《 移植useradd到嵌入式Linux设备-CSDN博客》该篇文章简单描述了移植useradd命令（当然还附带其他相关的命令）步骤，十分丝滑地得到了目标文件，拷贝到嵌入式Linux设备后，通过类似下面的命令添加用户和密码到系统，
#用户名：mike 密码：12345 执行shell:/bin/sh
#组号：0 家目录：/root
useradd -g 0 -d /root -p 12345 -s /bin/sh mike在/etc/passwd和/etc/shadow文件里确确实实添加成功，但是在密码文件shadow里mike的密码原封不动地复制了命令行输入的密码（明文）,查看了useradd的帮助说明，对于-p这段，说明如下：
-p, --password PASSWORD encrypted password of the new account
它要求你在输入密码的时候就要输入密文（也就是你输入什么它就写什么到shadow），通过查看useradd.c源码，的确没对输入的密码进行加密处理，当通过如SSH方式用新添加用户名和密码登录后，会被系统拒绝访问，原因是密码不对，shadow里面对应用户的密码必须为密文才能验证通过（通过chpasswd命令可以自动修改明文密码为密文并同步更新到shadow文件）。
终归不太方便。
我想要使在输入明文密码后写到shadow文件里面的是对应加密后的密文，参照shadow工程下chpasswd.c，对useradd.c作如下关键修改，
加密函数实现如下：
配置如下：
./configure --prefix=$PWD/../arm-gcc/ --host=arm-linux CC=/root/DCJ_hf/buildroot/output/host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc AR=/root/DCJ_hf/buildroot/output/host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar STRIP=/root/DCJ_hf/buildroot/output/host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip LDFLAGS="-lcrypt"（在最后增加了-lcrypt链接，否则会出现“未定义对‘crypt’的引用”错误，此处注意）
make&&make install之后将目标文件useradd拷贝到嵌入式设备/usr/sbin/路径下，赋予可执行权限后执行useradd -h,如下图：
上图所示可以通过命令行对加密方式进行选择，如果保持原密码（不做任何处理）则不输入-E选项即可，比如通过下述命令添加用户user:
useradd -E SHA256 -p password -s /bin/sh user可以成功添加，
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------修改的useradd.c文件如下:
/** Copyright (c) 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh* Copyright (c) 1996 - 2000, Marek Michałkiewicz* Copyright (c) 2000 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko* Copyright (c) 2007 - 2012, Nicolas François* All rights reserved.** Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions* are met:* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.* 3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to* endorse or promote products derived from this software without* specific prior written permission.** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A* PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT* HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.*/#include <config.h>#ident "$Id$"#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <lastlog.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID
#ifdef USE_PAM
#include "pam_defs.h"
#endif /* USE_PAM */
#endif /* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "chkname.h"
#include "defines.h"
#include "faillog.h"
#include "getdef.h"
#include "groupio.h"
#include "nscd.h"
#include "prototypes.h"
#include "pwauth.h"
#include "pwio.h"
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
#include "sgroupio.h"
#endif
#include "shadowio.h"
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
#include "subordinateio.h"
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
#ifdef WITH_TCB
#include "tcbfuncs.h"
#endif#ifndef SKEL_DIR
#define SKEL_DIR "/etc/skel"
#endif
#ifndef USER_DEFAULTS_FILE
#define USER_DEFAULTS_FILE "/etc/default/useradd"
#define NEW_USER_FILE "/etc/default/nuaddXXXXXX"
#endif
/** Needed for MkLinux DR1/2/2.1 - J.*/
#ifndef LASTLOG_FILE
#define LASTLOG_FILE "/var/log/lastlog"
#endif
/** Global variables*/
const char *Prog;/** These defaults are used if there is no defaults file.*/
static gid_t def_group = 100;
static const char *def_gname = "other";
static const char *def_home = "/home";
static const char *def_shell = "";
static const char *def_template = SKEL_DIR;
static const char *def_create_mail_spool = "no";
static /*@null@*//*@observer@*/const char *crypt_method = "NONE";
static long sha_rounds = 5000;static long def_inactive = -1;
static const char *def_expire = "";#define VALID(s) (strcspn (s, ":\n") == strlen (s))static const char *user_name = "";
static const char *user_pass = "!";
static uid_t user_id;
static gid_t user_gid;
static const char *user_comment = "";
static const char *user_home = "";
static const char *user_shell = "";
static const char *create_mail_spool = "";
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
static /*@notnull@*/const char *user_selinux = "";
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */static long user_expire = -1;
static bool is_shadow_pwd;#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static bool is_shadow_grp;
static bool sgr_locked = false;
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
static bool is_sub_uid = false;
static bool is_sub_gid = false;
static bool sub_uid_locked = false;
static bool sub_gid_locked = false;
static uid_t sub_uid_start; /* New subordinate uid range */
static unsigned long sub_uid_count;
static gid_t sub_gid_start; /* New subordinate gid range */
static unsigned long sub_gid_count;
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
static bool pw_locked = false;
static bool gr_locked = false;
static bool spw_locked = false;
static char **user_groups; /* NULL-terminated list */
static long sys_ngroups;
static bool do_grp_update = false; /* group files need to be updated */static boolbflg = false, /* new default root of home directory */cflg = false, /* comment (GECOS) field for new account */dflg = false, /* home directory for new account */Dflg = false, /* set/show new user default values */eflg = false, /* days since 1970-01-01 when account is locked */fflg = false, /* days until account with expired password is locked */gflg = false, /* primary group ID for new account */Gflg = false, /* secondary group set for new account */kflg = false, /* specify a directory to fill new user directory */lflg = false, /* do not add user to lastlog/faillog databases */mflg = false, /* create user's home directory if it doesn't exist */Mflg = false, /* do not create user's home directory even if CREATE_HOME is set */Nflg = false, /* do not create a group having the same name as the user, but add the user to def_group (or the group specified with -g) */oflg = false, /* permit non-unique user ID to be specified with -u */rflg = false, /* create a system account */sflg = false, /* shell program for new account */uflg = false, /* specify user ID for new account */Uflg = false; /* create a group having the same name as the user */#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
#define Zflg ('\0' != *user_selinux)
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */static bool home_added = false;/** exit status values*/
/*@-exitarg@*/
#define E_SUCCESS 0 /* success */
#define E_PW_UPDATE 1 /* can't update password file */
#define E_USAGE 2 /* invalid command syntax */
#define E_BAD_ARG 3 /* invalid argument to option */
#define E_UID_IN_USE 4 /* UID already in use (and no -o) */
#define E_NOTFOUND 6 /* specified group doesn't exist */
#define E_NAME_IN_USE 9 /* username already in use */
#define E_GRP_UPDATE 10 /* can't update group file */
#define E_HOMEDIR 12 /* can't create home directory */
#define E_SE_UPDATE 14 /* can't update SELinux user mapping */
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
#define E_SUB_UID_UPDATE 16 /* can't update the subordinate uid file */
#define E_SUB_GID_UPDATE 18 /* can't update the subordinate gid file */
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */#define DGROUP "GROUP="
#define DHOME "HOME="
#define DSHELL "SHELL="
#define DINACT "INACTIVE="
#define DEXPIRE "EXPIRE="
#define DSKEL "SKEL="
#define DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL="/* local function prototypes */
static void fail_exit (int);
static void get_defaults (void);
static void show_defaults (void);
static int set_defaults (void);
static int get_groups (char *);
static void usage (int status);
static void new_pwent (struct passwd *);static long scale_age (long);
static void new_spent (struct spwd *);
static void grp_update (void);static void process_flags (int argc, char **argv);
static void close_files (void);
static void open_files (void);
static void open_shadow (void);
static void faillog_reset (uid_t);
static void lastlog_reset (uid_t);
static void usr_update (void);
static void create_home (void);
static void create_mail (void);
static const char *encrypt_passwd(const char *passwd);/** fail_exit - undo as much as possible*/
static void fail_exit (int code)
{if (home_added) {if (rmdir (user_home) != 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: %s was created, but could not be removed\n"),Prog, user_home);SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to remove %s", user_home));}}if (spw_locked) {if (spw_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", spw_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking shadow file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}}if (pw_locked) {if (pw_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", pw_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking passwd file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}}if (gr_locked) {if (gr_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", gr_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking group file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}}
#ifdef SHADOWGRPif (sgr_locked) {if (sgr_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sgr_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking gshadow file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}}
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDSif (sub_uid_locked) {if (sub_uid_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_uid_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking subordinate user file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}}if (sub_gid_locked) {if (sub_gid_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_gid_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking subordinate group file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endifSYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "failed adding user '%s', data deleted", user_name));exit (code);
}#define MATCH(x,y) (strncmp((x),(y),strlen(y)) == 0)/** get_defaults - read the defaults file** get_defaults() reads the defaults file for this command. It sets the* various values from the file, or uses built-in default values if the* file does not exist.*/
static void get_defaults (void)
{FILE *fp;char buf[1024];char *cp;/** Open the defaults file for reading.*/fp = fopen (USER_DEFAULTS_FILE, "r");if (NULL == fp) {return;}/** Read the file a line at a time. Only the lines that have relevant* values are used, everything else can be ignored.*/while (fgets (buf, (int) sizeof buf, fp) == buf) {cp = strrchr (buf, '\n');if (NULL != cp) {*cp = '\0';}cp = strchr (buf, '=');if (NULL == cp) {continue;}cp++;/** Primary GROUP identifier*/if (MATCH (buf, DGROUP)) {const struct group *grp = getgr_nam_gid (cp);if (NULL == grp) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"),Prog, cp);fprintf (stderr,_("%s: the %s configuration in %s will be ignored\n"),Prog, DGROUP, USER_DEFAULTS_FILE);} else {def_group = grp->gr_gid;def_gname = xstrdup (grp->gr_name);}}/** Default HOME filesystem*/else if (MATCH (buf, DHOME)) {def_home = xstrdup (cp);}/** Default Login Shell command*/else if (MATCH (buf, DSHELL)) {def_shell = xstrdup (cp);}/** Default Password Inactive value*/else if (MATCH (buf, DINACT)) {if ( (getlong (cp, &def_inactive) == 0)|| (def_inactive < -1)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: invalid numeric argument '%s'\n"),Prog, cp);fprintf (stderr,_("%s: the %s configuration in %s will be ignored\n"),Prog, DINACT, USER_DEFAULTS_FILE);def_inactive = -1;}}/** Default account expiration date*/else if (MATCH (buf, DEXPIRE)) {def_expire = xstrdup (cp);}/** Default Skeleton information*/else if (MATCH (buf, DSKEL)) {if ('\0' == *cp) {cp = SKEL_DIR; /* XXX warning: const */}def_template = xstrdup (cp);}/** Create by default user mail spool or not ?*/else if (MATCH (buf, DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL)) {if (*cp == '\0') {cp = "no"; /* XXX warning: const */}def_create_mail_spool = xstrdup (cp);}}(void) fclose (fp);
}/** show_defaults - show the contents of the defaults file** show_defaults() displays the values that are used from the default* file and the built-in values.*/
static void show_defaults (void)
{printf ("GROUP=%u\n", (unsigned int) def_group);printf ("HOME=%s\n", def_home);printf ("INACTIVE=%ld\n", def_inactive);printf ("EXPIRE=%s\n", def_expire);printf ("SHELL=%s\n", def_shell);printf ("SKEL=%s\n", def_template);printf ("CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n", def_create_mail_spool);
}/** set_defaults - write new defaults file** set_defaults() re-writes the defaults file using the values that* are currently set. Duplicated lines are pruned, missing lines are* added, and unrecognized lines are copied as is.*/
static int set_defaults (void)
{FILE *ifp;FILE *ofp;char buf[1024];static char new_file[] = NEW_USER_FILE;char *cp;int ofd;int wlen;bool out_group = false;bool out_home = false;bool out_inactive = false;bool out_expire = false;bool out_shell = false;bool out_skel = false;bool out_create_mail_spool = false;/** Create a temporary file to copy the new output to.*/ofd = mkstemp (new_file);if (-1 == ofd) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"),Prog);return -1;}ofp = fdopen (ofd, "w");if (NULL == ofp) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"),Prog);return -1;}/** Open the existing defaults file and copy the lines to the* temporary file, using any new values. Each line is checked* to insure that it is not output more than once.*/ifp = fopen (USER_DEFAULTS_FILE, "r");if (NULL == ifp) {fprintf (ofp, "# useradd defaults file\n");goto skip;}while (fgets (buf, (int) sizeof buf, ifp) == buf) {cp = strrchr (buf, '\n');if (NULL != cp) {*cp = '\0';} else {/* A line which does not end with \n is only valid* at the end of the file.*/if (feof (ifp) == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: line too long in %s: %s..."),Prog, USER_DEFAULTS_FILE, buf);(void) fclose (ifp);return -1;}}if (!out_group && MATCH (buf, DGROUP)) {fprintf (ofp, DGROUP "%u\n", (unsigned int) def_group);out_group = true;} else if (!out_home && MATCH (buf, DHOME)) {fprintf (ofp, DHOME "%s\n", def_home);out_home = true;} else if (!out_inactive && MATCH (buf, DINACT)) {fprintf (ofp, DINACT "%ld\n", def_inactive);out_inactive = true;} else if (!out_expire && MATCH (buf, DEXPIRE)) {fprintf (ofp, DEXPIRE "%s\n", def_expire);out_expire = true;} else if (!out_shell && MATCH (buf, DSHELL)) {fprintf (ofp, DSHELL "%s\n", def_shell);out_shell = true;} else if (!out_skel && MATCH (buf, DSKEL)) {fprintf (ofp, DSKEL "%s\n", def_template);out_skel = true;} else if (!out_create_mail_spool&& MATCH (buf, DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL)) {fprintf (ofp,DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL "%s\n",def_create_mail_spool);out_create_mail_spool = true;} elsefprintf (ofp, "%s\n", buf);}(void) fclose (ifp);skip:/** Check each line to insure that every line was output. This* causes new values to be added to a file which did not previously* have an entry for that value.*/if (!out_group)fprintf (ofp, DGROUP "%u\n", (unsigned int) def_group);if (!out_home)fprintf (ofp, DHOME "%s\n", def_home);if (!out_inactive)fprintf (ofp, DINACT "%ld\n", def_inactive);if (!out_expire)fprintf (ofp, DEXPIRE "%s\n", def_expire);if (!out_shell)fprintf (ofp, DSHELL "%s\n", def_shell);if (!out_skel)fprintf (ofp, DSKEL "%s\n", def_template);if (!out_create_mail_spool)fprintf (ofp, DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL "%s\n", def_create_mail_spool);/** Flush and close the file. Check for errors to make certain* the new file is intact.*/(void) fflush (ofp);if ( (ferror (ofp) != 0)|| (fsync (fileno (ofp)) != 0)|| (fclose (ofp) != 0)) {unlink (new_file);return -1;}/** Rename the current default file to its backup name.*/wlen = snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, "%s-", USER_DEFAULTS_FILE);assert (wlen < (int) sizeof buf);unlink (buf);if ((link (USER_DEFAULTS_FILE, buf) != 0) && (ENOENT != errno)) {int err = errno;fprintf (stderr,_("%s: Cannot create backup file (%s): %s\n"),Prog, buf, strerror (err));unlink (new_file);return -1;}/** Rename the new default file to its correct name.*/if (rename (new_file, USER_DEFAULTS_FILE) != 0) {int err = errno;fprintf (stderr,_("%s: rename: %s: %s\n"),Prog, new_file, strerror (err));return -1;}
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_USYS_CONFIG, Prog,"changing useradd defaults",NULL, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endifSYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,"useradd defaults: GROUP=%u, HOME=%s, SHELL=%s, INACTIVE=%ld, ""EXPIRE=%s, SKEL=%s, CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s",(unsigned int) def_group, def_home, def_shell,def_inactive, def_expire, def_template,def_create_mail_spool));return 0;
}/** get_groups - convert a list of group names to an array of group IDs** get_groups() takes a comma-separated list of group names and* converts it to a NULL-terminated array. Any unknown group* names are reported as errors.*/
static int get_groups (char *list)
{char *cp;const struct group *grp;int errors = 0;int ngroups = 0;if ('\0' == *list) {return 0;}/** So long as there is some data to be converted, strip off* each name and look it up. A mix of numerical and string* values for group identifiers is permitted.*/do {/** Strip off a single name from the list*/cp = strchr (list, ',');if (NULL != cp) {*cp++ = '\0';}/** Names starting with digits are treated as numerical* GID values, otherwise the string is looked up as is.*/grp = getgr_nam_gid (list);/** There must be a match, either by GID value or by* string name.* FIXME: It should exist according to gr_locate,* otherwise, we can't change its members*/if (NULL == grp) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"),Prog, list);errors++;}list = cp;/** If the group doesn't exist, don't dump core...* Instead, try the next one. --marekm*/if (NULL == grp) {continue;}#ifdef USE_NIS/** Don't add this group if they are an NIS group. Tell* the user to go to the server for this group.*/if (__isgrNIS ()) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: group '%s' is a NIS group.\n"),Prog, grp->gr_name);continue;}
#endifif (ngroups == sys_ngroups) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"),Prog, ngroups);break;}/** Add the group name to the user's list of groups.*/user_groups[ngroups++] = xstrdup (grp->gr_name);} while (NULL != list);user_groups[ngroups] = (char *) 0;/** Any errors in finding group names are fatal*/if (0 != errors) {return -1;}return 0;
}/** usage - display usage message and exit*/
static void usage (int status)
{FILE *usageout = (E_SUCCESS != status) ? stderr : stdout;(void) fprintf (usageout,_("Usage: %s [options] LOGIN\n"" %s -D\n"" %s -D [options]\n""\n""Options:\n"),Prog, Prog, Prog);(void) fputs (_(" -b, --base-dir BASE_DIR base directory for the home directory of the\n"" new account\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -c, --comment COMMENT GECOS field of the new account\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -d, --home-dir HOME_DIR home directory of the new account\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -D, --defaults print or change default useradd configuration\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE expiration date of the new account\n"), usageout);(void) fprintf (usageout,(" -E, --Encrypt-method METHOD the crypt method (one of %s)\n"),
#ifndef USE_SHA_CRYPT"NONE DES MD5"
#else /* USE_SHA_CRYPT */"NONE DES MD5 SHA256 SHA512"
#endif /* USE_SHA_CRYPT */);(void) fputs (_(" -f, --inactive INACTIVE password inactivity period of the new account\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -g, --gid GROUP name or ID of the primary group of the new\n"" account\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -G, --groups GROUPS list of supplementary groups of the new\n"" account\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -h, --help display this help message and exit\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -k, --skel SKEL_DIR use this alternative skeleton directory\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -K, --key KEY=VALUE override /etc/login.defs defaults\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -l, --no-log-init do not add the user to the lastlog and\n"" faillog databases\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -m, --create-home create the user's home directory\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -M, --no-create-home do not create the user's home directory\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -N, --no-user-group do not create a group with the same name as\n"" the user\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -o, --non-unique allow to create users with duplicate\n"" (non-unique) UID\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -p, --password PASSWORD encrypted password of the new account\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -r, --system create a system account\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -R, --root CHROOT_DIR directory to chroot into\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -s, --shell SHELL login shell of the new account\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -u, --uid UID user ID of the new account\n"), usageout);(void) fputs (_(" -U, --user-group create a group with the same name as the user\n"), usageout);
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX(void) fputs (_(" -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER use a specific SEUSER for the SELinux user mapping\n"), usageout);
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */(void) fputs ("\n", usageout);exit (status);
}/** new_pwent - initialize the values in a password file entry** new_pwent() takes all of the values that have been entered and* fills in a (struct passwd) with them.*/
static void new_pwent (struct passwd *pwent)
{memzero (pwent, sizeof *pwent);pwent->pw_name = (char *) user_name;if (is_shadow_pwd) {pwent->pw_passwd = (char *) SHADOW_PASSWD_STRING;} else {pwent->pw_passwd = (char *) user_pass;}pwent->pw_uid = user_id;pwent->pw_gid = user_gid;pwent->pw_gecos = (char *) user_comment;pwent->pw_dir = (char *) user_home;pwent->pw_shell = (char *) user_shell;
}static long scale_age (long x)
{if (x <= 0) {return x;}return x * (DAY / SCALE);
}/** new_spent - initialize the values in a shadow password file entry** new_spent() takes all of the values that have been entered and* fills in a (struct spwd) with them.*/
static void new_spent (struct spwd *spent)
{memzero (spent, sizeof *spent);spent->sp_namp = (char *) user_name;spent->sp_pwdp = (char *) user_pass;spent->sp_lstchg = (long) time ((time_t *) 0) / SCALE;if (0 == spent->sp_lstchg) {/* Better disable aging than requiring a password change */spent->sp_lstchg = -1;}if (!rflg) {spent->sp_min = scale_age (getdef_num ("PASS_MIN_DAYS", -1));spent->sp_max = scale_age (getdef_num ("PASS_MAX_DAYS", -1));spent->sp_warn = scale_age (getdef_num ("PASS_WARN_AGE", -1));spent->sp_inact = scale_age (def_inactive);spent->sp_expire = scale_age (user_expire);} else {spent->sp_min = -1;spent->sp_max = -1;spent->sp_warn = -1;spent->sp_inact = -1;spent->sp_expire = -1;}spent->sp_flag = SHADOW_SP_FLAG_UNSET;
}/** grp_update - add user to secondary group set** grp_update() takes the secondary group set given in user_groups* and adds the user to each group given by that set.** The group files are opened and locked in open_files().** close_files() should be called afterwards to commit the changes* and unlocking the group files.*/
static void grp_update (void)
{const struct group *grp;struct group *ngrp;#ifdef SHADOWGRPconst struct sgrp *sgrp;struct sgrp *nsgrp;
#endif/** Scan through the entire group file looking for the groups that* the user is a member of.* FIXME: we currently do not check that all groups of user_groups* were completed with the new user.*/for (gr_rewind (), grp = gr_next (); NULL != grp; grp = gr_next ()) {/** See if the user specified this group as one of their* concurrent groups.*/if (!is_on_list (user_groups, grp->gr_name)) {continue;}/** Make a copy - gr_update() will free() everything* from the old entry, and we need it later.*/ngrp = __gr_dup (grp);if (NULL == ngrp) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: Out of memory. Cannot update %s.\n"),Prog, gr_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", gr_dbname (), user_name));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user to group",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); /* XXX */}/* * Add the username to the list of group members and* update the group entry to reflect the change.*/ngrp->gr_mem = add_list (ngrp->gr_mem, user_name);if (gr_update (ngrp) == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),Prog, gr_dbname (), ngrp->gr_name);SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", gr_dbname (), user_name));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user to group",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);}
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user to group",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endifSYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,"add '%s' to group '%s'",user_name, ngrp->gr_name));}#ifdef SHADOWGRPif (!is_shadow_grp)return;/** Scan through the entire shadow group file looking for the groups* that the user is a member of. The administrative list isn't* modified.*/for (sgr_rewind (), sgrp = sgr_next (); NULL != sgrp; sgrp = sgr_next ()) {/** See if the user specified this group as one of their* concurrent groups.* FIXME: is it really needed?* This would be important only if the group is in* user_groups. All these groups should be checked* for existence with gr_locate already.*/if (gr_locate (sgrp->sg_name) == NULL) {continue;}if (!is_on_list (user_groups, sgrp->sg_name)) {continue;}/** Make a copy - sgr_update() will free() everything* from the old entry, and we need it later.*/nsgrp = __sgr_dup (sgrp);if (NULL == nsgrp) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: Out of memory. Cannot update %s.\n"),Prog, sgr_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", sgr_dbname (), user_name));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user to shadow group",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); /* XXX */}/* * Add the username to the list of group members and* update the group entry to reflect the change.*/nsgrp->sg_mem = add_list (nsgrp->sg_mem, user_name);if (sgr_update (nsgrp) == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),Prog, sgr_dbname (), nsgrp->sg_name);SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", sgr_dbname (), user_name));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user to shadow group",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);}
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user to shadow group",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endifSYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,"add '%s' to shadow group '%s'",user_name, nsgrp->sg_name));}
#endif /* SHADOWGRP */
}/** process_flags - perform command line argument setting** process_flags() interprets the command line arguments and sets* the values that the user will be created with accordingly. The* values are checked for sanity.*/
static void process_flags (int argc, char **argv)
{const struct group *grp;bool anyflag = false;char *cp;{/** Parse the command line options.*/int c;static struct option long_options[] = {{"base-dir", required_argument, NULL, 'b'},{"comment", required_argument, NULL, 'c'}, {"home-dir", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},{"defaults", no_argument, NULL, 'D'},{"expiredate", required_argument, NULL, 'e'},{"encrypt-method", required_argument, NULL, 'E'},{"inactive", required_argument, NULL, 'f'},{"gid", required_argument, NULL, 'g'},{"groups", required_argument, NULL, 'G'},{"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},{"skel", required_argument, NULL, 'k'},{"key", required_argument, NULL, 'K'},{"no-log-init", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},{"create-home", no_argument, NULL, 'm'},{"no-create-home", no_argument, NULL, 'M'},{"no-user-group", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},{"non-unique", no_argument, NULL, 'o'},{"password", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},{"system", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},{"root", required_argument, NULL, 'R'},{"shell", required_argument, NULL, 's'},{"uid", required_argument, NULL, 'u'},{"user-group", no_argument, NULL, 'U'},
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX{"selinux-user", required_argument, NULL, 'Z'},
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */ {NULL, 0, NULL, '\0'}};while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv,
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX"b:c:d:De:E:f:g:G:hk:K:lmMNop:rR:s:u:UZ:",
#else /* !WITH_SELINUX */"b:c:d:De:E:f:g:G:hk:K:lmMNop:rR:s:u:U",
#endif /* !WITH_SELINUX */long_options, NULL)) != -1) {switch (c) {case 'b':if ( ( !VALID (optarg) )|| ( optarg[0] != '/' )) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: invalid base directory '%s'\n"),Prog, optarg);exit (E_BAD_ARG);}def_home = optarg;bflg = true;break;case 'c':if (!VALID (optarg)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: invalid comment '%s'\n"),Prog, optarg);exit (E_BAD_ARG);}user_comment = optarg;cflg = true;break;case 'd':if ( ( !VALID (optarg) )|| ( optarg[0] != '/' )) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: invalid home directory '%s'\n"),Prog, optarg);exit (E_BAD_ARG);}user_home = optarg;dflg = true;break;case 'D':if (anyflag) {usage (E_USAGE);}Dflg = true;break;case 'e':if ('\0' != *optarg) {user_expire = strtoday (optarg);if (user_expire < -1) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: invalid date '%s'\n"),Prog, optarg);exit (E_BAD_ARG);}} else {user_expire = -1;}/** -e "" is allowed without /etc/shadow* (it's a no-op in such case)*/if ((-1 != user_expire) && !is_shadow_pwd) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"),Prog);exit (E_USAGE);}if (Dflg) {def_expire = optarg;}eflg = true;break;case 'E':crypt_method = optarg;break;case 'f':if ( (getlong (optarg, &def_inactive) == 0)|| (def_inactive < -1)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: invalid numeric argument '%s'\n"),Prog, optarg);exit (E_BAD_ARG);}/** -f -1 is allowed* it's a no-op without /etc/shadow*/if ((-1 != def_inactive) && !is_shadow_pwd) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"),Prog);exit (E_USAGE);}fflg = true;break;case 'g':grp = getgr_nam_gid (optarg);if (NULL == grp) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"),Prog, optarg);exit (E_NOTFOUND);}if (Dflg) {def_group = grp->gr_gid;def_gname = optarg;} else {user_gid = grp->gr_gid;}gflg = true;break;case 'G':if (get_groups (optarg) != 0) {exit (E_NOTFOUND);}if (NULL != user_groups[0]) {do_grp_update = true;}Gflg = true;break;case 'h':usage (E_SUCCESS);break;case 'k':def_template = optarg;kflg = true;break;case 'K':/** override login.defs defaults (-K name=value)* example: -K UID_MIN=100 -K UID_MAX=499* note: -K UID_MIN=10,UID_MAX=499 doesn't work yet*/cp = strchr (optarg, '=');if (NULL == cp) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: -K requires KEY=VALUE\n"),Prog);exit (E_BAD_ARG);}/* terminate name, point to value */*cp = '\0';cp++;if (putdef_str (optarg, cp) < 0) {exit (E_BAD_ARG);}break;case 'l':lflg = true;break;case 'm':mflg = true;break;case 'M':Mflg = true;break;case 'N':Nflg = true;break;case 'o':oflg = true;break;case 'p': /* set encrypted password */if (!VALID (optarg)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: invalid field '%s'\n"),Prog, optarg);exit (E_BAD_ARG);}user_pass = optarg;break;case 'r':rflg = true;break;case 'R': /* no-op, handled in process_root_flag () */break;case 's':if ( ( !VALID (optarg) )|| ( ('\0' != optarg[0])&& ('/' != optarg[0])&& ('*' != optarg[0]) )) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: invalid shell '%s'\n"),Prog, optarg);exit (E_BAD_ARG);}user_shell = optarg;def_shell = optarg;sflg = true;break;case 'u':if ( (get_uid (optarg, &user_id) == 0)|| (user_id == (gid_t)-1)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: invalid user ID '%s'\n"),Prog, optarg);exit (E_BAD_ARG);}uflg = true;break;case 'U':Uflg = true;break;
#ifdef WITH_SELINUXcase 'Z':if (is_selinux_enabled () > 0) {user_selinux = optarg;} else {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: -Z requires SELinux enabled kernel\n"),Prog);exit (E_BAD_ARG);}break;
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */default:usage (E_USAGE);}anyflag = true;}}if (!gflg && !Nflg && !Uflg) {/* Get the settings from login.defs */Uflg = getdef_bool ("USERGROUPS_ENAB");}/** Certain options are only valid in combination with others.* Check it here so that they can be specified in any order.*/if (oflg && !uflg) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: %s flag is only allowed with the %s flag\n"),Prog, "-o", "-u");usage (E_USAGE);}if (kflg && !mflg) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: %s flag is only allowed with the %s flag\n"),Prog, "-k", "-m");usage (E_USAGE);}if (Uflg && gflg) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: options %s and %s conflict\n"),Prog, "-U", "-g");usage (E_USAGE);}if (Uflg && Nflg) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: options %s and %s conflict\n"),Prog, "-U", "-N");usage (E_USAGE);}if (mflg && Mflg) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: options %s and %s conflict\n"),Prog, "-m", "-M");usage (E_USAGE);}/** Either -D or username is required. Defaults can be set with -D* for the -b, -e, -f, -g, -s options only.*/if (Dflg) {if (optind != argc) {usage (E_USAGE);}if (uflg || Gflg || dflg || cflg || mflg) {usage (E_USAGE);}} else {if (optind != argc - 1) {usage (E_USAGE);}user_name = argv[optind];if (!is_valid_user_name (user_name)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"),Prog, user_name);
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endifexit (E_BAD_ARG);}if (!dflg) {char *uh;size_t len = strlen (def_home) + strlen (user_name) + 2;int wlen;uh = xmalloc (len);wlen = snprintf (uh, len, "%s/%s", def_home, user_name);assert (wlen == (int) len -1);user_home = uh;}}if (!eflg) {user_expire = strtoday (def_expire);}if (!gflg) {user_gid = def_group;}if (!sflg) {user_shell = def_shell;}create_mail_spool = def_create_mail_spool;if (!rflg) {/* for system accounts defaults are ignored and we* do not create a home dir */if (getdef_bool ("CREATE_HOME")) {mflg = true;}}if (Mflg) {/* absolutely sure that we do not create home dirs */mflg = false;}
}/** close_files - close all of the files that were opened** close_files() closes all of the files that were opened for this* new user. This causes any modified entries to be written out.*/
static void close_files (void)
{if (pw_close () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", pw_dbname ()));fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);}if (is_shadow_pwd && (spw_close () == 0)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", spw_dbname ()));fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);}if (do_grp_update) {if (gr_close () == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", gr_dbname ()));fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);}
#ifdef SHADOWGRPif (is_shadow_grp && (sgr_close () == 0)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"),Prog, sgr_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sgr_dbname ()));fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);}
#endif}
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDSif (is_sub_uid && (sub_uid_close () == 0)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sub_uid_dbname ()));fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);}if (is_sub_gid && (sub_gid_close () == 0)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sub_gid_dbname ()));fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */if (is_shadow_pwd) {if (spw_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", spw_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking shadow file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}spw_locked = false;}if (pw_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", pw_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking passwd file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}pw_locked = false;if (gr_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", gr_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking group file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}gr_locked = false;
#ifdef SHADOWGRPif (is_shadow_grp) {if (sgr_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sgr_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking gshadow file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}sgr_locked = false;}
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDSif (is_sub_uid) {if (sub_uid_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_uid_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking subordinate user file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}sub_uid_locked = false;}if (is_sub_gid) {if (sub_gid_unlock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_gid_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"unlocking subordinate group file",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif/* continue */}sub_gid_locked = false;}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
}/** open_files - lock and open the password files** open_files() opens the two password files.*/
static void open_files (void)
{if (pw_lock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),Prog, pw_dbname ());exit (E_PW_UPDATE);}pw_locked = true;if (pw_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ());fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);}/* shadow file will be opened by open_shadow(); *//** Lock and open the group file.*/if (gr_lock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),Prog, gr_dbname ());fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);}gr_locked = true;if (gr_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ());fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);}
#ifdef SHADOWGRPif (is_shadow_grp) {if (sgr_lock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),Prog, sgr_dbname ());fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);}sgr_locked = true;if (sgr_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot open %s\n"),Prog, sgr_dbname ());fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);}}
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDSif (is_sub_uid) {if (sub_uid_lock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);}sub_uid_locked = true;if (sub_uid_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot open %s\n"),Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);}}if (is_sub_gid) {if (sub_gid_lock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);}sub_gid_locked = true;if (sub_gid_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot open %s\n"),Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);}}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
}static void open_shadow (void)
{if (!is_shadow_pwd) {return;}if (spw_lock () == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),Prog, spw_dbname ());fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);}spw_locked = true;if (spw_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot open %s\n"),Prog, spw_dbname ());fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);}
}static char *empty_list = NULL;/** new_grent - initialize the values in a group file entry** new_grent() takes all of the values that have been entered and fills* in a (struct group) with them.*/static void new_grent (struct group *grent)
{memzero (grent, sizeof *grent);grent->gr_name = (char *) user_name;
#ifdef SHADOWGRPif (is_shadow_grp) {grent->gr_passwd = SHADOW_PASSWD_STRING; /* XXX warning: const */} else
#endif /* SHADOWGRP */{grent->gr_passwd = "!"; /* XXX warning: const */}grent->gr_gid = user_gid;grent->gr_mem = &empty_list;
}#ifdef SHADOWGRP
/** new_sgent - initialize the values in a shadow group file entry** new_sgent() takes all of the values that have been entered and fills* in a (struct sgrp) with them.*/static void new_sgent (struct sgrp *sgent)
{memzero (sgent, sizeof *sgent);sgent->sg_name = (char *) user_name;sgent->sg_passwd = "!"; /* XXX warning: const */sgent->sg_adm = &empty_list;sgent->sg_mem = &empty_list;
}
#endif /* SHADOWGRP *//** grp_add - add new group file entries** grp_add() writes the new records to the group files.*/static void grp_add (void)
{struct group grp;#ifdef SHADOWGRPstruct sgrp sgrp;
#endif /* SHADOWGRP *//** Create the initial entries for this new group.*/new_grent (&grp);
#ifdef SHADOWGRPnew_sgent (&sgrp);
#endif /* SHADOWGRP *//** Write out the new group file entry.*/if (gr_update (&grp) == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),Prog, gr_dbname (), grp.gr_name);
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_GROUP, Prog,"adding group",grp.gr_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);}
#ifdef SHADOWGRP/** Write out the new shadow group entries as well.*/if (is_shadow_grp && (sgr_update (&sgrp) == 0)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),Prog, sgr_dbname (), sgrp.sg_name);
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_GROUP, Prog,"adding group",grp.gr_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);}
#endif /* SHADOWGRP */SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "new group: name=%s, GID=%u", user_name, user_gid));
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_GROUP, Prog,"adding group",grp.gr_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endifdo_grp_update = true;
}static void faillog_reset (uid_t uid)
{struct faillog fl;int fd;off_t offset_uid = (off_t) (sizeof fl) * uid;if (access (FAILLOG_FILE, F_OK) != 0) {return;}memzero (&fl, sizeof (fl));fd = open (FAILLOG_FILE, O_RDWR);if ( (-1 == fd)|| (lseek (fd, offset_uid, SEEK_SET) != offset_uid)|| (write (fd, &fl, sizeof (fl)) != (ssize_t) sizeof (fl))|| (fsync (fd) != 0)|| (close (fd) != 0)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failed to reset the faillog entry of UID %lu: %s\n"),Prog, (unsigned long) uid, strerror (errno));SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "failed to reset the faillog entry of UID %lu", (unsigned long) uid));/* continue */}
}static void lastlog_reset (uid_t uid)
{struct lastlog ll;int fd;off_t offset_uid = (off_t) (sizeof ll) * uid;if (access (LASTLOG_FILE, F_OK) != 0) {return;}memzero (&ll, sizeof (ll));fd = open (LASTLOG_FILE, O_RDWR);if ( (-1 == fd)|| (lseek (fd, offset_uid, SEEK_SET) != offset_uid)|| (write (fd, &ll, sizeof (ll)) != (ssize_t) sizeof (ll))|| (fsync (fd) != 0)|| (close (fd) != 0)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failed to reset the lastlog entry of UID %lu: %s\n"),Prog, (unsigned long) uid, strerror (errno));SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "failed to reset the lastlog entry of UID %lu", (unsigned long) uid));/* continue */}
}/** usr_update - create the user entries** usr_update() creates the password file entries for this user* and will update the group entries if required.*/
static void usr_update (void)
{struct passwd pwent;struct spwd spent;/** Fill in the password structure with any new fields, making* copies of strings.*/new_pwent (&pwent);new_spent (&spent);/** Create a syslog entry. We need to do this now in case anything* happens so we know what we were trying to accomplish.*/SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,"new user: name=%s, UID=%u, GID=%u, home=%s, shell=%s",user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,(unsigned int) user_gid, user_home, user_shell));/** Initialize faillog and lastlog entries for this UID in case* it belongs to a previously deleted user. We do it only if* no user with this UID exists yet (entries for shared UIDs* are left unchanged). --marekm*//* local, no need for xgetpwuid */if ((!lflg) && (getpwuid (user_id) == NULL)) {faillog_reset (user_id);lastlog_reset (user_id);}/** Put the new (struct passwd) in the table.*/if (pw_update (&pwent) == 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),Prog, pw_dbname (), pwent.pw_name);fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);}/** Put the new (struct spwd) in the table.*/if (is_shadow_pwd && (spw_update (&spent) == 0)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),Prog, spw_dbname (), spent.sp_namp);
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding shadow password",user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);}
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDSif (is_sub_uid &&(sub_uid_add(user_name, sub_uid_start, sub_uid_count) == 0)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry\n"),Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);}if (is_sub_gid &&(sub_gid_add(user_name, sub_gid_start, sub_gid_count) == 0)) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry\n"),Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user",user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif/** Do any group file updates for this user.*/if (do_grp_update) {grp_update ();}
}/** create_home - create the user's home directory** create_home() creates the user's home directory if it does not* already exist. It will be created mode 755 owned by the user* with the user's default group.*/
static void create_home (void)
{if (access (user_home, F_OK) != 0) {
#ifdef WITH_SELINUXif (set_selinux_file_context (user_home) != 0) {fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);}
#endif/* XXX - create missing parent directories. --marekm */if (mkdir (user_home, 0) != 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: cannot create directory %s\n"),Prog, user_home);
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding home directory",user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);}chown (user_home, user_id, user_gid);chmod (user_home,0777 & ~getdef_num ("UMASK", GETDEF_DEFAULT_UMASK));home_added = true;
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding home directory",user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX/* Reset SELinux to create files with default contexts */if (reset_selinux_file_context () != 0) {fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);}
#endif}
}/** create_mail - create the user's mail spool** create_mail() creates the user's mail spool if it does not already* exist. It will be created mode 660 owned by the user and group* 'mail'*/
static void create_mail (void)
{if (strcasecmp (create_mail_spool, "yes") == 0) {const char *spool;char *file;int fd;struct group *gr;gid_t gid;mode_t mode;spool = getdef_str ("MAIL_DIR");if (NULL == spool) {spool = "/var/mail";}file = alloca (strlen (spool) + strlen (user_name) + 2);sprintf (file, "%s/%s", spool, user_name);fd = open (file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_EXCL, 0);if (fd < 0) {perror (_("Creating mailbox file"));return;}gr = getgrnam ("mail"); /* local, no need for xgetgrnam */if (NULL == gr) {fputs (_("Group 'mail' not found. Creating the user mailbox file with 0600 mode.\n"),stderr);gid = user_gid;mode = 0600;} else {gid = gr->gr_gid;mode = 0660;}if ( (fchown (fd, user_id, gid) != 0)|| (fchmod (fd, mode) != 0)) {perror (_("Setting mailbox file permissions"));}fsync (fd);close (fd);}
}/** encrypt_passwd - encrypt user's passwd* * for the convenience of using the useradd command, * we have extended the encryption generation of passwords * (the default input password may be a prerequisite for plaintext)**/static const char *encrypt_passwd(const char *passwd)
{if(passwd == NULL){fprintf (stderr,_("%s: Invalid passwd,you need check again.\n"), Prog);return NULL;}/* METHOD: NONE | DES | MD5 | SHA256 | SHA512 */if((0 != strcmp (crypt_method, "NONE"))){void *arg = NULL;#ifdef USE_SHA_CRYPTif ((0 == strcmp(crypt_method, "SHA256"))||(0 == strcmp(crypt_method, "SHA512"))){arg = &sha_rounds;}
#endifchar *salt = crypt_make_salt(crypt_method, arg);return pw_encrypt(passwd, salt);}elsereturn passwd;
}/** main - useradd command*/
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
#ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID
#ifdef USE_PAMpam_handle_t *pamh = NULL;int retval;
#endif /* USE_PAM */
#endif /* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDSuid_t uid_min = (uid_t) getdef_ulong ("UID_MIN", 1000UL);uid_t uid_max = (uid_t) getdef_ulong ("UID_MAX", 60000UL);
#endif/** Get my name so that I can use it to report errors.*/Prog = Basename (argv[0]);(void) setlocale (LC_ALL, "");(void) bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);(void) textdomain (PACKAGE);process_root_flag ("-R", argc, argv);OPENLOG ("useradd");
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_help_open ();
#endifsys_ngroups = sysconf (_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);user_groups = (char **) xmalloc ((1 + sys_ngroups) * sizeof (char *));/** Initialize the list to be empty*/user_groups[0] = (char *) 0;is_shadow_pwd = spw_file_present ();
#ifdef SHADOWGRPis_shadow_grp = sgr_file_present ();
#endifprocess_flags (argc, argv);user_pass = encrypt_passwd(user_pass);/* Password plaintext to ciphertext */#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDSis_sub_uid = sub_uid_file_present () && !rflg &&(!user_id || (user_id <= uid_max && user_id >= uid_min));is_sub_gid = sub_gid_file_present () && !rflg &&(!user_id || (user_id <= uid_max && user_id >= uid_min));
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */get_defaults ();#ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID
#ifdef USE_PAM{struct passwd *pampw;pampw = getpwuid (getuid ()); /* local, no need for xgetpwuid */if (pampw == NULL) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: Cannot determine your user name.\n"),Prog);fail_exit (1);}retval = pam_start ("useradd", pampw->pw_name, &conv, &pamh);}if (PAM_SUCCESS == retval) {retval = pam_authenticate (pamh, 0);}if (PAM_SUCCESS == retval) {retval = pam_acct_mgmt (pamh, 0);}if (PAM_SUCCESS != retval) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: PAM: %s\n"),Prog, pam_strerror (pamh, retval));SYSLOG((LOG_ERR, "%s", pam_strerror (pamh, retval)));if (NULL != pamh) {(void) pam_end (pamh, retval);}fail_exit (1);}(void) pam_end (pamh, retval);
#endif /* USE_PAM */
#endif /* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID *//** See if we are messing with the defaults file, or creating* a new user.*/if (Dflg) {if (gflg || bflg || fflg || eflg || sflg) {exit ((set_defaults () != 0) ? 1 : 0);}show_defaults ();exit (E_SUCCESS);}/** Start with a quick check to see if the user exists.*/if (getpwnam (user_name) != NULL) { /* local, no need for xgetpwnam */fprintf (stderr, _("%s: user '%s' already exists\n"), Prog, user_name);
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_NAME_IN_USE);}/** Don't blindly overwrite a group when a user is added...* If you already have a group username, and want to add the user* to that group, use useradd -g username username.* --bero*/if (Uflg) {/* local, no need for xgetgrnam */if (getgrnam (user_name) != NULL) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"),Prog, user_name);
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding group",user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_NAME_IN_USE);}}/** Do the hard stuff:* - open the files,* - create the user entries,* - create the home directory,* - create user mail spool,* - flush nscd caches for passwd and group services,* - then close and update the files.*/open_files ();if (!oflg) {/* first, seek for a valid uid to use for this user.* We do this because later we can use the uid we found as* gid too ... --gafton */if (!uflg) {if (find_new_uid (rflg, &user_id, NULL) < 0) {fprintf (stderr, _("%s: can't create user\n"), Prog);fail_exit (E_UID_IN_USE);}} else {if (getpwuid (user_id) != NULL) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: UID %lu is not unique\n"),Prog, (unsigned long) user_id);
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding user",user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endiffail_exit (E_UID_IN_USE);}}}#ifdef WITH_TCBif (getdef_bool ("USE_TCB")) {if (shadowtcb_create (user_name, user_id) == SHADOWTCB_FAILURE) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: Failed to create tcb directory for %s\n"),Prog, user_name);fail_exit (E_UID_IN_USE);}}
#endifopen_shadow ();/* do we have to add a group for that user? This is why we need to* open the group files in the open_files() function --gafton */if (Uflg) {if (find_new_gid (rflg, &user_gid, &user_id) < 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: can't create group\n"),Prog);fail_exit (4);}grp_add ();}#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDSif (is_sub_uid) {if (find_new_sub_uids(user_name, &sub_uid_start, &sub_uid_count) < 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: can't create subordinate user IDs\n"),Prog);fail_exit(E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);}}if (is_sub_gid) {if (find_new_sub_gids(user_name, &sub_gid_start, &sub_gid_count) < 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: can't create subordinate group IDs\n"),Prog);fail_exit(E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);}}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */usr_update ();if (mflg) {create_home ();if (home_added) {copy_tree (def_template, user_home, false, false,(uid_t)-1, user_id, (gid_t)-1, user_gid);} else {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: warning: the home directory already exists.\n""Not copying any file from skel directory into it.\n"),Prog);}}/* Do not create mail directory for system accounts */if (!rflg) {create_mail ();}close_files ();#ifdef WITH_SELINUXif (Zflg) {if (set_seuser (user_name, user_selinux) != 0) {fprintf (stderr,_("%s: warning: the user name %s to %s SELinux user mapping failed.\n"),Prog, user_name, user_selinux);
#ifdef WITH_AUDITaudit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,"adding SELinux user mapping",user_name, (unsigned int) user_id, 0);
#endif /* WITH_AUDIT */fail_exit (E_SE_UPDATE);}}
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */nscd_flush_cache ("passwd");nscd_flush_cache ("group");return E_SUCCESS;
}至此，useradd事件告一段落。
