Web请求与响应-编程知识

Postman

Postman简介

Postman的使用

请求

简单参数

实体参数

数组参数

集合参数

日期参数

Json参数

路径参数

响应

@ResponseBody

统一响应结果

Postman

Postman简介

postman是一款功能强大的网页调试与发送网页http请求的Chrome插件，常用于进行接口测试。

Postman的使用

先创建用户

之后通过刚刚创建的用户登录

创建工作空间

创建完成后他会自动进入到springbootweb工作空间

点击+添加新请求

请求

pom.xml文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.7.4</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.he1220</groupId><artifactId>demo</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>demo</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><java.version>11</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

简单参数

以原始的方式接收请求参数

目录结构如下

RequestController.java文件内容如下

package com.he1220.demo.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;@RestController
public class RequestController {@RequestMapping("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request){String name = request.getParameter("name");String age = request.getParameter("age");System.out.println(name);System.out.println(age);return "ok";}
}

测试结果如下

以SpringBoot的方式接收请求参数

package com.he1220.demo.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class RequestController {@RequestMapping("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam(String name,Integer age){System.out.println(name);System.out.println(age);return "ok";}
}

如果方法形参名称与请求参数名称不匹配，可以通过@RequestParam注解完成映射

通过name属性指定请求参数名

@RequestParam中的Required属性默认为true，该请求参数必须传递，不传递将报错(400)。可以设置为false

package com.he1220.demo.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class RequestController {@RequestMapping("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam(@RequestParam(name="name")String username,Integer age){System.out.println(username);System.out.println(age);return "ok";}
}

实体参数

需要保证请求参数名与形参对象属性名一致

目录结构如下

RequestController.java内容如下

package com.he1220.demo.controller;import com.he1220.demo.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class RequestController {@RequestMapping("/Pojo")public String Pojo(User user){System.out.println(user);return "ok~";}
}

User.java内容如下

package com.he1220.demo.pojo;public class User{private String name;private String age;private Add add;public User(String name, String age) {this.name = name;this.age = age;}public Add getAdd() {return add;}public String getName() {return name;}public String getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(String age) {this.age = age;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public void setAdd(Add add) {this.add = add;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", age='" + age + '\'' +", add=" + add +'}';}
}

Add.java内容如下

package com.he1220.demo.pojo;public class Add {private String province;private String city;public String getProvince() {return province;}public void setProvince(String province) {this.province = province;}public String getCity() {return city;}public void setCity(String city) {this.city = city;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Add{" +"province='" + province + '\'' +", city='" + city + '\'' +'}';}
}

测试结果如下

数组参数

RequestController.java内容如下

package com.he1220.demo.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Arrays;@RestController
public class RequestController {@RequestMapping("/arrParam")public String arrParam(String[] hobby){System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobby));return "ok~";}
}

测试结果如下

集合参数

需要保证请求的参数名与集合变量名相同，通过@RequestParam注解绑定参数关系

RequestController.java内容如下

package com.he1220.demo.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;@RestController
public class RequestController {@RequestMapping("/listParam")public String listParam(@RequestParam List<String> hobby){System.out.println(hobby);return "ok~";}
}

日期参数

使用@DateTimeFormat 注解完成日期参数格式转换

package com.he1220.demo.controller;import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.time.LocalDateTime;@RestController
public class RequestController {@RequestMapping("/dateParam")public String dateParam(@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") LocalDateTime updateTime){System.out.println(updateTime);return "ok~";}

Json参数

通过@RequestBody注解将Json对象封装到实体类当中

package com.he1220.demo.controller;import com.he1220.demo.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class RequestController {@RequestMapping("/jsonParam")public String jsonParam(@RequestBody User user){System.out.println(user);return "ok~";}
}

路径参数

通过请求URL直接传递参数，使用{...}来标识该参数路径，需要使用@PathVariable获取参数路径

@RestController
public class RequestController {@RequestMapping("/path/{id}/{name}")public String pathParam(@PathVariable Integer id,@PathVariable String name){System.out.println(id + name);return "ok~";}
}

响应

@ResponseBody

放在Controller方法上/类上

将方法返回值直接响应，如果返回值类型是实体对象/集合,将会转换为JSON格式响应

@RestController = @Controller + @ResponseBody

统一响应结果

目录结构如下

pojo.Result.java文件内容如下

package com.he1220.demo.pojo;/*** 统一响应结果封装类*/
public class Result {private Integer code ;//1 成功 , 0 失败private String msg; //提示信息private Object data; //数据 datapublic Result() {}public Result(Integer code, String msg, Object data) {this.code = code;this.msg = msg;this.data = data;}public Integer getCode() {return code;}public void setCode(Integer code) {this.code = code;}public String getMsg() {return msg;}public void setMsg(String msg) {this.msg = msg;}public Object getData() {return data;}public void setData(Object data) {this.data = data;}public static Result success(Object data){return new Result(1, "success", data);}public static Result success(){return new Result(1, "success", null);}public static Result error(String msg){return new Result(0, msg, null);}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Result{" +"code=" + code +", msg='" + msg + '\'' +", data=" + data +'}';}
}

RequestController.class内容如下

package com.he1220.demo.controller;import com.he1220.demo.pojo.Add;
import com.he1220.demo.pojo.Result;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class RequestController {@RequestMapping("/getAddr")public Result getAddr(String province, String city){System.out.println(province);System.out.println(city);Add addr = new Add();addr.setProvince(province);addr.setCity(city);return Result.success(addr);}
}

测试结果如下