Interceptor 介绍
拦截器(Interceptor)同 Filter 过滤器一样,它俩都是面向切面编程——AOP 的具体实现(AOP切面编程只是一种编程思想而已)。
你可以使用 Interceptor 来执行某些任务,例如在 Controller 处理请求之前编写日志,添加或更新配置......
在 Spring中,当请求发送到 Controller 时,在被Controller处理之前,它必须经过 Interceptors(0或多个)。
Spring Interceptor是一个非常类似于Servlet Filter 的概念 。
Interceptor 作用
- 日志记录:记录请求信息的日志,以便进行信息监控、信息统计、计算 PV(Page View)等;
- 权限检查:如登录检测,进入处理器检测是否登录;
- 性能监控:通过拦截器在进入处理器之前记录开始时间,在处理完后记录结束时间,从而得到该请求的处理时间。(反向代理,如 Apache 也可以自动记录)
- 通用行为:读取 Cookie 得到用户信息并将用户对象放入请求,从而方便后续流程使用,还有如提取 Locale、Theme 信息等,只要是多个处理器都需要的即可使用拦截器实现。
自定义 Interceptor
如果你需要自定义 Interceptor 的话必须实现 org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor接口或继承 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter类,并且需要重写下面下面 3 个方法:
-
preHandler(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
方法在请求处理之前被调用。该方法在 Interceptor 类中最先执行,用来进行一些前置初始化操作或是对当前请求做预处理,也可以进行一些判断来决定请求是否要继续进行下去。该方法的返回至是 Boolean 类型,当它返回 false 时,表示请求结束,后续的 Interceptor 和 Controller 都不会再执行;当它返回为 true 时会继续调用下一个 Interceptor 的 preHandle 方法,如果已经是最后一个 Interceptor 的时候就会调用当前请求的 Controller 方法。 -
postHandler(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
方法在当前请求处理完成之后,也就是 Controller 方法调用之后执行,但是它会在 DispatcherServlet 进行视图返回渲染之前被调用,所以我们可以在这个方法中对 Controller 处理之后的 ModelAndView 对象进行操作。 -
afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handle, Exception ex)
方法需要在当前对应的 Interceptor 类的 postHandler 方法返回值为 true 时才会执行。顾名思义,该方法将在整个请求结束之后,也就是在 DispatcherServlet 渲染了对应的视图之后执行。此方法主要用来进行资源清理。
接下来结合实际代码进行学习。
LogInterceptor 类:
public class LogInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {@Overridepublic boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("\n-------- LogInterception.preHandle --- ");System.out.println("Request URL: " + request.getRequestURL());System.out.println("Start Time: " + System.currentTimeMillis());request.setAttribute("startTime", startTime);return true;}@Overridepublic void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {System.out.println("\n-------- LogInterception.postHandle --- ");System.out.println("Request URL: " + request.getRequestURL());}@Overridepublic void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {System.out.println("\n-------- LogInterception.afterCompletion --- ");long startTime = (Long) request.getAttribute("startTime");long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("Request URL: " + request.getRequestURL());System.out.println("End Time: " + endTime);System.out.println("Time Taken: " + (endTime - startTime));}
}
OldLoginInterceptor 类:
public class OldLoginInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {@Overridepublic boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {System.out.println("\n-------- OldLoginInterceptor.preHandle --- ");System.out.println("Request URL: " + request.getRequestURL());System.out.println("Sorry! This URL is no longer used, Redirect to /admin/login");response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+ "/admin/login");return false;}@Overridepublic void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {System.out.println("\n-------- OldLoginInterceptor.postHandle --- ");}@Overridepublic void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {System.out.println("\n-------- OldLoginInterceptor.afterCompletion --- ");}
}
配置拦截器 :
@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {@Overridepublic void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {registry.addInterceptor(new LogInterceptor());registry.addInterceptor(new OldLoginInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/admin/oldLogin");registry.addInterceptor(new AdminInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/admin/*").excludePathPatterns("/admin/oldLogin");}
}
LogInterceptor 拦截器用于拦截所有请求;
OldLoginInterceptor 用来拦截链接 “ / admin / oldLogin”,它将重定向到新的 “ / admin / login”。;
AdminInterceptor用来拦截链接 “/admin/*”,除了链接 “ / admin / oldLogin”。
自定义 Controller 验证拦截器
@Controller
public class LoginController {@RequestMapping("/index")public String index(Model model){return "index";}@RequestMapping(value = "/admin/login")public String login(Model model){return "login";}
}
同时依赖 thymeleaf 模板构建两个页面。
index.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Spring Boot Mvc Interceptor example</title>
</head><body>
<div style="border: 1px solid #ccc;padding: 5px;margin-bottom:10px;"><a th:href="@{/}">Home</a> | <a th:href="@{/admin/oldLogin}">/admin/oldLogin (OLD URL)</a>
</div><h3>Spring Boot Mvc Interceptor</h3><span style="color:blue;">Testing LogInterceptor</span>
<br/><br/>See Log in Console..</body>
</html>
login.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Spring Boot Mvc Interceptor example</title>
</head>
<body><div style="border: 1px solid #ccc;padding: 5px;margin-bottom:10px;"><a th:href="@{/}">Home</a> | <a th:href="@{/admin/oldLogin}">/admin/oldLogin (OLD URL)</a>
</div><h3>This is Login Page</h3><span style="color:blue">Testing OldLoginInterceptor & AdminInterceptor</span>
<br/><br/>
See more info in the Console.</body></html>
运行程序并测试效果
一切准备完毕,启动该项目。打开网址: http://localhost:8080/index
关于该请求在后台的执行过程,用图解的方式进行展示:
如果此时点击 /admin/oldLogin (OLD URL) 或者在网址栏输入:http://localhost:8080/admin/oldLogin
控制台打印结果:
-------- LogInterception.preHandle ---
Request URL: http://localhost:8080/admin/oldLogin
Start Time: 1576329730709-------- OldLoginInterceptor.preHandle ---
Request URL: http://localhost:8080/admin/oldLogin
Sorry! This URL is no longer used, Redirect to /admin/login-------- LogInterception.afterCompletion ---
Request URL: http://localhost:8080/admin/oldLogin
End Time: 1576329730709
Time Taken: 0-------- LogInterception.preHandle ---
Request URL: http://localhost:8080/admin/login
Start Time: 1576329730716-------- AdminInterceptor.preHandle --- -------- AdminInterceptor.postHandle --- -------- LogInterception.postHandle ---
Request URL: http://localhost:8080/admin/login-------- AdminInterceptor.afterCompletion --- -------- LogInterception.afterCompletion ---
Request URL: http://localhost:8080/admin/login
End Time: 1576329730718
Time Taken: 2