LSTM进行情感分析-编程知识

LSTM进行情感分析的复现–pytorch的实现

关于TextCNN的复现参考本文章

TextCNN的复现–pytorch实现 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

接下来主要是对代码内容的详解，完整代码将在文章末尾给出。

使用的数据集为电影评论数据集，其中正面数据集5000条左右，负面的数据集也为5000条。

pyroch的基本训练过程：

加载训练集–构建模型–模型训练–模型评价

首先，是要对数据集进行加载，在对数据集加载时候需要继承一下Dataset类，代码如下

import re
from collections import Counter
from collections import OrderedDictimport gensim
import torch.nn
from sympy.parsing.sympy_parser import _flatten
from torch.utils.data import Dataset
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from torchtext.vocab import vocabclass Data_loader(Dataset):def __init__(self, file_pos, file_neg, model_path, word2_vec=False):self.file_pos = file_posself.file_neg = file_negif word2_vec:self.x_train, self.y_train = self.get_word2vec(model_path)else:self.x_train, self.y_train, self.dictionary = self.pre_process()def __getitem__(self, idx):data = self.x_train[idx]label = self.y_train[idx]data = torch.tensor(data)label = torch.tensor(label)return data, labeldef __len__(self):return len(self.x_train)def clean_sentences(self, string):string = re.sub(r"[^A-Za-z0-9(),!?\'\`]", " ", string)string = re.sub(r"\'s", " \'s", string)string = re.sub(r"\'ve", " \'ve", string)string = re.sub(r"n\'t", " n\'t", string)string = re.sub(r"\'re", " \'re", string)string = re.sub(r"\'d", " \'d", string)string = re.sub(r"\'ll", " \'ll", string)string = re.sub(r",", " , ", string)string = re.sub(r"!", " ! ", string)string = re.sub(r"\(", " \( ", string)string = re.sub(r"\)", " \) ", string)string = re.sub(r"\?", " \? ", string)string = re.sub(r"\s{2,}", " ", string)return string.strip().lower()def load_data_and_labels(self):positive_examples = list(open(self.file_pos, "r", encoding="utf-8").readlines())positive_examples = [s.strip() for s in positive_examples]  # 对评论数据删除每一行数据的\t，\nnegative_examples = list(open(self.file_neg, "r", encoding="utf-8").readlines())negative_examples = [s.strip() for s in negative_examples]  # 对评论数据删除每一行数据的\t，\nx_text = positive_examples + negative_examplesx_text = [self.clean_sentences(_) for _ in x_text]positive_labels = [1 for _ in positive_examples]  # 正样本数据为1negative_labels = [0 for _ in negative_examples]  # 负样本数据为0y = np.concatenate((positive_labels, negative_labels), axis=0)return x_text, y.T  # 返回的是dataframe对象，[0]data[0]为文本数据，data[1]为标签def pre_process(self):'''加载数据，并对之前使用的数据进行打乱返回,同时根据训练集和测试集的比列进行划分,默认百分80和百分20:return:测试数据、训练数据、以及生成的词汇表'''x_data, y_label = self.load_data_and_labels()max_document_length = max(len(x.split(' ')) for x in x_data)voc = []word_split = [][voc.extend(x.split()) for x in x_data]  # 生成词典[word_split.append(x.split()) for x in x_data]if len(voc) != 0:ordere_dict = OrderedDict(sorted(Counter(_flatten(voc)).items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True))# 把文档映射成词汇的索引序列dictionary = vocab(ordere_dict)x_data = []for words in word_split:x = list(dictionary.lookup_indices(words))temp_pos = max_document_length - len(x)if temp_pos != 0:for i in range(1, temp_pos + 1):x.extend([0])x_data.append(x)x_data = np.array(x_data)np.random.seed(10)# 将标签打乱顺序，返回索引shuffle_indices = np.random.permutation(np.arange(len(y_label)))x_shuffled = x_data[shuffle_indices]y_shuffled = y_label[shuffle_indices]return x_shuffled, y_shuffled, dictionarydef get_word2vec(self, model_path):model = gensim.models.Word2Vec.load(model_path)x_data, y_label = self.load_data_and_labels()word_split = [][word_split.append(x.split()) for x in x_data]sentence_vectors = []for sentence in word_split:sentence_vector = []for word in sentence:try:v = model.wv.get_index(word)except Exception as e:v = np.random.randint(0, 71289)sentence_vector.append(int(v))sentence_vectors.append(sentence_vector)   # 获取到句子单词在词表中的位置max_document_length = max(len(x) for x in sentence_vectors)for vector in sentence_vectors:for i in range(1, max_document_length - len(vector) + 1):vector.append(int(71289))vector_data = np.asarray(sentence_vectors)# vector_data = sentence_vectorsnp.random.seed(10)# 将标签打乱顺序，返回索引shuffle_indices = np.random.permutation(np.arange(len(y_label)))x_shuffled = vector_data[shuffle_indices]y_shuffled = y_label[shuffle_indices]return x_shuffled, y_shuffled# return vector_data, y_label

上述代码中的__init__ 、getitem 、len是必须要继承实现的方法，clean_sentence是对读取的数据进行清洗，load_data_and_label是加载数据且返回清洗过后的数据以及数据标签。pre_process是对数据进行编码，原始的数据是英文数据，因此需要对其进行分词、编码，最后返回的数据将是数字，一行数据就是一句评论。

例如：

I like this movie

在对其进行编码返回后将是 0 1 2 3,0对应的为I，1对应的为like以此类推。

在这儿设置的每个词的维度是256维。

接下来就是LSTM模型的构建

class LSTM_RNN(nn.Module):def __init__(self, num_embeddings=-1, drop_rate=0.8, embedding_dim=256, hidden_size=64, output_size=1, num_layers=2):super().__init__()self.num_layers = num_layersself.hidden_size = hidden_sizeself.num_embeddings = num_embeddings  # num_embeddings为单词的维度self.embedding = nn.Embedding(num_embeddings, embedding_dim)self.lstm = nn.LSTM(embedding_dim, hidden_size, num_layers, bidirectional=True, batch_first=True)self.compute = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)self.drop = nn.Dropout(drop_rate)self.sigmod = nn.Sigmoid()def forward(self, x, hidden):"""x: 本次的输入，其size为(batch_size, 200)，200为句子长度hidden: 上一时刻的Hidden State和Cell State。类型为tuple: (h, c),其中h和c的size都为(n_layers, batch_size, hidden_dim), 即(2, 200, 512)"""if self.num_embeddings > 0:x = self.embedding(x)batch_size = x.size(0)x, hidden = self.lstm(x, hidden)  # _x is input, size (seq_len, batch, input_size)# s, b, h = x.shape  # x is output, size (seq_len, batch, hidden_size)x = x.contiguous().view(-1, self.hidden_size)x = self.drop(x)x = self.compute(x)# x = x.view(s, b, -1)predict = self.sigmod(x)predict = predict.view(batch_size, -1)out = predict[:, -1]  # 取得是最后一个单词的概率return out, hiddendef init_hidden(self, batch_size):"""初始化隐状态：第一次送给LSTM时，没有隐状态，所以要初始化一个这里的初始化策略是全部赋0。这里之所以是tuple，是因为LSTM需要接受两个隐状态hidden state和cell state"""hidden = (torch.zeros(self.num_layers*2, batch_size, self.hidden_size).to('cpu'),torch.zeros(self.num_layers*2, batch_size, self.hidden_size).to('cpu'))return hidden

在构建模型时候需要继承nn.moudule,同时要实现__init__、以及forward方法，可以看作init在定义各个层，forward在对各个层之间来进行连接。

接下来就是对模型进行训练，代码如下所示:

import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torch.nnfrom LSTM import LSTM_RNN
from TextCNN import TextCNN
from dataLoader import Data_loaderbatch_size = 830
# num_classes = 2
file_pos = 'E:\\PostGraduate\\Paper_review\\pytorch_TextCnn/data/rt-polarity.pos'
file_neg = 'E:\\PostGraduate\\Paper_review\\pytorch_TextCnn/data/rt-polarity.neg'
word2vec_path = 'E:\\PostGraduate\\Paper_review\\pytorch_TextCnn/word2vec1.model'
train_data = Data_loader(file_pos, file_neg, word2vec_path)
train_size = int(len(train_data) * 0.8)
test_size = len(train_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(train_data, [train_size, test_size])
train_iter = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)test_iter = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
# model = TextCNN(num_classes, embeddings_pretrained=True)
model = LSTM_RNN(num_embeddings=18764)
# 开始训练
epoch = 100  # 训练轮次
optmizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)
# optmizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=0.01,momentum=0.04)
train_losses = []
train_counter = []
test_losses = []
log_interval = 5
test_counter = [i * len(train_iter.dataset) for i in range(epoch + 1)]
device = 'cpu'def train_loop(n_epochs, optimizer, model, train_loader, device, test_iter):for epoch in range(1, n_epochs + 1):print("开始第{}轮训练".format(epoch))model.train()correct = 0for i, data in enumerate(train_loader):# print(i)optimizer.zero_grad()(text_data, label) = datatext_data = text_data.to(device)label = label.to(device)label = label.long()# print(len(text_data))h = model.init_hidden(len(text_data))  # 初始化第一个Hidden_stateoutput, h = model(text_data, h)# print(torch.mean(output))loss_func = nn.BCELoss()# output = output.long()loss = loss_func(output, label.float())loss.backward()optimizer.step()pred = [1 if x >= 0.5 else 0 for x in output]  # 返回的是列表for index in range(0, len(pred)):if pred[index] == label[index]:correct += 1if i % log_interval == 0:print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(epoch, i * len(text_data), len(train_loader.dataset),100. * i / len(train_loader), loss.item()))train_losses.append(loss.item())train_counter.append((i * 64) + ((epoch - 1) * len(train_loader.dataset)))torch.save(model.state_dict(), './model.pth')torch.save(optimizer.state_dict(), './optimizer.pth')# if 100. * correct / len(train_loader.dataset)<94:print("Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n".format(correct, len(train_loader.dataset),100. * correct / len(train_loader.dataset)))test_loop(model, device, test_iter)# else:#     break# model.eval()# PATH = 'E:\\PostGraduate\\Paper_review\\pytorch_TextCnn\\LSTM/model.pth'# dictionary = torch.load(PATH)# model.load_state_dict(dictionary)def test_loop(model, device, test_iter):model.eval()test_loss = 0correct = 0with torch.no_grad():for data, target in test_iter:data = data.to(device)target = target.to(device)h = model.init_hidden(len(data))  # 初始化第一个Hidden_stateoutput, h = model(data, h)loss_func = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()loss = loss_func(output, target.float())test_loss += losspred = [1 if x >= 0.5 else 0 for x in output]  # 返回的是列表for index in range(0, len(pred)):if pred[index] == target[index]:correct += 1test_loss /= len(test_iter.dataset)test_losses.append(test_loss)print('\nTest set: Avg. loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n'.format(test_loss, correct, len(test_iter.dataset),100. * correct / len(test_iter.dataset)))train_loop(epoch, optmizer, model, train_iter, device, test_iter)PATH = 'E:\\PostGraduate\\Paper_review\\pytorch_TextCnn\\LSTM/model.pth'
model = LSTM_RNN(num_embeddings=18764)
dictionary = torch.load(PATH)
model.load_state_dict(dictionary)
test_loop(model, device, test_iter)

在上述中，首先会对数据集加载进来，然后分为80%的训练集和20%的测试集，定义使用的优化器为adam。同时在训练的过程中会对优化器、损失函数等信息进行保存。

训练结果如下所示：

完整代码链接，后续会使用其他数据来对模型进行测试。

/model.pth’
model = LSTM_RNN(num_embeddings=18764)
dictionary = torch.load(PATH)
model.load_state_dict(dictionary)
test_loop(model, device, test_iter)


在上述中，首先会对数据集加载进来，然后分为80%的训练集和20%的测试集，定义使用的优化器为adam。同时在训练的过程中会对优化器、损失函数等信息进行保存。训练结果如下所示：[外链图片转存中...(img-KOExQS59-1706516526357)]完整代码链接，后续会使用其他数据来对模型进行测试。[木南/TextCNN (gitee.com)](https://gitee.com/nanwang-crea/text-cnn)