CLI举例：通过URL分类控制用户访问的网站-编程知识

华为CLI举例：通过URL分类控制用户访问的网站

配置基于URL分类的URL过滤功能，可以实现对用户访问的某一类网站的控制。既可以是FW自带的预定义分类，也可以是管理员配置的自定义分类。

组网需求

如图1所示，FW作为企业网关部署在网络边界，对用户访问外部网络的HTTP请求进行URL过滤。

公司有研发部门员工和市场部门员工两类，具体需求如下：

研发部门员工只可以在每天的09：00～17：00访问教育/科学类、搜索/门户类网站。其他网站均不能访问。
市场部门员工只可以在每天的09：00～17：00访问教育/科学类、搜索/门户类、社会焦点类网站和一个特定的URL（www.example.com/news）和域名（www.example.net）。其他网站均不能访问。

图1 通过URL分类控制用户访问的网站

配置思路

配置接口IP地址和安全区域，完成网络基本参数配置。

配置远程查询服务器，用来获取URL与预定义分类的对应关系。本例中教育/科学类、搜索/门户类、社会焦点类网站可以通过预定义分类来进行URL过滤控制。为了可以正常使用远程查询功能，需要如下配置：
1. 配置安全策略并引用自定义服务，允许FW访问调度中心sec.huawei.com。其中自定义服务中需包含：
  - TCP协议：目的端口为443（与调度中心sec.huawei.com进行交互）
  - TCP协议：目的端口为12612（与调度服务器进行交互）
  - UDP协议：目的端口为12600（与查询服务器进行交互）
配置自定义分类url_userdefine_category，将www.example.com/news加入自定义URL中，将www.example.net加入自定义域名中。
针对研发部门员工和市场部门员工，新建两个URL过滤配置文件profile_url_research和profile_url_marketing，设置URL自定义分类和预定义分类的控制动作。
配置时间段和用户组。
配置两个安全策略，引用时间段、用户组、URL过滤配置文件等信息，实现针对不同用户组和不同时间段的URL访问控制。

操作步骤

配置接口IP地址和安全区域，完成网络基本参数配置。

配置GigabitEthernet 1/0/1接口IP地址，将接口加入untrust域。<FW> system-view
[FW] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 1.1.1.1 24
[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
[FW] firewall zone untrust
[FW-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW-zone-untrust] quit配置GigabitEthernet 1/0/3接口IP地址，将接口加入trust域。[FW] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3
[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] ip address 10.3.0.1 24
[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit
[FW] firewall zone trust
[FW-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3
[FW-zone-trust] quit

配置远程查询服务器，用来获取URL与预定义分类的对应关系。


激活License并且确保该License在有效服务期内。具体配置请参见License管理。
加载URL远程查询组件包。具体配置请参见系统更新。
配置DNS服务器。
[FW] dns resolve
[FW] dns server 10.2.0.70
配置远程查询服务器的相关参数，包括查询方式、国家名称和超时时间。
[FW] country CN
[FW] url-filter query timeout time 3 action allow
配置自定义服务。
[FW] ip service-set service_sec_huawei_com type object
[FW-object-service-set-service_sec_huawei_com] service protocol TCP source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 443
[FW-object-service-set-service_sec_huawei_com] service protocol TCP source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 12612
[FW-object-service-set-service_sec_huawei_com] service protocol UDP source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 12600
[FW-object-service-set-service_sec_huawei_com] quit
配置安全策略，引用自定义服务，允许FW访问调度中心。
[FW] security-policy
[FW-policy-security] rule name policy_sec_huawei_com
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_huawei_com] source-zone local
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_huawei_com] destination-zone untrust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_huawei_com] service service_sec_huawei_com
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_huawei_com] action permit
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_huawei_com] quit
[FW-policy-security] quit

配置URL自定义分类。

[FW] url-filter category user-defined name url_userdefine_category
[FW-cate-user-defined-url_userdefine_category] description url userdefine category of access control for marketing.
[FW-cate-user-defined-url_userdefine_category] add url www.example.com/news
[FW-cate-user-defined-url_userdefine_category] add host www.example.net
[FW-cate-user-defined-url_userdefine_category] quit

配置URL过滤配置文件。

通过display url-filter category pre-defined命令，可以查询到如下预定义分类和ID的对应关系。17：教育/科学类（Education/Science）
15：搜索/门户类（Search Engines/Portals）
5：社会焦点类（Social Focus）为研发部门配置URL过滤配置文件。[FW] profile type url-filter name profile_url_research 
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] description URL filter profile of web access control for research.
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] category user-defined action block
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] category pre-defined action block
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] category pre-defined category-id 15 action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] category pre-defined category-id 17 action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] quit为市场部门配置URL过滤配置文件。[FW] profile type url-filter name profile_url_marketing 
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] description URL filter profile of web access control for marketing.
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category user-defined action block
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category pre-defined action block
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category pre-defined category-id 5 action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category pre-defined category-id 15 action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category pre-defined category-id 17 action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category user-defined name url_userdefine_category action allow
[FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] quit

配置时间段。

[FW] time-range time_range
[FW-time-range-time_range] period-range 09:00:00 to 17:00:00 daily
[FW-time-range-time_range] quit

在安全策略中应用URL过滤配置文件。

本例中引用到的用户组research（研发部门员工）和用户组marketing（市场部门员工）假设已经创建完成。为研发部门配置安全策略。[FW] security-policy
[FW-policy-security] rule name policy_sec_research
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] description Security policy of web access protect for research.
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] source-zone trust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] destination-zone untrust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] user user-group /default/research
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] time-range time_range
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] action permit
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] profile url-filter profile_url_research
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] quit为市场部门配置安全策略。[FW-policy-security] rule name policy_sec_marketing
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] description Security policy of web access protect for marketing.
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] source-zone trust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] destination-zone untrust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] user user-group /default/marketing
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] time-range time_range
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] action permit
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] profile url-filter profile_url_marketing
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] quit
[FW-policy-security] quit

提交内容安全配置文件。

[FW] engine configuration commit
Info: The operation may last for several minutes, please wait.
Info: URL submitted configurations successfully.
Info: Finish committing engine compiling.

结果验证

研发部门任何员工在09：00～17：00之间，可以访问教育/科学类、搜索/门户类网站，但是访问社会焦点类、论坛类等网站时，都被阻断不能访问。

管理员通过查看URL日志URL/4/FILTER，可以看到研发部门员工访问社会焦点类、论坛类等网站时，命中了过滤类型Type为“Pre-defined”以及动作Action为“Block”的日志信息。
市场部门任何员工在09：00～17：00之间，可以访问教育/科学类、搜索/门户类、社会焦点类网站、特定的URL（www.example.com/news）和域名（www.example.net），但是访问论坛类等网站时，都被阻断不能访问。

管理员通过查看URL日志URL/4/FILTER，可以看到市场部门员工访问论坛类等网站时，命中了过滤类型Type为“Pre-defined”以及动作Action为“Block”的日志信息。

配置脚本

#                                                                               
sysname FW
#                                                                               dns resolve                                                                    dns server 10.2.0.70                                                           
#                                                                               
ip service-set service_sec_huawei_com type object                               service 0 protocol tcp source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 443              service 1 protocol tcp source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 12612           service 2 protocol udp source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 12600           
#                                                                               country CN                                                                     
#                                                                               time-range time_range                                                          period-range 09:00:00 to 17:00:00 daily                                       
#                                                                               
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1   undo shutdownip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#                                                                               
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3   undo shutdownip address 10.3.0.1 255.255.255.0
#                                                                               
firewall zone trust                                                             set priority 85                                                                add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
#                                                                               
firewall zone untrust                                                           set priority 5                                                                 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
#
url-filter category user-defined name url_userdefine_category                   description url userdefine category of access control for marketing.           add url www.example.com/news                                                   add  host www.example.net                                                      
profile type url-filter name profile_url_research                               description URL filter profile of web access control for research.             category pre-defined subcategory-id 101 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 102 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 162 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 163 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 164 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 165 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 103 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 166 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 167 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 168 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 104 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 169 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 170 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 105 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 171 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 172 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 173 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 174 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 106 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 108 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 177 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 251 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 109 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 110 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 111 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 112 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 114 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 115 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 117 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 178 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 179 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 180 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 181 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 248 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 118 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 119 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 122 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 182 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 183 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 184 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 123 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 124 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 186 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 187 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 188 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 189 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 125 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 127 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 128 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 130 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 131 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 132 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 197 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 198 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 199 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 200 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 227 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 228 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 133 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 201 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 202 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 204 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 205 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 134 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 135 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 136 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 137 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 138 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 139 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 140 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 141 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 206 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 207 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 208 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 209 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 210 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 229 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 142 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 143 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 144 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 145 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 146 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 147 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 211 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 212 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 213 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 240 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 253 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 149 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 150 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 214 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 215 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 216 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 217 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 151 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 218 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 219 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 220 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 221 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 222 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 223 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 230 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 252 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 152 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 153 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 238 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 154 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 155 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 224 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 225 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 156 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 157 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 158 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 231 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 232 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 159 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 254 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 160 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 161 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 176 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 226 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 234 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 235 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 236 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 237 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 239 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 241 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 233 action blockcategory user-defined name url_userdefine_category action block
profile type url-filter name profile_url_marketing                              description URL filter profile of web access control for marketing.            category pre-defined subcategory-id 101 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 102 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 162 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 163 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 164 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 165 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 103 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 166 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 167 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 168 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 104 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 169 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 170 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 106 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 108 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 177 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 251 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 109 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 110 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 111 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 112 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 114 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 115 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 117 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 178 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 179 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 180 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 181 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 248 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 118 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 119 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 122 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 182 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 183 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 184 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 123 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 124 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 186 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 187 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 188 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 189 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 125 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 127 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 128 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 130 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 131 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 132 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 197 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 198 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 199 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 200 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 227 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 228 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 133 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 201 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 202 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 204 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 205 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 134 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 135 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 136 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 137 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 138 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 139 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 140 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 141 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 206 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 207 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 208 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 209 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 210 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 229 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 142 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 143 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 144 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 145 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 146 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 147 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 211 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 212 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 213 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 240 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 253 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 149 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 150 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 214 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 215 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 216 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 217 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 151 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 218 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 219 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 220 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 221 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 222 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 223 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 230 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 252 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 152 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 153 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 238 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 154 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 155 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 224 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 225 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 156 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 157 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 158 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 231 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 232 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 159 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 254 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 160 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 161 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 176 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 226 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 234 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 235 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 236 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 237 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 239 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 241 action blockcategory pre-defined subcategory-id 233 action block
#                                                                               
security-policy                                                                 rule name policy_sec_huawei_com                                                source-zone local                                                             destination-zone untrust                                                      service service_sec_huawei_com                                                action permit                                                                 rule name policy_sec_research                                                  description Security policy of web access protect for research.               source-zone trust                                                             destination-zone untrustsource-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0user user-group /default/research                                             time-range time_range                                                         profile url-filter profile_url_research                                       action permit                                                                 rule name policy_sec_marketing                                                 description Security policy of web access protect for marketing.              source-zone trust                                                             destination-zone untrust                                                      source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0user user-group /default/marketing                                            time-range time_range                                                         profile url-filter profile_url_marketing                                      action permit