HarmonyOS应用开发-搭建开发环境-编程知识

本文介绍如何搭建 HarmonyOS 应用的开发环境，介绍下载安装 DevEco Studio 开发工具和 SDK 的详细流程。华为鸿蒙 DevEco Studio 是面向全场景的一站式集成开发环境，面向全场景多设备，提供一站式的分布式应用开发平台，支持分布式多端开发、分布式多端调测、多端模拟仿真，提供全方位的质量与安全保障。

一、下载安装 DevEco Studio

1、官网下载 DevEco Studio

官网：HUAWEI DevEco Studio和SDK下载和升级 | HarmonyOS开发者
下载 DevEco Studio 3.1.1 Release 最新版本。

1 001 1024x429 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

下载完成后我们解压压缩包，点击启动exe安装程序。

2、安装 DevEco Studio

启动安装exe程序，点击Next下一步。

1 002 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

选择安装路径，这里根据大家自己的喜好选择路径安装即可，需要2GB的存储空间。

1 003 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

下一步，我们勾选 “生成快捷方式” 和 “添加到path环境变量” 。

1 004 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

这里默认文件夹名，点击安装。

1 005 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

完成安装，需要对电脑重启。

1 006 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

二、运行 DevEco Studio

1、安装 Node.js 和 ohpm

首次运行 DevEco Studio 会来到这个页面。
HarmonyOS应用开发需要我们的电脑上安装 Node.js 和 ohpm (鸿蒙生态三方库的包管理工具)
这里华为官方提供了镜像，如果本机上之前没有装过，直接勾选 install 然后下一步即可。

1 007 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

2、安装HarmonyOS SDK

这里选择安装路径即可，我直接默认路径，点击下一步。

1 008 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

这个页面展示了所有需要安装的包，点击下一步安装。

1 009 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

几分钟后安装完成。

1 010 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

三、新建项目

新建一个Empty Ability。

1 011 1024x613 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

默认Stage模式，开启Super Visual低代码模式。

1 012 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

四、运行项目

1、创建测试页面

这里我通过低代码组件随便做了一个登录页。我们低代码组件的改动体现在index.visual上。

1 013 1024x691 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境

index.visual代码我提供出来给大家参考：

{"document": {"VisualVersion": "12","type": "ETS","custom": false,"path": "/entry/src/main/supervisual/pages/Index"},"visualModel": {"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"width": "100%","height": "100%"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"width": "100%","height": "100%","justify-content-rc": "center","position": "absolute","top": "0vp","left": "0vp","border-bottom-color": "#4a4a4a","border-bottom-width": "1vp"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"position": "absolute","top": "95vp","width": "100%","height": "100vp","display-priority": "0","align-items-row": "center","justify-content-rc": "center"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"width": "100vp","height": "100vp","align": "center","top": "0vp","background-image-size": "auto","position": "relative","src": "$r('app.media.icon')","left": "0%"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "image1","type": "image"}}],"id": "row3","type": "row"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "50vp","width": "100%","left": "0vp","top": "200vp","border-top-right-radius": "0vp","content": "登录界面","font-size": "26fp","font-weight": "medium","font-family": "sans-serif","text-align": "center","text-overflow": "clip","position": "absolute"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text1","type": "text"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "30vp","width": "100%","left": "0vp","top": "250vp","content": "登录帐号以使用更多服务","font-size": "14fp","text-align": "center","font-color": "#8c8c8c","position": "absolute"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text2","type": "text"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "50vp","width": "100%","left": "0vp","top": "328vp","position": "absolute","placeholder": "邮箱/手机号/用户名","margin-bottom": "0vp","padding-top": "0vp","border-bottom-width": "1vp","border-bottom-color": "#4a4a4a","background-color": "#ffffff"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text-input1","type": "text-input"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "50vp","width": "100%","left": "0vp","top": "380vp","position": "absolute","placeholder": "密码","textInput-type": "Password","background-color": "#ffffff","border-bottom-width": "1vp","border-bottom-color": "#4a4a4a"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text-input2","type": "text-input"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"position": "absolute","top": "430vp","left": "5%","width": "90%","height": "30vp"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "30vp","width": "50%","position": "absolute","top": "0px","left": "50%","text-align": "end","content": "忘记密码","font-size": "14fp"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text3","type": "text"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "30vp","width": "50%","text-align": "start","position": "absolute","content": "短信验证码登录","font-size": "14fp","top": "0vp","left": "0%"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text4","type": "text"}}],"id": "row1","type": "row"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"position": "absolute","top": "92%","left": "5%","height": "8%","width": "90%"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "100%","width": "33.3%","position": "absolute"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text7","type": "text"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "100%","width": "33.4%","position": "absolute"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text9","type": "text"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "100%","width": "33.3%","text-align": "end","position": "absolute"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text8","type": "text"}}],"id": "row2","type": "row"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"width": "90%","height": "40vp","label": "登录","font-size": "20fp","position": "absolute","top": "530vp","left": "5%"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "button1","type": "button"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "30vp","width": "100%","content": "注册账号","text-align": "center","font-size": "14fp","position": "absolute","top": "570vp","left": "0vp"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text5","type": "text"}},{"dataType": "VisualModel","value": {"propertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"mediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"dynamicMediaPropertyStorage": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {"height": "4%","width": "100%","text-align": "center","font-size": "14fp","position": "absolute","top": "88%","left": "0vp","content": "其他方式登录","align": "center"}},"dynamicProperty": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"children": [],"id": "text6","type": "text"}}],"id": "column1","type": "column"}}],"id": "wrapper","type": "column"}},"formData": {"data": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"actions": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}}},"customData": {"property": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}},"event": {"dataType": "Map","value": {}}}
}

我们点击运行按钮，会让我们选择运行设备，这里的设备都是模拟器，需要安装，我们先进入设备管理器安装设备。

1 014 1024x691 - Harmony应用开发-搭建开发环境