[python]邮件发送注意事项-编程知识

[python]邮件发送注意事项

news/2024/10/5 8:16:12/文章来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/mllt/p/18286902

邮件格式

关于发信，需要遵循国际发信协议要求[4]，例如RFC5322协议，避免因为格式不合法，导致被收信服务器拒收。

在二零二三年以前，在开发Python的邮箱发信接口时，对邮箱格式要求不高，主要还算因为发信协议的不够完善，因此之前发信接口的开发比较随意，但随着近年来的发展，电子邮件的广泛应用，邮件相关协议也逐渐完善，例如在RFC2047, RFC822协议，明确支出了邮件标头"From"的形式有两种写法，第一种写法是邮箱地址的形式（用户名@邮件服务器域名），第二种写法是“昵称”+空格+<“邮件地址”> 的形式，并且规定如果昵称不仅仅包含ASCLL字符时，需要使用base64对昵称进行编码，并且规定昵称使用base64编码后的最终格式为"=?" charset "?" encoding "?" encoded-text "?="

参考代码

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# 开发人员：萌狼蓝天
# 博客：Https://mllt.cc
# 笔记：Https://cnblogs.com/mllt
# 哔哩哔哩/微信公众号：萌狼蓝天
# 开发时间：2022/5/6
# Coding：UTF-8
import hashlibimport flask, json
from flask import request
import smtplib
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
import randomclass EmailSentObject:"""发送邮件对象"""mail_host = "smtp.ym.163.com"  # 网易企业邮箱SMTP服务器mail_admin = '请输入邮箱'  # 企业邮箱账号mail_pwd = '请输入密码'  # 企业邮箱密码mail_sender = "请输入邮箱"  # 企业邮箱账号admin_name = "萌狼工作室"  # 发信人姓名admin_name_base64 = '=?utf-8?B?6JCM54u85bel5L2c5a6k?='admin_email = mail_sender  # 发信人邮箱 与企业邮箱账号保持一致# nc -w 2 smtp.ym.163.com 465 < /dev/null && echo "port is ok"def __init__(self, receiver_email, receivers_name, subject, content):"""邮件发送对象参数:param receiver_email: 接收者邮件，类型为List:param receivers_name: 接收者姓名，类型为string:param subject: 邮件主题，类型为string:param content: 邮件正文，支持解析HTML标签，类型为string"""self.receivers_email = receiver_email  # 接收者邮件，类型为Listself.receivers_name = receivers_name  # 接收者姓名，类型为stringself.subject = subject  # 邮件主题，类型为stringself.content = content  # 邮件正文，支持解析HTML标签，类型为stringdef sent(self):"""发送邮件:return: 成功返回 True | 失败返回 False"""message = MIMEMultipart('related')message['From'] = '"{}" <{}>'.format(self.admin_name_base64, self.admin_email)# message['From'] = Header('{}'.format(self.admin_email), 'utf-8')  # 发信人# message['From'] = Header('"{}" <{}>'.format(self.admin_name_base64, self.admin_email), 'utf-8', header_name="From")  # 发信人print(message['From'])message['To'] = Header(self.receivers_email, 'utf-8')  # 收信人message['Subject'] = Header(self.subject, 'utf-8')  # 邮件主题msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')message.attach(msgAlternative)msgAlternative.attach(MIMEText(self.content, 'html', 'utf-8'))try:smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.mail_host)  # 连接发信服务器smtpObj.connect(self.mail_host, 465)smtpObj.login(self.mail_admin, self.mail_pwd)  # 发信账号连接smtpObj.sendmail(self.mail_sender, self.receivers_email, message.as_string())  # 发送邮件return Trueexcept  smtplib.SMTPException:return Falsedef send_email_code(receiver, name):code = str(random.randint(0, 10)) + str(random.randint(0, 9)) + str(random.randint(0, 9)) + str(random.randint(0, 9)) + str(random.randint(0, 9)) + str(random.randint(0, 9))subject = "【验证码】萌狼工作室旗下产品用户操作验证码"content = """<p>[萌狼工作室]操作验证，您的验证码为</p><h1>{}<h1><p>请勿泄露自己的验证码。</p><p>如果这不是你自己操作获得的邮件，忽略即可。</p><small>（本邮件发送发送自萌狼工作室通知专用企业邮箱，无需回复）</small>""".format(code)sent = EmailSentObject(receiver, name, subject, content).sent()if sent:return codeelse:return -1def send(receiver, name, key):if receiver == "":return {"Error": 0, "提示": "未填写收信邮箱"}  # 未填写邮箱if name == "":name = receivermd5hash = hashlib.md5()md5hash.update(key.encode(encoding='utf-8'))md5 = md5hash.hexdigest()if md5 == "4fa638bf5ac1d9cb8d43474a4a19294c":code = send_email_code(receiver, name)if code == -1:# 邮件发送失败return {"code":46501, "msg": "发送失败,请检查邮箱是否正确"}  # 邮件发送失败return {"code":1, "msg": "发送成功", "data": {"user": name, "receiver": receiver, "code": code}}return {"code": 46500, "msg": "没有权限"}  # 无权限操作if __name__ == '__main__':key= "哔哩哔哩：萌狼蓝天"md5hash = hashlib.md5()md5hash.update(key.encode(encoding='utf-8'))md5 = md5hash.hexdigest()print(md5)