C#对字典容器Dictionary＜TKey, TValue＞内容进行XML序列化或反序列化报错解决方法-编程知识

一、问题描述

在使用C#对字典容器Dictionary<TKey, TValue>内容进行XML序列化报错【System.Exception:“不支持类型 System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[System.String, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]]，因为它实现 IDictionary。”】如下所示：

或反序列化操作时会报如下错误【System.Exception:“不支持类型 System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[System.String, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]]，因为它实现 IDictionary。”】如下图所示

二、问题分析

通过异常信息可以看到是由于XML序列化或反序列化程序导致报错，且该错误是由于IDictionary导致，通过反编译查看【System.Xml.Serialization.TypeScope】内容可以发现代码直接对IDictionary类型直接做返回异常处理，不让序列化或反序列化。

三、解决方法

1、创建一个新的类【DictionaryEx】，继承Dictionary<TKey, TValue>类和IXmlSerializable接口：

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Schema;
using System.Xml.Serialization;namespace Kernal
{#region 可序列化字典类 + public class DictionaryEx<TKey, TValue>/// <summary>/// 可序列化字典类/// </summary>/// <typeparam name="TKey">键泛型</typeparam>/// <typeparam name="TValue">值泛型</typeparam>[System.Serializable]public class DictionaryEx<TKey, TValue>: Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, IXmlSerializable{#region 构造函数#region 默认构造函数 + public DictionaryEx()/// <summary>/// 默认构造函数/// </summary>public DictionaryEx(): base(){}#endregion#region 构造函数 + public DictionaryEx(int capacity)/// <summary>/// 构造函数/// </summary>/// <param name="capacity">可包含的初始元素数</param>public DictionaryEx(int capacity): base(capacity){}#endregion#region 构造函数 + public DictionaryEx(IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer)/// <summary>/// 构造函数/// </summary>/// <param name="comparer">比较键时要使用的 比较器 实现，或者为 null，以便为键类型使用默认的 比较器</param>public DictionaryEx(IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer): base(comparer){}#endregion#region 构造函数 + public DictionaryEx(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary)/// <summary>/// 构造函数/// </summary>/// <param name="dictionary">初始数据</param>public DictionaryEx(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary): base(dictionary){}#endregion#region 构造函数 + public DictionaryEx(int capacity, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer)/// <summary>/// 构造函数/// </summary>/// <param name="capacity">可包含的初始元素数</param>/// <param name="comparer">比较键时要使用的 比较器 实现，或者为 null，以便为键类型使用默认的 比较器</param>public DictionaryEx(int capacity, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer): base(capacity, comparer){}#endregion#region 构造函数 + public DictionaryEx(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer)/// <summary>/// 构造函数/// </summary>/// <param name="dictionary">初始数据</param>/// <param name="comparer">比较键时要使用的 比较器 实现，或者为 null，以便为键类型使用默认的 比较器</param>public DictionaryEx(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer): base(dictionary, comparer){}#endregion#endregion#region 取得概要 + public XmlSchema GetSchema()/// <summary>/// 取得概要/// 注：根据MSDN的文档，此方法为保留方法，一定返回 null。/// </summary>/// <returns>Xml概要</returns>public XmlSchema GetSchema(){return null;}#endregion#region 从 XML 对象中反序列化生成本对象 + public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader)/// <summary>  /// 从 XML 对象中反序列化生成本对象/// </summary>  /// <param name="reader">包含反序列化对象的 XmlReader 流</param>  public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader){XmlSerializer keySerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TKey));XmlSerializer valueSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TValue));bool wasEmpty = reader.IsEmptyElement;reader.Read();if (wasEmpty) return;while (reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.EndElement){reader.ReadStartElement("Item");reader.ReadStartElement("Key");TKey key = (TKey)keySerializer.Deserialize(reader);reader.ReadEndElement();reader.ReadStartElement("Value");TValue value = (TValue)valueSerializer.Deserialize(reader);reader.ReadEndElement();this.Add(key, value);reader.ReadEndElement();reader.MoveToContent();}reader.ReadEndElement();}#endregion#region 将本对象序列化为 XML 对象 + public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer)/// <summary>  /// 将本对象序列化为 XML 对象/// </summary>  /// <param name="writer">待写入的 XmlWriter 对象</param>  public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer){XmlSerializer keySerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TKey));XmlSerializer valueSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TValue));foreach (TKey key in this.Keys){writer.WriteStartElement("Item");writer.WriteStartElement("Key");keySerializer.Serialize(writer, key);writer.WriteEndElement();writer.WriteStartElement("Value");TValue value = this[key];valueSerializer.Serialize(writer, value);writer.WriteEndElement();writer.WriteEndElement();}}#endregion}#endregion
}

2、将原来使用Dictionary的类替换为DictionaryEx类

        /// <summary>/// 保存语言信息/// </summary>private bool SaveFileExpandNameList(DictionaryEx<string,string> languageInfoDic, string languageFilePathAndName){bool success = false;if (languageInfoDic != null && languageInfoDic.Count >= 0){//将对象序列化为xml字符串string strXml = XmlHelper.ObjectToXml2(languageInfoDic);if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strXml)){//先清空文件FileOPC.Clear(languageFilePathAndName);//保存Json字符串文件(覆盖写入)success = FileOPC.OverWrite(languageFilePathAndName, strXml);}}return success;}/// <summary>/// 获取语言信息/// </summary>/// <returns>返回语言信息字典</returns>private DictionaryEx<string, string> GetLanguageInfo(string languageFilePathAndName){if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(languageFilePathAndName)) return null;DictionaryEx<string, string> languageInfoDic = new DictionaryEx<string, string>();//读取xml文件字符串string strXml = FileOPC.Read(languageFilePathAndName);//读取xml文件并序列化为对象languageInfoDic = XmlHelper.XmlToObject2<DictionaryEx<string, string>>(strXml);return languageInfoDic;}

3、序列化DictionaryEx＜TKey, TValue＞容器内容的XML内容如下所示：