由于阿里云机房要下架旧服务器，单位未购买整机迁移服务，且业务较老不兼容Oracle11g，所以新购买一台新服务器进行安装Oracle10.2.0.1 ，后续再将数据迁移到新服务器上。
| 对外ip | 内部ip | 数据库版本 | 操作系统版本 | 实例名 | |
| 源库 | 115.28.242.253 | 192.168.0.10 | Oracle10.2.0.1 | Centos6.9 x86_64 | cq |
| 目标库 | 120.46.146.123 | 192.168.0.35 | Oracle10.2.0.1 | Centos6.9 x86_64 |
一.安装前准备
1.1.查询源库信息
1.1.1.查看服务器配置
确保新服务器配置等于或高于旧服务器。
1.1.2.1.查看操作系统版本
[root@cq ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)1.1.2.2.查看磁盘空间
[root@cq ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext4 40G 4.4G 33G 12% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/vdb ext4 493G 446G 22G 96% /opt1.1.2.3.cpu配置
[root@cq ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 79
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2682 v4 @ 2.50GHz
Stepping: 1
CPU MHz: 2499.996
BogoMIPS: 4999.99
Hypervisor vendor: KVM
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 40960K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-31.1.2.4.内存配置
[root@cq ~]# awk '/MemTotal/{print $2}' /proc/meminfo K
8193112 --单位或 [root@cq ~]# free -gtotal used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 7 6 1 3 0 4
-/+ buffers/cache: 1 6
Swap: 15 0 151.1.2.5.磁盘IO速度监控
--磁盘IO速度监控 每间隔3秒监控3次
[root@cq ~]# iostat 3 3
Linux 2.6.32-696.16.1.el6.x86_64 (cq) 05/10/2024 _x86_64_ (4 CPU)avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle7.42 0.00 0.46 3.94 0.00 88.18Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
vda 0.45 0.83 5.53 17854722 118882528
vdb 299.55 13416.03 2750.53 288563271330 59160700608avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle5.35 0.00 1.00 18.90 0.00 74.75Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
vda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
vdb 711.00 67051.00 131.33 201153 394avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle9.71 0.00 0.84 7.28 0.00 82.18Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
vda 1.00 0.00 10.67 0 32
vdb 265.00 19712.00 68.67 59136 206
1.1.2.查看数据库信息
1.1.2.1.统计数据量
由于该库数据量较小，该步骤省略。该步骤只适用于数据量大的场景。
--查看数据文件总大小
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 as "size(G)" from dba_data_files;size(G)
----------
156.899414--查看总大小
select round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024, 2) || 'G'from dba_segmentswhere owner not in ('MDSYS', 'OUTLN', 'CTXSYS', 'OLAPSYS', 'HR', 'SYSTEM','EXFSYS', 'SCOTT', 'DBSNMP', 'ORDSYS', 'SYSMAN', 'OE', 'PM', 'SH','XDB', 'ORDDATA', 'IX', 'SYS', 'WMSYS') ;
或
select round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024, 2) || 'G'from dba_segments;ROUND(SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024/1024,2)||'G'
-----------------------------------------
155.52G 1.1.2.2.清理业务数据
需和开发 直属领导同意。对于占用空间大的表采用方案如下：
1、删除表数据。
2、备份时加参数排除，即不备份对业务来说不重要的表。
--查看表大小超过10G的大表
col owner for a40
col TABLE_NAME for a60
set linesize 999 pagesize 999
select * from (SELECT OWNER,TABLE_NAME,SUM(tabsize) table_size from (SELECT owner,SEGMENT_NAME as table_name,SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024/1024 as tabsize FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE (OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME) IN (SELECT OWNER,TABLE_NAME FROM DBA_TABLES WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS','SYSTEM','DBSNMP'))GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME,ownerunion ALLselect lob.owner,lob.table_name,sum(seg.bytes)/1024/1024/1024 as tabsize from dba_lobs lob,dba_segments seg where lob.segment_name=seg.segment_name and lob.OWNER NOT IN ('SYS','SYSTEM','DBSNMP') group by lob.owner,lob.table_name) GROUP BY OWNER,TABLE_NAME ORDER BY 3 DESC)where table_size>10 ;--查询库中记录数大于2千万的所有表，当前用户拥有select any table权限
select table_name, num_rows from dba_tables t where t.owner = upper('hr') and num_rows > 20000000;
或
select table_name, num_rows from all_tables t where t.owner = upper('hr') and num_rows > 20000000;1.1.2.3.停止监听
--停止监听
su - oracle
[oracle@top130 ~]$ lsnrctl status
[oracle@top130 ~]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@top130 ~]$ lsnrctl stop1.1.2.4.开启防火墙
--开启防火墙
systemctl start firewalld
systemctl status firewalld
firewall-cmd --list-ports1.1.2.5.停止会话
查询会话，如果有业务会话给干掉
--查看不同用户的连接数
select username,count(username) from v$session where username is not null group by username;USERNAME COUNT(USERNAME)
------------------------------ ---------------
CQUSER 5
DEV 78
SYS 1--查询用户会话
select username,serial#, sid from v$session where username is not null;
select username,status,schemaname,osuser,process,machine,port,program,serial#, sid from v$session where username is not null;--删除相关用户会话
alter system kill session 'sid，serial#';补充：
--源库杀用户连接 不建议 该步骤慎重 该文档未进行该操作 该方法迫不得已不用
ps -ef|grep LOCAL=NO|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -91.1.3.查看源库配置
保证新库和源库所有配置相同。
1.1.3.1.查看数据库参数
--数据库的创建日期和归档方式
SELECT to_char(created,'yyyy-mm-dd'), log_mode, log_mode FROM V$database;
TO_CHAR(CR LOG_MODE LOG_MODE
---------- ------------ ------------
2022-08-02 ARCHIVELOG ARCHIVELOG--查数据库版本
SELECT version FROM product_component_version WHERE substr(product, 1, 6) = 'Oracle';
VERSION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.2.0.1.0--查看实例名
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
cqSQL> show parameter nameNAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string cq
db_unique_name string cq
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string cq
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
service_names string cq-- 查看数据库字符集
set linesize 999
col value for a60
select * from nls_database_parameters where PARAMETER in ('NLS_CHARACTERSET','NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET');
PARAMETER VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16select userenv('language') from dual;USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK-- 查看数据库配置参数
set lin 1000 pagesize 999
col NAME for a30
col value for a40
col DISPLAY_VALUE for a40
SELECT name,value,display_value FROM v$parameter
WHERE name IN(
'processes',
'sessions',
'memory_target',
'memory_max_target',
'sga_max_size',
'sga_target',
'pga_aggregate_target'
);
NAME VALUE DISPLAY_VALUE
----------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
processes 1000 1000
sessions 1450 1450
sga_max_size 4294967296 4G
sga_target 4294967296 4G
pga_aggregate_target 1073741824 1G
1.1.3.2.查看用户
--查看用户
USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESPACE TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
BACKUPKEVIN USERS TEMP
TESTSSS USERS TEMP
YUNTEST USERS TEMP
CQTEST CQSCHEMA TEMP
CQUSER CQSCHEMA TEMP
DEV CQSCHEMA TEMP
TEST CQSCHEMA TEMP
DMSYS SYSAUX TEMP
TSMSYS USERS TEMP9 rows selected.--查看用户使用了哪些表空间
select distinct tablespace_name from dba_segments where owner in ('TOPICIS','XFYQ','DSJ','WLSJ');
1.1.3.3.查Role(角色)
由于没有自定义角色，所以不用生成创建角色的sql。
SELECT * FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE GRANTEE IN ('BACKUPKEVIN' ,'TESTSSS' ,'YUNTEST' ,'CQTEST' ,'CQUSER' ,'DEV' ,'TEST' ,'DMSYS' ,'TSMSYS') order by grantee;GRANTEE GRANTED_ROLE ADM DEF
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --- ---
BACKUPKEVIN DBA NO YES
CQTEST CONNECT YES YES
CQTEST DBA YES YES
CQTEST RESOURCE YES YES
CQUSER CONNECT NO YES
CQUSER DBA NO YES
DEV CONNECT NO YES
DEV DBA NO YES
TEST CONNECT YES YES
TEST DBA YES YES
TESTSSS CONNECT YES YES
TESTSSS DBA YES YES
TSMSYS RESOURCE NO YES
YUNTEST CONNECT YES YES
YUNTEST DBA YES YES15 rows selected.如果有有自定义角色，生成创建角色的sql，不含系统角色
--查询用户拥有的非系统角色
SELECT * FROM dba_role_privs where grantee in ('ENTSERVICE') and granted_role not in ('ADM_PARALLEL_EXECUTE_TASK' ,'APEX_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'AUTHENTICATEDUSER' ,'CONNECT' ,'CSW_USR_ROLE' ,'CTXAPP' ,'CWM_USER' ,'DATAPUMP_EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DATAPUMP_IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DBA' ,'DBFS_ROLE' ,'DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EJBCLIENT' ,'EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'GATHER_SYSTEM_STATISTICS' ,'GLOBAL_AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_EXECUTE_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_SELECT_ROLE' ,'IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'JAVADEBUGPRIV' ,'JAVAIDPRIV' ,'JAVASYSPRIV' ,'JAVAUSERPRIV' ,'JAVA_ADMIN' ,'JAVA_DEPLOY' ,'JMXSERVER' ,'LOGSTDBY_ADMINISTRATOR' ,'MGMT_USER' ,'OEM_ADVISOR' ,'OEM_MONITOR' ,'OLAP_DBA' ,'OLAP_USER' ,'OLAP_XS_ADMIN' ,'ORDADMIN' ,'OWBCLIENT' ,'OWB_DESIGNCENTER_VIEW' ,'OWB_USER' ,'RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER' ,'RESOURCE' ,'SCHEDULER_ADMIN' ,'SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN' ,'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN' ,'WFS_USR_ROLE' ,'WM_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'XDBADMIN' ,'XDB_SET_INVOKER' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_OVER_HTTP' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_WITH_PUBLIC');--批量创建非系统角色
select 'create role '|| granted_role||';' from dba_role_privs where grantee in ('ENTSERVICE') and granted_role not in ('ADM_PARALLEL_EXECUTE_TASK' ,'APEX_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'AUTHENTICATEDUSER' ,'CONNECT' ,'CSW_USR_ROLE' ,'CTXAPP' ,'CWM_USER' ,'DATAPUMP_EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DATAPUMP_IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DBA' ,'DBFS_ROLE' ,'DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EJBCLIENT' ,'EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'GATHER_SYSTEM_STATISTICS' ,'GLOBAL_AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_EXECUTE_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_SELECT_ROLE' ,'IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'JAVADEBUGPRIV' ,'JAVAIDPRIV' ,'JAVASYSPRIV' ,'JAVAUSERPRIV' ,'JAVA_ADMIN' ,'JAVA_DEPLOY' ,'JMXSERVER' ,'LOGSTDBY_ADMINISTRATOR' ,'MGMT_USER' ,'OEM_ADVISOR' ,'OEM_MONITOR' ,'OLAP_DBA' ,'OLAP_USER' ,'OLAP_XS_ADMIN' ,'ORDADMIN' ,'OWBCLIENT' ,'OWB_DESIGNCENTER_VIEW' ,'OWB_USER' ,'RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER' ,'RESOURCE' ,'SCHEDULER_ADMIN' ,'SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN' ,'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN' ,'WFS_USR_ROLE' ,'WM_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'XDBADMIN' ,'XDB_SET_INVOKER' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_OVER_HTTP' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_WITH_PUBLIC');--查询非系统角色拥有的角色
select * from dba_role_privs where grantee in (SELECT granted_role FROM dba_role_privs where grantee in ('ENTSERVICE') and granted_role not in ('ADM_PARALLEL_EXECUTE_TASK' ,'APEX_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'AUTHENTICATEDUSER' ,'CONNECT' ,'CSW_USR_ROLE' ,'CTXAPP' ,'CWM_USER' ,'DATAPUMP_EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DATAPUMP_IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DBA' ,'DBFS_ROLE' ,'DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EJBCLIENT' ,'EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'GATHER_SYSTEM_STATISTICS' ,'GLOBAL_AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_EXECUTE_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_SELECT_ROLE' ,'IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'JAVADEBUGPRIV' ,'JAVAIDPRIV' ,'JAVASYSPRIV' ,'JAVAUSERPRIV' ,'JAVA_ADMIN' ,'JAVA_DEPLOY' ,'JMXSERVER' ,'LOGSTDBY_ADMINISTRATOR' ,'MGMT_USER' ,'OEM_ADVISOR' ,'OEM_MONITOR' ,'OLAP_DBA' ,'OLAP_USER' ,'OLAP_XS_ADMIN' ,'ORDADMIN' ,'OWBCLIENT' ,'OWB_DESIGNCENTER_VIEW' ,'OWB_USER' ,'RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER' ,'RESOURCE' ,'SCHEDULER_ADMIN' ,'SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN' ,'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN' ,'WFS_USR_ROLE' ,'WM_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'XDBADMIN' ,'XDB_SET_INVOKER' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_OVER_HTTP' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_WITH_PUBLIC'));--批量生成非系统角色拥有的角色
select 'grant '||granted_role||' to '||grantee||';' from dba_role_privs where grantee in (SELECT granted_role FROM dba_role_privs where grantee in ('ENTSERVICE') and granted_role not in ('ADM_PARALLEL_EXECUTE_TASK' ,'APEX_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'AUTHENTICATEDUSER' ,'CONNECT' ,'CSW_USR_ROLE' ,'CTXAPP' ,'CWM_USER' ,'DATAPUMP_EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DATAPUMP_IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DBA' ,'DBFS_ROLE' ,'DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EJBCLIENT' ,'EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'GATHER_SYSTEM_STATISTICS' ,'GLOBAL_AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_EXECUTE_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_SELECT_ROLE' ,'IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'JAVADEBUGPRIV' ,'JAVAIDPRIV' ,'JAVASYSPRIV' ,'JAVAUSERPRIV' ,'JAVA_ADMIN' ,'JAVA_DEPLOY' ,'JMXSERVER' ,'LOGSTDBY_ADMINISTRATOR' ,'MGMT_USER' ,'OEM_ADVISOR' ,'OEM_MONITOR' ,'OLAP_DBA' ,'OLAP_USER' ,'OLAP_XS_ADMIN' ,'ORDADMIN' ,'OWBCLIENT' ,'OWB_DESIGNCENTER_VIEW' ,'OWB_USER' ,'RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER' ,'RESOURCE' ,'SCHEDULER_ADMIN' ,'SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN' ,'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN' ,'WFS_USR_ROLE' ,'WM_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'XDBADMIN' ,'XDB_SET_INVOKER' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_OVER_HTTP' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_WITH_PUBLIC'));--查看非系统角色拥有的对象权限select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee in (SELECT granted_role FROM dba_role_privs where grantee in ('ENTSERVICE') and granted_role not in ('ADM_PARALLEL_EXECUTE_TASK' ,'APEX_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'AUTHENTICATEDUSER' ,'CONNECT' ,'CSW_USR_ROLE' ,'CTXAPP' ,'CWM_USER' ,'DATAPUMP_EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DATAPUMP_IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DBA' ,'DBFS_ROLE' ,'DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EJBCLIENT' ,'EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'GATHER_SYSTEM_STATISTICS' ,'GLOBAL_AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_EXECUTE_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_SELECT_ROLE' ,'IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'JAVADEBUGPRIV' ,'JAVAIDPRIV' ,'JAVASYSPRIV' ,'JAVAUSERPRIV' ,'JAVA_ADMIN' ,'JAVA_DEPLOY' ,'JMXSERVER' ,'LOGSTDBY_ADMINISTRATOR' ,'MGMT_USER' ,'OEM_ADVISOR' ,'OEM_MONITOR' ,'OLAP_DBA' ,'OLAP_USER' ,'OLAP_XS_ADMIN' ,'ORDADMIN' ,'OWBCLIENT' ,'OWB_DESIGNCENTER_VIEW' ,'OWB_USER' ,'RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER' ,'RESOURCE' ,'SCHEDULER_ADMIN' ,'SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN' ,'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN' ,'WFS_USR_ROLE' ,'WM_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'XDBADMIN' ,'XDB_SET_INVOKER' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_OVER_HTTP' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_WITH_PUBLIC'));--批量生成非系统角色拥有的对象权限select 'grant '||PRIVILEGE ||' to '||grantee||';' from dba_sys_privs where grantee in (SELECT granted_role FROM dba_role_privs where grantee in ('ENTSERVICE') and granted_role not in ('ADM_PARALLEL_EXECUTE_TASK' ,'APEX_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE' ,'AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'AUTHENTICATEDUSER' ,'CONNECT' ,'CSW_USR_ROLE' ,'CTXAPP' ,'CWM_USER' ,'DATAPUMP_EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DATAPUMP_IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'DBA' ,'DBFS_ROLE' ,'DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EJBCLIENT' ,'EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'EXP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'GATHER_SYSTEM_STATISTICS' ,'GLOBAL_AQ_USER_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_EXECUTE_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'HS_ADMIN_SELECT_ROLE' ,'IMP_FULL_DATABASE' ,'JAVADEBUGPRIV' ,'JAVAIDPRIV' ,'JAVASYSPRIV' ,'JAVAUSERPRIV' ,'JAVA_ADMIN' ,'JAVA_DEPLOY' ,'JMXSERVER' ,'LOGSTDBY_ADMINISTRATOR' ,'MGMT_USER' ,'OEM_ADVISOR' ,'OEM_MONITOR' ,'OLAP_DBA' ,'OLAP_USER' ,'OLAP_XS_ADMIN' ,'ORDADMIN' ,'OWBCLIENT' ,'OWB_DESIGNCENTER_VIEW' ,'OWB_USER' ,'RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER' ,'RESOURCE' ,'SCHEDULER_ADMIN' ,'SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE' ,'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN' ,'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN' ,'WFS_USR_ROLE' ,'WM_ADMIN_ROLE' ,'XDBADMIN' ,'XDB_SET_INVOKER' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_OVER_HTTP' ,'XDB_WEBSERVICES_WITH_PUBLIC'));1.1.3.4.查Profile（配置文件）
select username,profile from dba_users;USERNAME PROFILE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SYS DEFAULT
TESTSSS DEFAULT
BACKUPKEVIN DEFAULT
YUNTEST DEFAULT
DEV DEFAULT
CQTEST DEFAULT
CQUSER DEFAULT
TEST DEFAULT
SYSTEM DEFAULT
OUTLN DEFAULT
MGMT_VIEW DEFAULT
MDSYS DEFAULT
ORDSYS DEFAULT
EXFSYS DEFAULT
DMSYS DEFAULT
DBSNMP MONITORING_PROFILE
WMSYS DEFAULT
CTXSYS DEFAULT
ANONYMOUS DEFAULT
SYSMAN DEFAULT
XDB DEFAULT
ORDPLUGINS DEFAULT
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA DEFAULT
OLAPSYS DEFAULT
SCOTT DEFAULT
TSMSYS DEFAULT
MDDATA DEFAULT
DIP DEFAULT28 rows selected.1.1.3.5.查dblink
select * from dba_db_links where username in ('BACKUPKEVIN' ,'TESTSSS' ,'YUNTEST' ,'CQTEST' ,'CQUSER' ,'DEV' ,'TEST' ,'DMSYS' ,'TSMSYS');无返回
1.1.4.锁定业务用户
--查看用户 和现场负责人确定哪些是业务用户，哪些是需要迁的用户
set lin1000 pagesize 999
select username,default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users where username not in ('SYS','SYSTEM','HR','OUTLN','MGMT_VIEW','FLOWS_FILES','MDSYS','ORDSYS','EXFSYS','DBSNMP','WMSYS','APPQOSSYS','APEX_030200','OWBSYS_AUDIT','ORDDATA','CTXSYS','ANONYMOUS','SYSMAN','XDB','ORDPLUGINS','OWBSYS','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','OLAPSYS','SCOTT','ORACLE_OCM','XS$NULL','BI','PM','MDDATA','IX','SH','DIP','OE','APEX_PUBLIC_USER','SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR','SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR');USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESPACE TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
BACKUPKEVIN USERS TEMP
TESTSSS USERS TEMP
YUNTEST USERS TEMP
CQTEST CQSCHEMA TEMP
CQUSER CQSCHEMA TEMP
DEV CQSCHEMA TEMP
TEST CQSCHEMA TEMP
DMSYS SYSAUX TEMP
TSMSYS USERS TEMP9 rows selected.--锁定业务用户
select username,account_status,lock_date from dba_users where username in ('BACKUPKEVIN' ,'TESTSSS' ,'YUNTEST' ,'CQTEST' ,'CQUSER' ,'DEV' ,'TEST' ,'DMSYS' ,'TSMSYS');
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS LOCK_DATE
------------------------------ -------------------------------- --------------
CQTEST OPEN
CQUSER OPEN
BACKUPKEVIN OPEN
TESTSSS OPEN
DEV OPEN
TEST OPEN
YUNTEST OPEN
TSMSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED 02-8Ղ -22
DMSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED 02-8Ղ -229 rows selected.select 'alter user '||username||' account lock;' from dba_users where username in ('BACKUPKEVIN' ,'TESTSSS' ,'YUNTEST' ,'CQTEST' ,'CQUSER' ,'DEV' ,'TEST' ,'DMSYS' ,'TSMSYS') and ACCOUNT_STATU='OPEN';
执行以上输出结果1.1.5.查看表空间及数据文件
-- 查看表空间及数据文件位置及大小
set lin 1000 pagesize 999
col file_name for a55
select tablespace_name,file_name,bytes/1024/1024/1024 gb,AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name;
TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME GB AUT
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---
CQSCHEMA /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/CQSCHEMA1.dbf 30.4882813 YES
CQSCHEMA /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/CQSCHEMA4.dbf 31.171875 YES
CQSCHEMA /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/CQSCHEMA3.dbf 30.8789063 YES
CQSCHEMA /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/CQSCHEMA2.dbf 31.1230469 YES
CQSCHEMA /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/CQSCHEMA5.dbf 30.6347656 YES
SYSAUX /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/sysaux01.dbf .5078125 YES
SYSTEM /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/system01.dbf .537109375 YES
UNDOTBS1 /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/undotbs01.dbf 1.12304688 YES
USERS /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/users01.dbf .434570313 YES9 rows selected.--查看临时表空间及临时表空间数据文件位置及大小
set lin 1000
col FILE_NAME for a60
select TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME,BYTES/1024/1024/1024 total_gb,USER_BYTES/1021/1024/1024 gb from dba_temp_files;TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME TOTAL_GB GB
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------
TEMP /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/temp01.dbf 2.67285156 2.67972576--查看控制文件位置
SQL> show parameter controlNAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time integer 7
control_files string /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/control01.ctl, /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/control02.ctl, /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/control03.ctl--查看redo log大小和位置
set linesize 999
col member for a60
select b.thread#,a.group#,a.member,bytes/1024/1024,b.members,b.status from v$logfile a,v$log b where a.group#=b.group#; THREAD# GROUP# MEMBER BYTES/1024/1024 MEMBERS STATUS
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ---------- ----------------1 3 /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/redo03.log 50 1 INACTIVE1 2 /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/redo02.log 50 1 CURRENT1 1 /opt/oracle/oradata/cq/redo01.log 50 1 INACTIVE
1.1.6..查业务数据
--每个业务用户下的总对象数量校验
SELECT D.OWNER,COUNT(1)FROM dba_objects dWHERE d.OWNER in ('BACKUPKEVIN' ,'TESTSSS' ,'YUNTEST' ,'CQTEST' ,'CQUSER' ,'DEV' ,'TEST' ,'DMSYS' ,'TSMSYS')AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM DBA_RECYCLEBIN B WHERE B.object_name=D.OBJECT_NAME AND D.OWNER=B.owner) GROUP BY D.OWNERORDER BY D.OWNER ;
OWNER COUNT(1)
------------------------------ ----------
CQTEST 407
CQUSER 109
DEV 458
DMSYS 189
TEST 326
TESTSSS 36
TSMSYS 3
YUNTEST 4528 rows selected.--每个业务用户下的各个对象类别的数量校验
set pagesize 999
select OWNER,OBJECT_TYPE,status,count(OBJECT_NAME) from dba_objects where owner in ('BACKUPKEVIN' ,'TESTSSS' ,'YUNTEST' ,'CQTEST' ,'CQUSER' ,'DEV' ,'TEST' ,'DMSYS' ,'TSMSYS') group by OBJECT_TYPE,owner,status order by 1,3,2;OWNER OBJECT_TYPE STATUS COUNT(OBJECT_NAME)
------------------------------ ------------------- ------- ------------------
CQTEST INDEX VALID 161
CQTEST LOB VALID 156
CQTEST TABLE VALID 90
CQUSER INDEX VALID 51
CQUSER LOB VALID 11
CQUSER TABLE VALID 47
DEV INDEX VALID 179
DEV LOB VALID 162
DEV PROCEDURE VALID 4
DEV TABLE VALID 103
DEV VIEW VALID 10
DMSYS FUNCTION VALID 12
DMSYS INDEX VALID 2
DMSYS LIBRARY VALID 6
DMSYS PACKAGE VALID 27
DMSYS PACKAGE BODY VALID 23
DMSYS PROGRAM VALID 9
DMSYS SEQUENCE VALID 1
DMSYS TABLE VALID 2
DMSYS TYPE VALID 94
DMSYS TYPE BODY VALID 12
DMSYS VIEW VALID 1
TEST INDEX VALID 137
TEST LOB VALID 110
TEST TABLE VALID 79
TESTSSS INDEX VALID 20
TESTSSS LOB VALID 5
TESTSSS TABLE VALID 11
TSMSYS INDEX VALID 1
TSMSYS LOB VALID 1
TSMSYS TABLE VALID 1
YUNTEST INDEX VALID 172
YUNTEST LOB VALID 175
YUNTEST PROCEDURE VALID 4
YUNTEST TABLE VALID 97
YUNTEST VIEW VALID 436 rows selected.--查询回收站lob对象数量(可选),lob数量不一致排查
select owner,type,count(*) from dba_recyclebin group by owner,type order by owner;
无返回--数据量统计
----新增count_rows 函数
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION count_rows (table_name IN varchar2, owner IN varchar2 := NULL
)
RETURN number AUTHID current_user
AS
num_rows number;stmt varchar2(2000);
BEGINIF owner IS NULL THENstmt := 'select count(*) from "' || table_name || '"';ELSEstmt := 'select count(*) from "' || owner || '"."' || table_name || '"';END IF;EXECUTE IMMEDIATE stmt INTO num_rows;RETURN num_rows;
END;
/
---调用count_rows 函数，统计各种表的记录数
select table_name, count_rows(table_name) nrows from user_tables where tablespace_name='ENTSERVICE'
order by nrows desc;1.2.查看新库信息
1.2.1.查看服务器配置
确保新服务器配置等于或高于旧服务器。
1.2.2.1.查看操作系统版本
[root@ecs-677a ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.10 (Final)1.2.2.2.查看磁盘空间
[root@ecs-677a ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext4 40G 1.6G 36G 5% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/data-data01ext4 689G 69M 654G 1% /data1.2.2.3.cpu配置
[root@ecs-677a ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 85
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6161 CPU @ 2.20GHz
Stepping: 4
CPU MHz: 2200.000
BogoMIPS: 4400.00
Hypervisor vendor: KVM
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 1024K
L3 cache: 30976K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
1.2.2.4.内存配置
[root@cq ~]# awk '/MemTotal/{print $2}' /proc/meminfo K
8060540 --单位或 [root@cq ~]# free -g
[root@ecs-677a ~]# free -gtotal used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 7 0 7 0 0 0
-/+ buffers/cache: 0 7
Swap: 0 0 01.2.2.5.磁盘IO测速
1.2.2.5.1.创建存放测速文件的目录
--创建存放测速文件的目录
[root@ecs-677a ~]# ls -ld /ddtest --确定不存在该目录
[root@ecs-677a ~]# mkdir -p /ddtest
[root@ecs-677a ~]# cd /ddtest
[root@ecs-677a ddtest]# ls -l
total 01.2.2.5.2.测试纯写入性能
--测试纯写入性能 连续执行3次取平均值
[root@ecs-677a ddtest]# dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=4G count=1 oflag=direct
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 18.0524 s, 119 MB/s
[root@ecs-677a ddtest]# dd if=/dev/zero of=test01 bs=4G count=1 oflag=direct
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 17.8508 s, 120 MB/s
[root@ecs-677a ddtest]# dd if=/dev/zero of=test02 bs=4G count=1 oflag=direct
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 17.7979 s, 121 MB/s1.2.2.5.3.测试纯读取性能
--测试纯读取性能 连续执行3次取平均值
[root@ecs-677a ddtest]# dd if=test of=/dev/null bs=4G count=1 iflag=direct
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 16.1827 s, 133 MB/s
[root@ecs-677a ddtest]# dd if=test01 of=/dev/null bs=4G count=1 iflag=direct
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 16.5974 s, 129 MB/s
[root@ecs-677a ddtest]# dd if=test02 of=/dev/null bs=4G count=1 iflag=direct
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 16.7011 s, 129 MB/s
1.3.新服务器配置
1.3.1.配置主机名
--查看主机名
[root@ecs-677a ddtest]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=ecs-677a
RES_OPTIONS='timeout:1 single-request-reopen'--配置主机名
/bin/hostname cqnew
sysctl kernel.hostname="cqnew"
echo "cqnew" >/proc/sys/kernel/hostname
sed -i "s/^HOSTNAME=.*/HOSTNAME=cqnew/" /etc/sysconfig/network--查看主机名
hostname1.3.2.配置/etc/hosts
如果是弹性云服务器不能配置为对外访问的ip 120.46.146.123 需配置成实际网卡的ip，不然后面监听启动报错。
--查看ip地址
[oracle@cqnew admin]$ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWNlink/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host loinet6 ::1/128 scope hostvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000link/ether fa:16:3e:5d:b5:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.0.35/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe5d:b5d8/64 scope linkvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever--配置/etc/hosts
[root@ecs-677a ddtest]# vi /etc/hosts
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
#127.0.0.1 ecs-677a ecs-677a
192.168.0.35 cqnew 1.3.3.设置系统服务
禁用一些不必要的系统服务
--Linux/Centos 6.10环境下
chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig ip6tables off
chkconfig postfix offLinux/Centos 6.5 采用以下
chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig ip6tables off
chkconfig cups off
chkconfig firstboot off
chkconfig wpa_supplicant off
chkconfig postfix off1.3.4.禁用透明大页
--临时禁用
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag--加入开机启动
echo '
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag' >>/etc/rc.local
chmod +x /etc/rc.local--检查是否关闭透明大页的命令
grep Huge /proc/meminfo1.3.5.关闭numa
注意Centos6和Centos7的配置不一样。
--检查检查OS是否开启NUMA
# numactl --hardware 检查 numa 节点信息available: 1 nodes (0) #如果是2或多个nodes就说明numa没关掉--关闭 numa
numastat #查看vi /etc/grub.conf 设置 numa=off查看每个节点的分配情况【1】numastat 【2】numactl --show然后重启生效，reboot注意：numa=off 要写在内核后
1.3.5.用在线安装方式常用软件及必需软件
安装kernel-devel和kernel-headers，并且在更新系统时，禁止更新kernel
yum -y install kernel-devel kernel-headers && echo exclude=kernel*更新yum
yum -y update安装常用软件
yum -y install autoconf automake binutils-devel bison cpp dos2unix ftp gcc gcc-c++ lrzsz python-devel安装Oracle必需软件
yum -y install compat-db compat-gcc-34 compat-gcc-34-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 glibc-* glibc-*.i686 libXpm-*.i686 libXp.so.6 libXt.so.6 libXtst.so.6 libgcc_s.so.1 ksh libXp libaio-devel numactl numactl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel注：安装完成以上软件后，重启系统。
1.3.6.检查或配置交换空间
若swap>=2G，跳过该步骤，
若swap=0，则执行以下操作
--检查内存配置
[root@cqnew install]# free -gtotal used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 7 7 0 0 0 6
-/+ buffers/cache: 0 7
Swap: 0 0 0--创建指定大小的空文件 /swapfile，并将其格式化为交换分区
dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/swapfile bs=2G count=8--设置文件权限为 0600
chmod 600 /data/swapfile--格式化文件为 Swap 分区
mkswap /data/swapfile--启用 Swap 分区
swapon /data/swapfile--将 Swap 分区信息添加到 /etc/fstab 文件中，以便系统重启后自动加载
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak_20240511
echo "/data/swapfile none swap sw 0 0" >> /etc/fstab--手动挂载所有磁盘
mount -a--查看内存 已经有swap了
[root@cqnew install]# free -gtotal used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 7 5 2 0 0 5
-/+ buffers/cache: 0 7
Swap: 15 0 151.3.7.创建Oracle相关用户和目录
--创建oracle组及用户
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle--创建安装目录
mkdir -p /data/app/oracle
mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/oraInventory
mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle.oinstall /data/app/oracle/
chmod -R 755 /data/app/oracle/--创建数据目录
mkdir -p /data/oracle/oradata/cq
chown -R oracle.oinstall /data/oracle/oradata/cq
chmod -R 755 /data/oracle/oradata/cq1.3.8.修改内核参数
-物理内存（KB）
os_memory_total=$(awk '/MemTotal/{print $2}' /proc/meminfo)--获取系统页面大小，用于计算内存总量
pagesize=$(getconf PAGE_SIZE)min_free_kbytes = $os_memory_total / 250shmall = ($os_memory_total - 1) * 1024 / $pagesizeshmmax = $os_memory_total * 1024 - 1# 如果 shmall 小于 2097152，则将其设为 2097152(($shmall < 2097152)) && shmall=2097152# 如果 shmmax 小于 4294967295，则将其设为 4294967295(($shmmax < 4294967295)) && shmmax=4294967295$shmall
$shmmax
$min_free_kbytes
$local_ifname[root@cqnew ~]# cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf_bak_20240511
[root@cqnew ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce=2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce=2
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 2015134
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=4194304
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
vm.swappiness=0
net.core.somaxconn=1024
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets=5000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=1024
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time=120--使设置生效
sysctl -p1.3.9.配置图形化界面
如果不配置，后面安装过程中调用图形化界面会报错：
yum groupinstall -y "X Window System"
yum groupinstall -y "Desktop"
yum groupinstall -y "Chinese Support"
如果是Centos7
yum groupinstall "GNOMEDesktop" -y
yum groupinstall -y "X Window System"1.3.10.Oracle用户设置Shell限制
编辑/etc/security/limits.conf
cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf_bak_20240511
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
//最后添加如下参数
#add by oracle
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft memlock 6542450944
oracle hard memlock 6542450944编辑/etc/pam.d/login
cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login_bak_20240511vim /etc/pam.d/login
最后添加如下参数
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so编辑/etc/profile
cp /etc/profile /etc/profile_bak_20240511
vim /etc/profile
最后添加如下内容：
#add by oracle
if [ root = "oracle" ]; thenif [ /bin/bash = "/bin/ksh" ]; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fi
fisource /etc/profile编辑/etc/csh.login
cp /etc/csh.login /etc/csh.login_bak_20240511
vim /etc/csh.login
最后添加如下内容：
#add by oracle
if ( $USER == "oracle") thenlimit maxproc 16384limit descriptors 65536
endif编辑/home/oracle/.bash_profile
cp /home/oracle/.bash_profile /home/oracle/.bash_profile_bak_20240511
vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
最后添加如下内容：
#add by oracle
umask 022
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=Centos3
export ORACLE_SID=cqnew
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA".ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin1.3.10.上传Oracle安装包上传至服务器并解压
将Oracle服务端10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz安装包上传至服务器，保存在/data目录下面。
在/data目录下面会生成一个名为database的目录。
cd /data
[root@cqnew data]# ls -l
total 740684
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 758433170 May 11 10:21 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz--解压安装包
cd /data
[root@cqnew data]# zcat 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv > /dev/null 2>&1
[root@cqnew data]# ls -l
total 740684
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 758433170 May 11 10:21 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
drwxr-xr-x 6 94110 42424 4096 Oct 23 2005 database--赋予权限
[root@cqnew data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall database/[root@cqnew data]# ls -l
total 740684
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 758433170 May 11 10:21 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
drwxr-xr-x 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 23 2005 database
以上步骤完成后，重启服务器验证下重启正常。
二.安装过程
2.1.更改参数文件
--解压安装包
su - oracle
cd /data
zcat 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv > /dev/null 2>&1在/data目录下面会生成一个名为database的目录，进入database目录。
编辑install目录下面的oraparam.ini文件，在“Certified Versions”的项目中添加“redhat-6”。
su - oracle
cd /data/database/install/
cp oraparam.ini oraparam.ini_bak_20240511
vim oraparam.ini
[Certified Versions]
Linux=redhat-6,redhat-3,SuSE-9,redhat-4,UnitedLinux-1.0,asianux-1,asianux-22.2.开始安装
2.2.1.安装数据库软件
su - oracle
export DISPLAY=192.168.16.122:0.0
cd /data/database/
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
./runInstaller选择高级安装
选择高级安装“Advanced Installation”，然后Next：
指定产品清单目录和身份证明
指定产品清单目录和身份证明，默认即可：
选择安装类型
选择安装类型，这里选择企业版“Enterprise Edition”，点击“Product Language”按钮可以进行产品语言的选择：
指定安装主目录
指定安装主目录的详细信息，这里默认即可，点击Next:
产品特定的先决条件检查
产品特定的先决条件检查（注：一般会出现warning），默认即可，点击Next：
出现如下的Warning窗口，点击“Yes”继续：
只安装数据库软件
安装过程中会有报错画面，直接“Continue”即可
执行脚本
执行以下脚本后点ok，继续
/data/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/root.sh脚本执行详细过程：
[root@cqnew bin]# /data/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /data/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770.
Changing groupname of /data/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete[root@cqnew bin]# /data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...The following environment variables are set as:ORACLE_OWNER= oracleORACLE_HOME= /data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
安装完成，退出安装。
问题处理
调用图形化失败
如果调用图形化失败，执行下面进行配置图形化界面操作
如果不配置，后面安装过程中调用图形化界面会报错：
yum groupinstall -y "X Window System"
yum groupinstall -y "Desktop"
yum groupinstall -y "Chinese Support"
如果是Centos7
yum groupinstall "GNOMEDesktop" -y
yum groupinstall -y "X Window System"图形化界面乱码
echo $LANG
export LANG=en_US.UTF-82.2.2.创建监听
监听日志：
配置文件路径：/data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/admin
日志文件路径：/data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/log/listener.log
/data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/trace
查看监听文件
--查看ip地址
[oracle@cqnew admin]$ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWNlink/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host loinet6 ::1/128 scope hostvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000link/ether fa:16:3e:5d:b5:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.0.35/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe5d:b5d8/64 scope linkvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever--查看监听文件内容
[oracle@cqnew admin]$ cat /data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.SID_LIST_LISTENER =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)(ORACLE_HOME = /data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1)(PROGRAM = extproc))(SID_DESC =(GLOBAL_DBNAME = cq)(ORACLE_HOME = /data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1)(SID_NAME = cq)))LISTENER =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = cqnew)(PORT = 1521))(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))))
注意事项：如果是弹性云服务器，HOST = ip的场景下，ip应该为实际网卡的ip地址，而不是对外访问的ip地址，不然后面监听启动报错。
问题处理
创建监听最后一步没反应
反应慢导致
--问题描述
[oracle@cqnew database]$ netcaOracle Net Services Configuration:
Warning: Cannot convert string "-b&h-lucida-medium-r-normal-sans-*-140-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1" to type FontStruct
Configuring Listener:LISTENER--问题处理
该报错不影响监听和数据库的创建监听启动失败
--问题描述
[oracle@cqnew admin]$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-5Ղ -2024 13:51:51Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Starting /data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=120.46.146.123)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not existTNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not existLinux Error: 99: Cannot assign requested addressListener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...问题原因
服务器为华为云服务器，120.46.146.123是对外访问ip，实例的网卡ip为192.168.0.35--解决办法
更改/etc/hosts将120.46.146.123更改为192.168.0.35更改/data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora中host为192.168.0.35或者保持主机名手动删除/data/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/dbhome_1/network/admin/目录下的listener.ora和tnsnames.ora配置文件
重新netca添加
查看监听状态正常2.2.3.创建数据库实例
[oracle@cqnew]$cd /data/database
[oracle@cqnew database]$ dbca
问题处理
创建数据库实例最后一步finish点击无反应
安装日志位置：安装日志/oraInventory/logs
--问题描述
[oracle@cqnew]$cd /data/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs
[oracle@cqnew logs]$ cat oraInstall2024-05-14_10-53-26AM.err
java.lang.NullPointerExceptionat oracle.sysman.oii.oiin.OiinNetOps.addNICInfo(OiinNetOps.java:143)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiin.OiinNetOps.computeNICList(OiinNetOps.java:108)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiin.OiinNetOps.<init>(OiinNetOps.java:75)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiin.OiinNetOps.getNetOps(OiinNetOps.java:89)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiif.oiifw.OiifwHostNameWCDE.initialize(OiifwHostNameWCDE.java:111)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiif.oiifb.OiifbCondIterator.iterate(OiifbCondIterator.java:152)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicDepWizEngine.doOperation(OiicDepWizEngine.java:424)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiif.oiifb.OiifbCondIterator.iterate(OiifbCondIterator.java:171)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicPullSession.doOperation(OiicPullSession.java:1273)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicSessionWrapper.doOperation(OiicSessionWrapper.java:289)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicInstaller.run(OiicInstaller.java:546)at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicInstaller.runInstaller(OiicInstaller.java:929)at oracle.sysman.oio.oioc.OiocOneClickInstaller.runInstaller(OiocOneClickInstaller.java:1925)at oracle.sysman.oio.oioc.OiocOneClickInstaller.main(OiocOneClickInstaller.java:2149)--解决办法
监听未配置，$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/无listener.ora文件注意安装顺序：数据库软件--监听--实例若有疑问，可关注公众号解惑哈
参考链接：
https://blog.51cto.com/u_11233498/4720527
