| a、条件
select * from 表 where id > 1 and name != 'alex' and num = 12;
select * from 表 where id between 5 and 16;
select * from 表 where id in (11,22,33)
select * from 表 where id not in (11,22,33)
select * from 表 where id in (select nid from 表)
b、通配符
select * from 表 where name like 'ale%' - ale开头的所有（多个字符串）
select * from 表 where name like 'ale_' - ale开头的所有（一个字符）
c、限制
select * from 表 limit 5; - 前5行
select * from 表 limit 4,5; - 从第4行开始的5行
select * from 表 limit 5 offset 4 - 从第4行开始的5行
d、排序
select * from 表 order by 列 asc - 根据 “列” 从小到大排列
select * from 表 order by 列 desc - 根据 “列” 从大到小排列
select * from 表 order by 列1 desc,列2 asc - 根据 “列1” 从大到小排列，如果相同则按列2从小到大排序
e、分组
select num from 表 group by num
select num,nid from 表 group by num,nid
select num,nid from 表 where nid > 10 group by num,nid order nid desc
select num,nid,count(*),sum(score),max(score),min(score) from 表 group by num,nid
select num from 表 group by num having max(id) > 10
特别的：group by 必须在where之后，order by之前
f、连表
无对应关系则不显示
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A,B
Where A.nid = B.nid
无对应关系则不显示
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A inner join B
on A.nid = B.nid
A表所有显示，如果B中无对应关系，则值为null
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A left join B
on A.nid = B.nid
B表所有显示，如果B中无对应关系，则值为null
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A right join B
on A.nid = B.nid
g、组合
组合，自动处理重合
select nickname
from A
union
select name
from B
组合，不处理重合
select nickname
from A
union all
select name
from B
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