【Element】el-form和el-table嵌套实现表格编辑并提交表单校验-编程知识

一、背景

页面需要用到表格采集用户数据，提交时进行表单校验；即表格中嵌套着表单，保存时进行表单校验

二、功能实现

2.1、el-form和el-table嵌套说明

① :model="formData" 给表单绑定数据，formData是表单的数据对象

② 表单数据对象formData中定义的tableData是表单内嵌套的表格显示数据

③ rules为表单绑定的校验规则

④ :prop="'tableData.' + scope.$index + '.name'" 绑定传入Form 组件的 model 中对应的字段name

⑤ :rules="rules.name" 绑定表单校验规则

⑥ 整个html结构是一个大表单 el-form里边嵌套的el-table，而el-table中又嵌套了表单项 el-form-item支持编辑。

备注：大多情况下prop会按照惯有思维直接写入字段，而这里是动态绑定的，另外一定要记得每项动态写入rules来进行绑定表单校验

2.2、具体代码

<template><div><el-form:model="formData"ref="formRef":rules="rules"label-width="108px":inline="true"><el-table:data="formData.tableData"style="width: 100%" border><el-table-column type="index" width="55" align="center"></el-table-column><el-table-column label="姓名" prop="name" resizable align="center" header-align="center"><template slot-scope="scope"><el-form-item :prop="'tableData.' + scope.$index + '.name'" :rules="rules.name"><el-input type="text" size="small" placeholder="请输入姓名" v-model="scope.row.name"></el-input></el-form-item></template></el-table-column><el-table-column label="年龄" prop="age" resizable align="center" header-align="center"><template slot-scope="scope"><el-form-item :prop="'tableData.' + scope.$index + '.age'" :rules="rules.age"><el-input type="text" size="small" placeholder="请输入年龄" v-model="scope.row.age"></el-input></el-form-item></template></el-table-column><el-table-column label="性别" prop="sex" resizable align="center" header-align="center"><template slot-scope="scope"><el-form-item :prop="'tableData.' + scope.$index + '.sex'" :rules="rules.sex"><el-input type="text" size="small" placeholder="请输入性别" v-model="scope.row.sex"></el-input></el-form-item></template></el-table-column></el-table><el-form-item class="footer"><el-button type="primary" @click="save">保存</el-button><el-button>取消</el-button></el-form-item></el-form></div>
</template><script>
export default{data(){return{formData:{tableData:[{name:'张三',age:18,sex:''},{name:'李四',age:19,sex:''},]},rules:{name:[{ required: true, message: '请输入姓名', trigger: 'blur' },],age:[{ required: true, message: '请输入年龄', trigger: 'blur' },],sex:[{ required: true, message: '请输入性别', trigger: 'blur' },],}}},methods:{//保存save(){this.$refs.formRef.validate((valid) => {console.log('valid',valid);if(valid){//如果valid为true，表示校验通过，可以提交表单，调取接口进行保存console.log('表单校验通过');}else {this.$message.warning("请填写完整的数据");}})},}
}
</script><style lang="scss" scoped>
.footer{margin-top: 50px;
}
</style>

三、实际项目应用

3.1、增加添加与删除操作

需求：表格增加操作项，具有添加和删除按钮，第一项无法删除，点击添加时，动态增加表格的行数，点击删除的时候，删除表格的行数据。

3.2、添加和删除代码

结构：直接添加一个表格项

<el-table-column label="操作" resizable align="center" header-align="center"><template slot-scope="{$index}"><el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-plus" circle @click="addTable()" v-if="$index == 0"></el-button><el-button icon="el-icon-minus" circle @click="delTable($index)" v-if="$index > 0"></el-button></template>
</el-table-column>

methods:{//添加addTable(){let newArr = [{name:'',age:'',sex:''}]this.formData.tableData.push(...newArr)},//删除delTable(i){this.formData.tableData.splice(i,1)}
}

3.3、完整代码

<template><div><el-form:model="formData"ref="formRef":rules="rules"label-width="108px":inline="true"><el-table:data="formData.tableData"style="width: 100%" border><el-table-column type="index" width="55" align="center"></el-table-column><el-table-column label="姓名" prop="name" resizable align="center" header-align="center"><template slot-scope="scope"><el-form-item :prop="'tableData.' + scope.$index + '.name'" :rules="rules.name"><el-input type="text" size="small" placeholder="请输入姓名" v-model="scope.row.name"></el-input></el-form-item></template></el-table-column><el-table-column label="年龄" prop="age" resizable align="center" header-align="center"><template slot-scope="scope"><el-form-item :prop="'tableData.' + scope.$index + '.age'" :rules="rules.age"><el-input type="text" size="small" placeholder="请输入年龄" v-model="scope.row.age"></el-input></el-form-item></template></el-table-column><el-table-column label="性别" prop="sex" resizable align="center" header-align="center"><template slot-scope="scope"><el-form-item :prop="'tableData.' + scope.$index + '.sex'" :rules="rules.sex"><el-input type="text" size="small" placeholder="请输入性别" v-model="scope.row.sex"></el-input></el-form-item></template></el-table-column><el-table-column label="操作" resizable align="center" header-align="center"><template slot-scope="{$index}"><el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-plus" circle @click="addTable()" v-if="$index == 0"></el-button><el-button icon="el-icon-minus" circle @click="delTable($index)" v-if="$index > 0"></el-button></template></el-table-column></el-table><el-form-item class="footer"><el-button type="primary" @click="save">保存</el-button><el-button>取消</el-button></el-form-item></el-form></div>
</template><script>
export default{data(){return{formData:{tableData:[{name:'张三',age:18,sex:'男'},{name:'李四',age:19,sex:''},]},rules:{name:[{ required: true, message: '请输入姓名', trigger: 'blur' },],age:[{ required: true, message: '请输入年龄', trigger: 'blur' },],sex:[{ required: true, message: '请输入性别', trigger: 'blur' },],}}},methods:{//保存save(){this.$refs.formRef.validate((valid) => {console.log('valid',valid);if(valid){//如果valid为true，表示校验通过，可以提交表单，调取接口进行保存console.log('表单校验通过');}else {this.$message.warning("请填写完整的数据");}})},//添加addTable(){let newArr = [{name:'',age:'',sex:''}]this.formData.tableData.push(...newArr)},//删除delTable(i){this.formData.tableData.splice(i,1)}}
}
</script><style>
.footer{margin-top: 50px;
}
</style>