postgresql|数据库|数据迁移神器ora2pg的安装部署和初步使用-编程知识

前言：

有的时候有需求需要迁移Oracle数据库的数据到postgresql，那么，其实可供选择的工具是比较多的，但从迁移效率，准确度这些角度来选择的话，无疑还是GitHub上的开源免费工具ora2pg比较合适的。

ora2pg的优点是免费，迁移速度快，迁移数据准确，部署简单，快速

下面将介绍如何在A服务器 centos7下面部署安装ora2pg，在另一台服务器B上通过docker安装部署一个Oracle，并简单的写一些数据

环境简介：

A服务器的IP是192.168.123.11，操作系统是centos，安装有postgresql数据库

B服务器的IP是192.168.123.12，操作系统是centos，安装有docker启动的Oracle数据库

一，

postgresql的概况

pg数据库所在服务器的IP地址是 192.168.123.11

计划在此服务器上安装ora2pg

二，

ora2pg的安装部署

####注：这一部分相关部署都是在192.168.123.11上的哦

1，

dbi的安装

yum install -y perl-DBI perl-DBD-Pg perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-CPAN perl-ExtUtils-eBuilder

yum install perl perl-devel make gcc gcc-c++ -y

yum install perl-Time-HiRes perl-tests cpan perl-Time-HiRes -y

该插件基本不需要考虑太多版本问题，直接本地仓库yum安装即可

####注意，perl的版本必须是5.0以上！！！！！！！！！！

2，

oracle的客户端安装

#####注，必须先安Oracle的客户端，否则后面的dbd：：oracle会安装不了报错

unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-19.20.0.0.0dbru.zip
unzip instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-19.20.0.0.0dbru.zip
unzip instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-19.20.0.0.0dbru.zip
mkdir -p  /opt/user/lib 
mv instantclient_19_20 /opt/user/lib
cd /opt/user/lib
chmod 755 /opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20/
chmod 755 -Rf /opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20/
echo "export PATH=/opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20/:$PATH">>/etc/profile
echo "export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH">>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile

3，

dbd的安装

####注：再次重申，必须先安装oracle的客户端

cd DBD-Oracle-1.83/
perl Makefile.PL -l
make
make install

大体输出如下；

[root@centos9 DBD-Oracle-1.83]# perl Makefile.PL -l
Using DBI 1.627 (for perl 5.016003 on x86_64-linux-thread-multi) installed in /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/DBI/
Configuring DBD::Oracle for perl 5.016003 on linux (x86_64-linux-thread-multi)If you encounter any problem, a collection of troubleshooting
guides are available under lib/DBD/Oracle/Troubleshooting.
'DBD::Oracle::Troubleshooting' is the general troubleshooting
guide, while platform-specific troubleshooting hints
live in their labelled sub-document (e.g., Win32
hints are gathered in 'lib/DBD/Oracle/Troubleshooting/Win32.pod').Trying to find an ORACLE_HOME
Found /opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20/WARNING: Setting ORACLE_HOME env var to /opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20/ for you.
WARNING: If these tests fail you may have to set ORACLE_HOME yourself!
Installing on a linux, Ver#3.10
Using Oracle in /opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20/
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1920000000" (CHAR)
Oracle Version 19.20.0.0 (19.20)
Looks like an Instant Client installation, okay
Your LD_LIBRARY_PATH env var is set to '/opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20/:'
Oracle sysliblist: 
Found header files in /opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20//sdk/include.client_version=19.20DEFINE= -Wall -Wno-comment -DUTF8_SUPPORT -DORA_OCI_VERSION=\"19.20.0.0\" -DORA_OCI_102 -DORA_OCI_112Checking for functioning wait.phSystem: perl5.016003 linux x86-01.bsys.centos.org 3.10.0-693.17.1.el7.x86_64 #1 smp thu jan 25 20:13:58 utc 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 gnulinux 
Compiler:   gcc -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
Linker:     /usr/bin/ld
Sysliblist: 
Linking with -lclntsh.Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Unrecognized argument in LIBS ignored: '-Wl,-rpath,/opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20/'
LD_RUN_PATH=/opt/user/lib/instantclient_19_20
Using DBD::Oracle 1.83.
Using DBD::Oracle 1.83.
Using DBI 1.627 (for perl 5.016003 on x86_64-linux-thread-multi) installed in /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/DBI/

基本没什么好说的，基础的编译环境具备就可以了

4,

ora2pg的安装

该安装类似DBD的安装，没什么好说的

####注：ora2pg安装完毕后会自动将可执行文件加入环境变量，无需过多设置

 cd ora2pg-23.1/perl Makefile.PL -lecho $?makeecho $?make installecho $?

命令输出如下：

[root@centos9 ora2pg]# cd ora2pg-23.1
[root@centos9 ora2pg-23.1]# ls
changelog  doc  INSTALL  lib  LICENSE  Makefile.PL  MANIFEST  packaging  README  scripts
[root@centos9 ora2pg-23.1]# perl Makefile.PL -l
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Writing Makefile for Ora2PgDone...
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please read documentation at http://ora2pg.darold.net/ before asking for help
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Now type: make && make install
[root@centos9 ora2pg-23.1]# make && make install
cp lib/Ora2Pg.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg.pm
cp lib/Ora2Pg/GEOM.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg/GEOM.pm
cp lib/Ora2Pg/Oracle.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg/Oracle.pm
cp lib/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm
cp lib/Ora2Pg/MySQL.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg/MySQL.pm
cp scripts/ora2pg blib/script/ora2pg
/usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/ora2pg
cp scripts/ora2pg_scanner blib/script/ora2pg_scanner
/usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/ora2pg_scanner
Manifying blib/man3/ora2pg.3
Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg.pm
Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg/GEOM.pm
Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg/Oracle.pm
Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm
Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg/MySQL.pm
Installing /usr/local/share/man/man3/ora2pg.3
Installing /usr/local/bin/ora2pg
Installing /usr/local/bin/ora2pg_scanner
Installing default configuration file (ora2pg.conf.dist) to /etc/ora2pg
Appending installation info to /usr/lib64/perl5/perllocal.pod
[root@centos9 ora2pg-23.1]# echo $?

三，

Oracle数据库的部署

Oracle数据库部署非常简单，因为是测试性质，因此，使用docker结合docker-compose拉起Oracle数据库即可

#####注：此数据库安装在192.168.123.12服务器上，启动数据库命令为：

[root@oula2 ~]# cat oracle.yaml
version: '3'
services:
oracle:
restart: always
image: hub.c.163.com/springwen/oracle12c
container_name: oracle
volumes:
- /usr/local/oracle/data:/u01/app/oracle
- /usr/local/oracle/source:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
environment:
- "TZ=Asia/Shanghai"
- "DBCA_TOTAL_MEMORY=16192"
- "IMPORT_FROM_VOLUME=true"
ports:
- 53432:1521
- 36888:8080
logging:
driver: "json-file"
options:
max-size: "1g"

使用sqldeveloper连接该数据库：

####注：sys用户的密码是oracle

创建emp测试表：

CREATE TABLE emp (  emp_id   NUMBER(10) PRIMARY KEY,  emp_name VARCHAR2(50),  emp_age  NUMBER(3),  emp_sal  NUMBER(10, 2)  
);

创建测试用户：

####注，该用户的密码是gzmpc，此用户是普通用户

create tablespace gzmoc_wk
datafile '/u01/app/oracle/gzmoc_wk.DBF'
size 100m
autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m
permanent
extent management local;

CREATE USER gzmpc
IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD
DEFAULT TABLESPACE gzmoc_wk;
grant create session to gzmpc;
grant create table to gzmpc;
grant unlimited tablespace to gzmpc;
ALTER USER gzmpc IDENTIFIED BY gzmpc;

四，

迁移配置

主要的最为关键的就是ora2pg的配置文件了，此文件是有模版的，该模版文件在/etc/ora2pg目录下，大概是1300行，内容比较多的

下面将就此配置文件做一个详细的解读

未完待续！！！！！！！！！！