Swagger添加JWT验证（ASP.NET）-编程知识

文章目录

JWT
- 1、解析
- 2、配置JWT

JWT

1、解析

1）客户端向授权服务系统发起请求，申请获取“令牌”。

2）授权服务根据用户身份，生成一张专属“令牌”，并将该“令牌”以JWT规范返回给客户端

3）客户端将获取到的“令牌”放到http请求的headers中后，向主服务系统发起请求。主服务系统收到请求后会从headers中获取“令牌”，并从“令牌”中解析出该用户的身份权限，然后做出相应的处理（同意或拒绝返回资源）

2、配置JWT

1、添加NuGet包Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer

2、在appsettings.json中添加JWT配置节点

   "JWT": {"SecKey": "Jamin1127!#@$%@%^^&*(~Czmjklneafguvioszb%yuv&*6WVDf5dw#5dfw6f5w6faW%FW^f5wa65f^AWf56", //密钥"Issuer": "Jamin",  //发行者"ExpireSeconds": 7200 //过期时间}

3、在Program类里进行服务注册

#region JWT服务
// 注册JWT服务
builder.Services.AddSingleton(new JwtHelper(builder.Configuration));builder.Services.AddAuthentication( JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme).AddJwtBearer(options =>
{options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters(){ValidateIssuer = true, //是否验证IssuerValidIssuer = builder.Configuration["Jwt:Issuer"], //发行人IssuerValidateAudience = false, //是否验证Audience      ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true, //是否验证SecurityKeyIssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(builder.Configuration["Jwt:SecKey"])), //SecurityKeyValidateLifetime = true, //是否验证失效时间ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30), //过期时间容错值，解决服务器端时间不同步问题（秒）RequireExpirationTime = true,};
}
);
#endregion
//swagger里添加JWT授权builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(c=> {c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "Web API", Version = "v1" });//开启注释var xmlFile = $"{Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().GetName().Name}.xml";var xmlPath = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, xmlFile);c.IncludeXmlComments(xmlPath, true);// 配置 JWT Bearer 授权c.AddSecurityDefinition("Bearer", new OpenApiSecurityScheme{Description = "JWT Authorization header using the Bearer scheme",Name = "Authorization",In = ParameterLocation.Header,Type = SecuritySchemeType.Http,Scheme = "bearer"});var securityScheme = new OpenApiSecurityScheme{Reference = new OpenApiReference { Type = ReferenceType.SecurityScheme, Id = "Bearer" }};var securityRequirement = new OpenApiSecurityRequirement { { securityScheme, new string[] { } } };c.AddSecurityRequirement(securityRequirement);
});
//启用验证中间件
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();

4、创建JWT类进行Token配置

using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;namespace Blog.core.Common.Auth
{/// <summary>/// 授权JWT类/// </summary>public class JwtHelper{private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;/// <summary>/// Token配置/// </summary>/// <param name="configuration"></param>public JwtHelper(IConfiguration configuration){_configuration = configuration;}/// <summary>/// 创建Token 这里面可以保存自己想要的信息/// </summary>/// <param name="username"></param>/// <param name="mobile"></param>/// <returns></returns>public string CreateToken(string username, string mobile){try{// 1. 定义需要使用到的Claimsvar claims = new[]{new Claim("username", username),new Claim("mobile", mobile),/* 可以保存自己想要信息，传参进来即可new Claim("sex", "sex"),new Claim("limit", "limit"),new Claim("head_url", "xxxxx")*/};// 2. 从 appsettings.json 中读取SecretKeyvar secretKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_configuration["Jwt:SecKey"]));// 3. 选择加密算法var algorithm = SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256;// 4. 生成Credentialsvar signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(secretKey, algorithm);// 5. 根据以上，生成tokenvar jwtSecurityToken = new JwtSecurityToken(_configuration["Jwt:Issuer"],    //Issuer_configuration["Jwt:ExpireSeconds"],  //ExpireSecondsclaims,                          //Claims,DateTime.Now,                    //notBeforeDateTime.Now.AddSeconds(30),     //expiressigningCredentials               //Credentials);// 6. 将token变为stringvar token = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(jwtSecurityToken);return token;}catch (Exception){throw;}}/// <summary>/// 获取信息/// </summary>/// <param name="jwt"></param>/// <returns></returns>public static string ReaderToken(string jwt){var str = string.Empty;try{//获取Token的三种方式//第一种直接用JwtSecurityTokenHandler提供的read方法var jwtHander = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();JwtSecurityToken jwtSecurityToken = jwtHander.ReadJwtToken(jwt);str = jwtSecurityToken.ToString();}catch (Exception ex){Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);}return str;}/// <summary>/// 解密jwt/// </summary>/// <param name="jwt"></param>/// <returns></returns>public string JwtDecrypt(string jwt){StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();try{JwtSecurityTokenHandler tokenHandler = new();TokenValidationParameters valParam = new();var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_configuration["Jwt:SecKey"]));valParam.IssuerSigningKey = securityKey;valParam.ValidateIssuer = false;valParam.ValidateAudience = false;//解密ClaimsPrincipal claimsPrincipal = tokenHandler.ValidateToken(jwt,valParam, out SecurityToken secToken);foreach (var claim in claimsPrincipal.Claims){sb.Append($"{claim.Type}={claim.Value}");}}catch (Exception ex){Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);}return sb.ToString();}}}

5、创建用户实体，进行用户密码的接收

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;namespace Blog.core.Models
{public class UserInfo{/// <summary>/// 其中 [Required] 表示非空判断,其他自己研究百度/// </summary>[Required]public string UserName { get; set; }[Required]public string Password { get; set; }[Required]public string PhoneNumber { get; set; }}
}

6、创建控制器，进行JWT的APi调用

using Blog.core.Common.Auth;
using Blog.core.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;namespace Blog.core.Controllers
{[Route("[controller]/[action]")][ApiController]public class UserController : ControllerBase{private readonly JwtHelper _jwt;/// <summary>/// 初始化/// </summary>/// <param name="jwtHelper"></param>public UserController(JwtHelper jwtHelper){_jwt = jwtHelper;}/// <summary>/// 获取Token/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>[HttpPost]public IActionResult GetToken(UserInfo user){//参数验证等等....if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(user.UserName)){return Ok("参数异常！");}//这里可以连接mysql数据库做账号密码验证//这里可以做Redis缓存验证等等//这里获取Token，当然，这里也可以选择传结构体过去var token = _jwt.CreateToken(user.UserName, user.PhoneNumber);//解密后的Tokenvar PWToken = _jwt.JwtDecrypt( token);return Ok(token+"解密后："+PWToken);}/// <summary>/// 获取自己的详细信息，其中 [Authorize] 就表示要带Token才行/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>[HttpPost][Authorize]public IActionResult GetSelfInfo(){//执行到这里，就表示已经验证授权通过了/** 这里返回个人信息有两种方式* 第一种：从Header中的Token信息反向解析出用户账号，再从数据库中查找返回* 第二种：从Header中的Token信息反向解析出用户账号信息直接返回，当然，在前面创建        Token时，要保存进使用到的Claims中。*/return Ok("授权通过了！");}}  
}