Kubernetes的minikube-编程知识

文章目录

环境
概述
准备
安装
启动
和集群交互
dashboard
创建deployment
创建service
启用addon
清理
参考

环境

RHEL 9.3
Docker Community 24.0.7
miniKube v1.32.0

概述

minikube可以快速的在macOS、Linux和Windows上搭建本地的Kubernetes集群，帮助Kubernetes小白快速上手。

准备

需要准备好容器/虚拟机管理器，比如Docker，Podman等，本文使用Docker。

要在RHEL安装Docker，可以参考官网（ https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos ），也可以参考我另一篇文档（ https://blog.csdn.net/duke_ding2/article/details/135208607 ）。

安装

打开浏览器，访问 https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start ，选择适当的选项：

在这里插入图片描述
生成curl和install命令如下：

curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube

分别运行这两条命令，下载并安装minikube。

启动

minikube start

报错如下：

$ minikube start
😄  minikube v1.32.0 on Redhat 9.3
✨  Automatically selected the docker driver. Other choices: none, ssh⛔  Exiting due to RSRC_INSUFFICIENT_CONTAINER_MEMORY: docker only has 1731MiB available, less than the required 1800MiB for Kubernetes

看起来是内存不够用：

$ free -mtotal        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            1731        1339         114          17         445         392
Swap:           2051         200        1851

我使用的是虚拟机，内存是2GB。加大到3GB：

$ free -mtotal        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            2755        1436        1055          18         499        1318
Swap:           2051         200        1851

再次尝试启动minikube：

$ minikube start
😄  minikube v1.32.0 on Redhat 9.3
✨  Automatically selected the docker driver. Other choices: ssh, none🧯  The requested memory allocation of 2200MiB does not leave room for system overhead (total system memory: 2755MiB). You may face stability issues.
💡  Suggestion: Start minikube with less memory allocated: 'minikube start --memory=2200mb'📌  Using Docker driver with root privileges
👍  Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
🚜  Pulling base image ...
💾  Downloading Kubernetes v1.28.3 preload ...> preloaded-images-k8s-v18-v1...:  403.35 MiB / 403.35 MiB  100.00% 16.12 M> index.docker.io/kicbase/sta...:  453.89 MiB / 453.90 MiB  100.00% 1.51 Mi
❗  minikube was unable to download gcr.io/k8s-minikube/kicbase:v0.0.42, but successfully downloaded docker.io/kicbase/stable:v0.0.42 as a fallback image
🔥  Creating docker container (CPUs=2, Memory=2200MB) ...
🐳  Preparing Kubernetes v1.28.3 on Docker 24.0.7 ...▪ Generating certificates and keys ...▪ Booting up control plane ...▪ Configuring RBAC rules ...
🔗  Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ...▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5
🔎  Verifying Kubernetes components...
🌟  Enabled addons: storage-provisioner, default-storageclass
💡  kubectl not found. If you need it, try: 'minikube kubectl -- get pods -A'
🏄  Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default

这次启动成功了，但提示说3GB内存还是不太够用，后来我把虚拟机内存增大到了4GB，就不再警告了。

另外，minikube启动特别慢，因为要pull image。为了提高效率，可以指定国内镜像：

minikube start --image-mirror-country='cn'

本文中，没有使用国内镜像。

和集群交互

输出里还有一个消息，说是没找到 kubectl ，有两种解决办法：

使用 minikube kubectl -- 来代替。为了省事，可以设置别名：

alias kubectl="minikube kubectl --"

也可以直接下载一个 kubectl ：

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl

注：如果下载太慢，可以直接找一个现成的。

我使用的第二种方法。

查看 kubectl 版本：

$ kubectl version
Client Version: v1.29.0
Kustomize Version: v5.0.4-0.20230601165947-6ce0bf390ce3
Server Version: v1.28.3

通过 kubectl ，就可以和集群交互了，比如：

$ kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
kube-system   coredns-5dd5756b68-mlw2h           1/1     Running   1 (14m ago)   16m
kube-system   etcd-minikube                      1/1     Running   1 (14m ago)   16m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-minikube            1/1     Running   1 (12m ago)   16m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-minikube   1/1     Running   1 (14m ago)   16m
kube-system   kube-proxy-7n9sj                   1/1     Running   1 (14m ago)   16m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-minikube            1/1     Running   1 (14m ago)   16m
kube-system   storage-provisioner                1/1     Running   3 (12m ago)   16m

$ kubectl get deployment -A
NAMESPACE     NAME      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kube-system   coredns   1/1     1            1           17m

dashboard

（注：如果Linux服务器没有安装图形界面，而且在客户端浏览器也无法直接访问服务器的私有IP地址，则可以通过正向或反向代理，在客户端的浏览器访问服务器的私有IP地址，具体操作可参见我另一篇文档 https://blog.csdn.net/duke_ding2/article/details/135627263 。）

启动dashboard：

$ minikube dashboard
🔌  Enabling dashboard ...▪ Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0▪ Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
💡  Some dashboard features require the metrics-server addon. To enable all features please run:minikube addons enable metrics-server	🤔  Verifying dashboard health ...
🚀  Launching proxy ...
🤔  Verifying proxy health ...
🎉  Opening http://127.0.0.1:35853/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...

注意：由于连接国外网络问题，会花很长时间。在等待的时候，可以在另一个终端窗口查看pod：

$ kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE              NAME                                         READY   STATUS              RESTARTS      AGE
kube-system            coredns-5dd5756b68-mlw2h                     1/1     Running             1 (18m ago)   20m
kube-system            etcd-minikube                                1/1     Running             1 (19m ago)   20m
kube-system            kube-apiserver-minikube                      1/1     Running             1 (17m ago)   20m
kube-system            kube-controller-manager-minikube             1/1     Running             1 (19m ago)   20m
kube-system            kube-proxy-7n9sj                             1/1     Running             1 (19m ago)   20m
kube-system            kube-scheduler-minikube                      1/1     Running             1 (19m ago)   20m
kube-system            storage-provisioner                          1/1     Running             3 (17m ago)   20m
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper-7fd5cb4ddc-fvk8z   1/1     Running             0             2m29s
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard-8694d4445c-tljmm        0/1     ContainerCreating   0             2m29s

可见，还在创建容器。

查看该pod：

$ kubectl describe pod kubernetes-dashboard-8694d4445c-tljmm -n kubernetes-dashboard
......
Events:Type    Reason     Age    From               Message----    ------     ----   ----               -------Normal  Scheduled  3m18s  default-scheduler  Successfully assigned kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard-8694d4445c-tljmm to minikubeNormal  Pulling    3m18s  kubelet            Pulling image "docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0@sha256:2e500d29e9d5f4a086b908eb8dfe7ecac57d2ab09d65b24f588b1d449841ef93"

可见，还在pull image。

最终，会从命令行自动启动浏览器，打开dashboard：

在这里插入图片描述

在命令行按“Ctrl + C”停止dashboard。

注意：按“Ctrl + C”停止进程后，dashboard的pod还在：

 kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-7fd5cb4ddc-fvk8z   1/1     Running   0          19m
kubernetes-dashboard-8694d4445c-tljmm        1/1     Running   0          19m

当下次再启动dashboard时，就会非常快。

如果不想在命令行自动启动浏览器，可以使用 --url 选项：

$ minikube dashboard --url
🤔  Verifying dashboard health ...
🚀  Launching proxy ...
🤔  Verifying proxy health ...
http://127.0.0.1:33181/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/

然后手工打开浏览器，访问提供的URL，也是一样的。

注意：默认情况下，dashboard只在内部Kubernetes虚拟网络里可以访问，从 minikube dashboard 的输出里可以看到，创建了一个临时的代理，所以我们在Kubernetes虚拟网络的外部可以访问dashboard。

创建deployment

$ kubectl create deployment hello-node --image=registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39 -- /agnhost netexec --http-port=8080
deployment.apps/hello-node created

命令立即返回结果，但实际上还并没有完成创建。

注：可以用 kubectl create deployment --help 查看帮助。

查看deployment：

$ kubectl get deployments
NAME         READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
hello-node   0/1     1            0           44s

查看pod：

$ kubectl get pod
NAME                         READY   STATUS         RESTARTS   AGE
hello-node-ccf4b9788-hzgrk   0/1     ErrImagePull   0          98s

查看该pod：

$ kubectl describe pod hello-node-ccf4b9788-hzgrk
......
Events:Type     Reason     Age                    From               Message----     ------     ----                   ----               -------Normal   Scheduled  7m27s                  default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/hello-node-ccf4b9788-hzgrk to minikubeWarning  Failed     6m11s (x2 over 6m56s)  kubelet            Failed to pull image "registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39": Error response from daemon: Head "https://us-west2-docker.pkg.dev/v2/k8s-artifacts-prod/images/e2e-test-images/agnhost/manifests/2.39": dial tcp 64.233.188.82:443: i/o timeoutWarning  Failed     3m52s (x4 over 6m56s)  kubelet            Error: ErrImagePullWarning  Failed     3m52s (x2 over 5m14s)  kubelet            Failed to pull image "registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39": Error response from daemon: Head "https://us-west2-docker.pkg.dev/v2/k8s-artifacts-prod/images/e2e-test-images/agnhost/manifests/2.39": dial tcp 108.177.125.82:443: i/o timeoutWarning  Failed     3m39s (x6 over 6m55s)  kubelet            Error: ImagePullBackOffNormal   BackOff    3m27s (x7 over 6m55s)  kubelet            Back-off pulling image "registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39"Normal   Pulling    2m21s (x5 over 7m27s)  kubelet            Pulling image "registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39"

registry.k8s.io 连接不上，I/O超时了。

删除deployment：

kubectl delete deployments hello-node

注意：会连同pod一起删除。

本文采用了一个变通的方法：

先在一个能访问到 registry.k8s.io 的机器上，把 registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39 pull下来：

docker pull registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39

然后再push到dockerhub里：

docker logindocker tag xxxxxxx kaiding1/agnhost:2.39docker logindocker push kaiding1/agnhost:2.39

这样，就能从dockerhub把它pull下来了。

再次尝试创建deployment：

kubectl create deployment hello-node --image=kaiding1/agnhost:2.39 -- /agnhost netexec --http-port=8080

大约几分钟后，就部署好了。

$ kubectl get deployments
NAME         READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
hello-node   1/1     1            1           17m

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hello-node-5f85cbcdcb-knbcm   1/1     Running   0          17m

$ kubectl get events
LAST SEEN   TYPE      REASON              OBJECT                             MESSAGE
......
18m         Normal    Scheduled           pod/hello-node-5f85cbcdcb-knbcm    Successfully assigned default/hello-node-5f85cbcdcb-knbcm to minikube
18m         Normal    Pulling             pod/hello-node-5f85cbcdcb-knbcm    Pulling image "kaiding1/agnhost:2.39"
12m         Normal    Pulled              pod/hello-node-5f85cbcdcb-knbcm    Successfully pulled image "kaiding1/agnhost:2.39" in 5m59.928s (5m59.928s including waiting)
12m         Normal    Created             pod/hello-node-5f85cbcdcb-knbcm    Created container agnhost
12m         Normal    Started             pod/hello-node-5f85cbcdcb-knbcm    Started container agnhost
......
18m         Normal    ScalingReplicaSet   deployment/hello-node              Scaled up replica set hello-node-5f85cbcdcb to 1

$ kubectl config view
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:certificate-authority: /home/ding/.minikube/ca.crtextensions:- extension:last-update: Mon, 15 Jan 2024 15:05:08 CSTprovider: minikube.sigs.k8s.ioversion: v1.32.0name: cluster_infoserver: https://192.168.49.2:8443name: minikube
contexts:
- context:cluster: minikubeextensions:- extension:last-update: Mon, 15 Jan 2024 15:05:08 CSTprovider: minikube.sigs.k8s.ioversion: v1.32.0name: context_infonamespace: defaultuser: minikubename: minikube
current-context: minikube
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: minikubeuser:client-certificate: /home/ding/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.crtclient-key: /home/ding/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.key

$ kubectl logs hello-node-5f85cbcdcb-knbcm
I0115 09:32:18.393297       1 log.go:195] Started HTTP server on port 8080
I0115 09:32:18.394281       1 log.go:195] Started UDP server on port  8081

创建service

默认情况下，只能在Kubernetes集群里通过内部IP地址访问pod。要想在Kubernetes虚拟网络之外访问 hello-node 容器，需要把pod暴露为Kubernetes的service。

$ kubectl expose deployment hello-node --type=LoadBalancer --port=8080
service/hello-node exposed

其中， --type=LoadBalancer 选项表示把service暴露到集群之外。

该测试image里的应用代码只监听TCP 8080端口。如果使用 kubectl expose 命令暴露到一个不同的端口，则客户端无法连接到该端口。

查看service：

$ kubectl get services
NAME         TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
hello-node   LoadBalancer   10.98.67.193   <pending>     8080:30161/TCP   3m39s
kubernetes   ClusterIP      10.96.0.1      <none>        443/TCP          175m

在支持负载均衡的云里，会provision一个外部IP地址来访问service。而对于minikube， minikube service 命令的 LoadBalancer 类型使得service可被外部访问。

$ minikube service hello-node
|-----------|------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| NAMESPACE |    NAME    | TARGET PORT |            URL            |
|-----------|------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| default   | hello-node |        8080 | http://192.168.49.2:30161 |
|-----------|------------|-------------|---------------------------|
🎉  Opening service default/hello-node in default browser...

会自动打开浏览器，访问service：

在这里插入图片描述

同理，也可以加上 --url 选项，只显示URL，不打开浏览器。

$ minikube service hello-node --url
http://192.168.49.2:32623

此外，还可以使用 minikube tunnel 命令为deployment创建一个routable IP（我理解就是public IP）。

在另外一个终端窗口，运行：

$ minikube tunnel
[sudo] password for ding: 
Status:	machine: minikubepid: 14161route: 10.96.0.0/12 -> 192.168.49.2minikube: Runningservices: [hello-node]errors: minikube: no errorsrouter: no errorsloadbalancer emulator: no errors

然后再查看service：

$ kubectl get service hello-node
NAME         TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP    PORT(S)          AGE
hello-node   LoadBalancer   10.106.63.28   10.106.63.28   8080:32623/TCP   6m48s

现在， EXTERNAL-IP 有值了。

可使用该IP地址加8080端口访问hello-node应用：

在这里插入图片描述

启用addon

minikube包含了一套内建的addon。这些addon可以在本地Kubernetes环境里被启用、禁用、打开。

$ minikube addons list
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
|         ADDON NAME          | PROFILE  |    STATUS    |           MAINTAINER           |
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
| ambassador                  | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Ambassador)         |
| auto-pause                  | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       |
| cloud-spanner               | minikube | disabled     | Google                         |
| csi-hostpath-driver         | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     |
| dashboard                   | minikube | enabled ✅   | Kubernetes                     |
| default-storageclass        | minikube | enabled ✅   | Kubernetes                     |
| efk                         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Elastic)            |
| freshpod                    | minikube | disabled     | Google                         |
| gcp-auth                    | minikube | disabled     | Google                         |
| gvisor                      | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       |
| headlamp                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (kinvolk.io)         |
| helm-tiller                 | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Helm)               |
| inaccel                     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (InAccel             |
|                             |          |              | [info@inaccel.com])            |
| ingress                     | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     |
| ingress-dns                 | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       |
| inspektor-gadget            | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party                      |
|                             |          |              | (inspektor-gadget.io)          |
| istio                       | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Istio)              |
| istio-provisioner           | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Istio)              |
| kong                        | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Kong HQ)            |
| kubeflow                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party                      |
| kubevirt                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (KubeVirt)           |
| logviewer                   | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            |
| metallb                     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (MetalLB)            |
| metrics-server              | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     |
| nvidia-device-plugin        | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (NVIDIA)             |
| nvidia-driver-installer     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Nvidia)             |
| nvidia-gpu-device-plugin    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Nvidia)             |
| olm                         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Operator Framework) |
| pod-security-policy         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            |
| portainer                   | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Portainer.io)       |
| registry                    | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       |
| registry-aliases            | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            |
| registry-creds              | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (UPMC Enterprises)   |
| storage-provisioner         | minikube | enabled ✅   | minikube                       |
| storage-provisioner-gluster | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Gluster)            |
| storage-provisioner-rancher | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Rancher)            |
| volumesnapshots             | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     |
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|

例如，要启用 metrics-server ：

$ minikube addons enable metrics-server
💡  metrics-server is an addon maintained by Kubernetes. For any concerns contact minikube on GitHub.
You can view the list of minikube maintainers at: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/blob/master/OWNERS▪ Using image registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.6.4
🌟  The 'metrics-server' addon is enabled

虽然返回消息说已经启用了，但查看pod和service：

$ kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY   STATUS             RESTARTS        AGE
pod/coredns-5dd5756b68-mlw2h           1/1     Running            1 (3h21m ago)   3h23m
pod/etcd-minikube                      1/1     Running            1 (3h21m ago)   3h23m
pod/kube-apiserver-minikube            1/1     Running            1 (3h20m ago)   3h23m
pod/kube-controller-manager-minikube   1/1     Running            1 (3h21m ago)   3h23m
pod/kube-proxy-7n9sj                   1/1     Running            1 (3h21m ago)   3h23m
pod/kube-scheduler-minikube            1/1     Running            1 (3h21m ago)   3h23m
pod/metrics-server-7c66d45ddc-2kqpn    0/1     ImagePullBackOff   0               55s
pod/storage-provisioner                1/1     Running            3 (3h19m ago)   3h23mNAME                     TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
service/kube-dns         ClusterIP   10.96.0.10     <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   3h23m
service/metrics-server   ClusterIP   10.98.36.138   <none>        443/TCP                  55s

可见，多了 metrics-server-7c66d45ddc-2kqpn pod，但是没有启起来。

$ kubectl describe pod metrics-server-7c66d45ddc-2kqpn
......
Events:Type     Reason     Age                From               Message----     ------     ----               ----               -------Normal   Scheduled  102s               default-scheduler  Successfully assigned kube-system/metrics-server-7c66d45ddc-2kqpn to minikubeWarning  Failed     28s (x2 over 70s)  kubelet            Failed to pull image "registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.6.4@sha256:ee4304963fb035239bb5c5e8c10f2f38ee80efc16ecbdb9feb7213c17ae2e86e": Error response from daemon: Get "https://us-west2-docker.pkg.dev/v2/k8s-artifacts-prod/images/metrics-server/metrics-server/manifests/sha256:ee4304963fb035239bb5c5e8c10f2f38ee80efc16ecbdb9feb7213c17ae2e86e": dial tcp 108.177.125.82:443: i/o timeoutWarning  Failed     28s (x2 over 70s)  kubelet            Error: ErrImagePullNormal   BackOff    15s (x2 over 70s)  kubelet            Back-off pulling image "registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.6.4@sha256:ee4304963fb035239bb5c5e8c10f2f38ee80efc16ecbdb9feb7213c17ae2e86e"Warning  Failed     15s (x2 over 70s)  kubelet            Error: ImagePullBackOffNormal   Pulling    4s (x3 over 102s)  kubelet            Pulling image "registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.6.4@sha256:ee4304963fb035239bb5c5e8c10f2f38ee80efc16ecbdb9feb7213c17ae2e86e"

又是 registry.k8s.io 的网络问题。

$ kubectl describe deployment metrics-server -n kube-system
......
Image:      registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.6.4@sha256:ee4304963fb035239bb5c5e8c10f2f38ee80efc16ecbdb9feb7213c17ae2e86e

还是用老方法，先在能访问 registry.k8s.io 的机器上把image pull下来，然后再push到docker hub，具体做法参见上面的例子。

接下来， kubectl edit deployment 修改 metrics-server 的源：

kubectl edit deployment metrics-server -n kube-system

找到：

image: registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.6.4@sha256:ee4304963fb035239bb5c5e8c10f2f38ee80efc16ecbdb9feb7213c17ae2e86e

改为：

image: kaiding1/metrics-server:v0.6.4@sha256:7726dcf079af5d81d69797ee9c01d667b27e4bb3318ad51b87e23c732d047b55

注意：digest不一样，说明二者并不是完全一样的。

保存退出，pod就会自动重建：

$ kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                               READY   STATUS              RESTARTS        AGE
coredns-5dd5756b68-mlw2h           1/1     Running             1 (4h34m ago)   4h35m
etcd-minikube                      1/1     Running             1 (4h34m ago)   4h36m
kube-apiserver-minikube            1/1     Running             1 (4h32m ago)   4h36m
kube-controller-manager-minikube   1/1     Running             1 (4h34m ago)   4h36m
kube-proxy-7n9sj                   1/1     Running             1 (4h34m ago)   4h35m
kube-scheduler-minikube            1/1     Running             1 (4h34m ago)   4h36m
metrics-server-5c7d7988f6-9csdf    0/1     ContainerCreating   0               9s
metrics-server-b48d8d5fb-h86xr     0/1     ImagePullBackOff    0               7m16s
storage-provisioner                1/1     Running             3 (4h32m ago)   4h36m

大约几分钟后，pod起来了。

$ kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS        AGE
pod/coredns-5dd5756b68-mlw2h           1/1     Running   1 (4h42m ago)   4h44m
pod/etcd-minikube                      1/1     Running   1 (4h42m ago)   4h44m
pod/kube-apiserver-minikube            1/1     Running   1 (4h41m ago)   4h44m
pod/kube-controller-manager-minikube   1/1     Running   1 (4h42m ago)   4h44m
pod/kube-proxy-7n9sj                   1/1     Running   1 (4h42m ago)   4h44m
pod/kube-scheduler-minikube            1/1     Running   1 (4h42m ago)   4h44m
pod/metrics-server-5c7d7988f6-9csdf    1/1     Running   0               8m17s
pod/storage-provisioner                1/1     Running   3 (4h40m ago)   4h44mNAME                     TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
service/kube-dns         ClusterIP   10.96.0.10     <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   4h44m
service/metrics-server   ClusterIP   10.98.36.138   <none>        443/TCP                  81m1/1     Running   3 (4h38m ago)   4h42m

还有一个办法，就是打开 hub.docker.com ，搜索对应的image metrics-server:v0.6.4 ：

在这里插入图片描述

如果找到合适的image，也可以直接用。

启用 metrics-server 后，就可以查看资源消耗情况了，比如：

$ kubectl top pods
NAME                          CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)   
hello-node-5f85cbcdcb-knbcm   1m           11Mi

最后，禁用 metrics-server ：

$ minikube addons disable metrics-server
🌑  "The 'metrics-server' addon is disabled

清理

kubectl delete service hello-nodekubectl delete deployment hello-nodeminikube stopminikube delete

参考

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/hello-minikube
https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start
https://blog.csdn.net/heiwa110/article/details/127614981
https://blog.csdn.net/icanflyingg/article/details/126370832