解释说明：将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示

UML 结构图：

抽象建造者（Builder）：这个接口规定要实现复杂对象的那些部分的创建，并不设计具体部件对象的创建

具体建造者（ConcreteBuilder）：实现 Builder 的接口，完成复杂产品的各个部件的具体创建方法。在构造过程完成后，提供产品的实例

产品（Product）：要创建的复杂对象

指挥者（Director）：调用具体建造者来创建复杂对象的各个部分，在指导者中不涉及具体产品的信息，只负责保证对象各部分完整创建或按照某种顺序创建

优点：

建造者独立，易于扩展

便于控制细节风险

缺点：

产品必须有共同点，范围有限制

如果内部变化复杂，将会有很多的建造类

适用场景

需要生成的对象具有复杂的内部结构

需要生成的对象内部属性本身相互依赖

考虑这样一个场景，如下图：

Jungle想要建造一栋简易的房子（地板、墙和天花板），两个工程师带着各自的方案找上门来，直接给Jungle看方案和效果图。犹豫再三，Jungle最终选定了一位工程师……交房之日，Jungle满意的看着建好的房子，开始思考：这房子究竟是怎么建成的呢？这地板、墙和天花板是怎么建造的呢？工程师笑着说：“It's none of your business”

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// 电脑
class Computer
{
public:void SetmCpu(string cpu) { m_strCpu = cpu; }void SetmMainboard(string mainboard) { m_strMainboard = mainboard; }void SetmRam(string ram) { m_strRam = ram; }void SetVideoCard(string videoCard) { m_strVideoCard = videoCard; }string GetCPU() { return m_strCpu; }string GetMainboard() { return m_strMainboard; }string GetRam() { return m_strRam; }string GetVideoCard() { return m_strVideoCard; }
private:string m_strCpu;  // CPUstring m_strMainboard;  // 主板string m_strRam;  // 内存string m_strVideoCard;  // 显卡
};#include "product.h"
/****建造者模式 Builder******/
// 建造者接口，组装流程
class IBuilder
{
public:virtual void BuildCpu() = 0;  // 创建 CPUvirtual void BuildMainboard() = 0;  // 创建主板virtual void BuildRam() = 0;  // 创建内存virtual void BuildVideoCard() = 0;  // 创建显卡virtual Computer* GetResult() = 0;  // 获取建造后的产品
};
// ThinkPad 系列
class ThinkPadBuilder : public IBuilder
{
public:ThinkPadBuilder() { m_pComputer = new Computer(); }void BuildCpu() { m_pComputer->SetmCpu("i5-6200U"); }void BuildMainboard() { m_pComputer->SetmMainboard("Intel DH57DD"); }void BuildRam() { m_pComputer->SetmRam("DDR4"); }void BuildVideoCard() { m_pComputer->SetVideoCard("NVIDIA Geforce 920MX"); }Computer* GetResult() { return m_pComputer; }
private:Computer* m_pComputer;
};
// Yoga 系列
class YogaBuilder : public IBuilder
{
public:YogaBuilder() { m_pComputer = new Computer(); }void BuildCpu() { m_pComputer->SetmCpu("i7-7500U"); }void BuildMainboard() { m_pComputer->SetmMainboard("Intel DP55KG"); }void BuildRam() { m_pComputer->SetmRam("DDR5"); }void BuildVideoCard() { m_pComputer->SetVideoCard("NVIDIA GeForce 940MX"); }Computer* GetResult() { return m_pComputer; }
private:Computer* m_pComputer;
};#include "builder.h"
// 构造指挥官
class Direcror
{
public:void Create(IBuilder* builder) {builder->BuildCpu();builder->BuildMainboard();builder->BuildRam();builder->BuildVideoCard();}
};#include "builder.h"
#include "director.h"
#include <string>
#ifndef SAFE_DELETE
#define SAFE_DELETE(p) { if(p){delete(p); (p)=NULL;} }
#endif
int main()
{Direcror* pDirecror = new Direcror();ThinkPadBuilder* pTPBuilder = new ThinkPadBuilder();YogaBuilder* pYogaBuilder = new YogaBuilder();// 组装 ThinkPad、YogapDirecror->Create(pTPBuilder);pDirecror->Create(pYogaBuilder);// 获取组装后的电脑Computer* pThinkPadComputer = pTPBuilder->GetResult();Computer* pYogaComputer = pYogaBuilder->GetResult();// 测试输出cout << "-----ThinkPad-----" << endl;cout << "CPU: " << pThinkPadComputer->GetCPU() << endl;cout << "Mainboard: " << pThinkPadComputer->GetMainboard() << endl;cout << "Ram: " << pThinkPadComputer->GetRam() << endl;cout << "VideoCard: " << pThinkPadComputer->GetVideoCard() << endl;cout << "-----Yoga-----" << endl;cout << "CPU: " << pYogaComputer->GetCPU() << endl;cout << "Mainboard: " << pYogaComputer->GetMainboard() << endl;cout << "Ram: " << pYogaComputer->GetRam() << endl;cout << "VideoCard: " << pYogaComputer->GetVideoCard() << endl;SAFE_DELETE(pThinkPadComputer);SAFE_DELETE(pYogaComputer);SAFE_DELETE(pTPBuilder);SAFE_DELETE(pYogaBuilder);SAFE_DELETE(pDirecror);getchar();return 0;
}