MAC地址(Media Access Control address),又称为物理地址或硬件地址,是网络适配器(网卡)在制造时被分配的全球唯一的48位地址。这个地址是数据链路层(OSI模型的第二层)的一部分,用于在局域网(LAN)中唯一标识网络设备。获取网卡地址主要用于网络标识和身份验证的目的。MAC地址是一个唯一的硬件地址,通常由网卡的制造商在制造过程中分配。通过获取MAC地址可以判断当前主机的唯一性可以与IP地址绑定并实现网络准入控制。
在Windows平台下获取MAC地址的方式有很多,获取MAC地址的常见方式包括使用操作系统提供的网络API(如Windows的GetAdaptersAddresses和GetAdaptersInfo),NetBIOS API,系统命令(如ipconfig /all),ARP缓存表查询,第三方库(如WinPcap或Libpcap),以及在编程语言中使用网络库。
首先第一种获取方法封装GetMacByGetAdaptersAddresses
函数,该功能的实现通过调用系统中的GetAdaptersAddresses
获取计算机的MAC地址。
该函数首先分配内存来存储适配器信息,然后调用 GetAdaptersAddresses 函数获取适配器信息。如果内存不足,它会重新分配足够的内存并再次调用该函数。接着,它遍历返回的适配器信息,找到第一个物理地址长度为6的适配器,然后将其MAC地址以格式化字符串的形式存储在传入的 macOUT 变量中。最后,释放分配的内存,并返回一个布尔值。
#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <string>#pragma comment(lib, "Netapi32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib")using namespace std;bool GetMacByGetAdaptersAddresses(std::string& macOUT)
{bool ret = false;ULONG outBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES);PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES*)malloc(outBufLen);if (pAddresses == NULL)return false;if (GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW){free(pAddresses);pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES*)malloc(outBufLen);if (pAddresses == NULL)return false;}if (GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen) == NO_ERROR){for (PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pCurrAddresses = pAddresses; pCurrAddresses != NULL; pCurrAddresses = pCurrAddresses->Next){// 确保MAC地址的长度为 00-00-00-00-00-00if (pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddressLength != 6)continue;char acMAC[32];sprintf(acMAC, "%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X",int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[0]),int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[1]),int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[2]),int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[3]),int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[4]),int(pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[5]));macOUT = acMAC;ret = true;break;}}free(pAddresses);return ret;
}int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{std::string refBuffer;GetMacByGetAdaptersAddresses(refBuffer);std::cout << "Mac地址: " << refBuffer << std::endl;system("pause");return 0;
}
第二种方式GetMacByGetAdaptersInfo
函数,通过调用系统的GetAdaptersInfo
获取计算机的主网卡的MAC地址。函数首先分配内存来存储适配器信息,然后调用GetAdaptersInfo
获取适配器信息。如果内存不足,它会重新分配足够的内存并再次调用该函数。接着,它遍历返回的适配器信息,找到第一个类型为以太网且物理地址长度为6的适配器,然后将其MAC地址以格式化字符串的形式存储在传入的macOUT
变量中。最后,释放分配的内存,并返回一个布尔值。
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <string>#pragma comment(lib, "Netapi32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib")using namespace std;bool GetMacByGetAdaptersInfo(std::string& macOUT)
{bool ret = false;ULONG ulOutBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO);PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)malloc(sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO));if (pAdapterInfo == NULL)return false;if (GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulOutBufLen) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW){free(pAdapterInfo);pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)malloc(ulOutBufLen);if (pAdapterInfo == NULL)return false;}if (GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulOutBufLen) == NO_ERROR){for (PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapter = pAdapterInfo; pAdapter != NULL; pAdapter = pAdapter->Next){// 确保是以太网if (pAdapter->Type != MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET)continue;// 确保MAC地址的长度为 00-00-00-00-00-00if (pAdapter->AddressLength != 6)continue;char acMAC[32];sprintf(acMAC, "%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X",int(pAdapter->Address[0]),int(pAdapter->Address[1]),int(pAdapter->Address[2]),int(pAdapter->Address[3]),int(pAdapter->Address[4]),int(pAdapter->Address[5]));macOUT = acMAC;ret = true;break;}}free(pAdapterInfo);return ret;
}int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{std::string refBuffer;GetMacByGetAdaptersInfo(refBuffer);std::cout << "Mac地址: " << refBuffer << std::endl;system("pause");return 0;
}
第三种封装一个GetMacByNetBIOS
函数,其使用NetBIOS API
获取指定适配器号(adapterNum)
的MAC地址。函数首先通过NCBRESET
命令重置指定网卡以便进行查询。接着,使用NCBASTAT
命令获取接口卡的状态块,其中包含了适配器的物理地址。如果NetBIOS
调用成功,将适配器的MAC
地址以格式化字符串的形式存储在传入的macOUT
变量中,最后返回一个布尔值。
#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <string>#pragma comment(lib, "Netapi32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib")using namespace std;bool GetAdapterInfo(int adapterNum, std::string& macOUT)
{NCB Ncb;memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(Ncb));// 重置网卡 以便我们可以查询Ncb.ncb_command = NCBRESET;Ncb.ncb_lana_num = adapterNum;if (Netbios(&Ncb) != NRC_GOODRET)return false;// 准备取得接口卡的状态块memset(&Ncb, sizeof(Ncb), 0);Ncb.ncb_command = NCBASTAT;Ncb.ncb_lana_num = adapterNum;strcpy((char*)Ncb.ncb_callname, "*");struct ASTAT{ADAPTER_STATUS adapt;NAME_BUFFER nameBuff[30];}adapter;memset(&adapter, sizeof(adapter), 0);Ncb.ncb_buffer = (unsigned char*)&adapter;Ncb.ncb_length = sizeof(adapter);if (Netbios(&Ncb) != 0)return false;char acMAC[32];sprintf(acMAC, "%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X-%02X",int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[0]),int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[1]),int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[2]),int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[3]),int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[4]),int(adapter.adapt.adapter_address[5]));macOUT = acMAC;return true;
}bool GetMacByNetBIOS(std::string& macOUT)
{// 取得网卡列表LANA_ENUM adapterList;NCB Ncb;memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(NCB));Ncb.ncb_command = NCBENUM;Ncb.ncb_buffer = (unsigned char*)&adapterList;Ncb.ncb_length = sizeof(adapterList);Netbios(&Ncb);// 取得MACfor (int i = 0; i < adapterList.length; ++i){if (GetAdapterInfo(adapterList.lana[i], macOUT))return true;}return false;
}int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{std::string refBuffer;GetMacByNetBIOS(refBuffer);std::cout << "Mac地址: " << refBuffer << std::endl;system("pause");return 0;
}
三种方式均可以输出系统的MAC地址,可根据自己的需求选择;