Author: ACatSmiling
Since: 2024-11-13
CUDA（Compute Unified Device Architecture）：是 NVIDIA 推出的一种并行计算平台和编程模型，它允许开发者利用 NVIDIA GPU（图形处理器）的强大计算能力进行通用计算，而不仅仅局限于图形处理。简单来说，CUDA 提供了一种方式，让程序员可以像编写 CPU 程序一样来编写能够在 GPU 上高效运行的程序。
安装步骤：
-
根据操作系统版本和 GPU 型号等，下载对应的 cuda 驱动，下载地址：https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads
-
检查服务器 GPU 识别情况，确保 GPU 卡能够完全识别，如不能识别，需要进行重新插拔、对调测试等步骤进行硬件排查。
[root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# lspci | grep -i nvidia 00:07.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 2236 (rev a1) -
安装 gcc，g++ 编译器。（GPU 驱动安装时，需要 gcc 编译器）
[root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper Target: x86_64-redhat-linux Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux Thread model: posix gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) [root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# g++ -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=g++ COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper Target: x86_64-redhat-linux Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux Thread model: posix gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)yum install gcc和yum install gcc-c++。
-
安装 kernel-devel 和 kernel-headers 软件包。
[root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# yum list | grep kernel Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast kernel.x86_64 3.10.0-693.el7 @anaconda kernel-abi-whitelists.noarch 3.10.0-693.el7 @base-52 kernel-devel.x86_64 3.10.0-693.el7 @anaconda kernel-headers.x86_64 3.10.0-693.el7 @anaconda kernel-tools.x86_64 3.10.0-693.el7 @anaconda kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 3.10.0-693.el7 @anaconda abrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64 2.1.11-60.el7.centos base erlang-kernel.x86_64 R16B-03.18.el7 epel kernel.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7 updates kernel-abi-whitelists.noarch 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7 updates kernel-debug.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7 updates kernel-debug-devel.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7 updates kernel-devel.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7 updates kernel-doc.noarch 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7 updates kernel-headers.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7 updates kernel-tools.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7 updates kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7 updates kernel-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7 updates libreport-plugin-kerneloops.x86_64 2.1.11-53.el7.centos base lirc-disable-kernel-rc.noarch 0.10.0-16.el7 epel php-symfony-http-kernel.noarch 2.8.12-2.el7 epel texlive-l3kernel.noarch 2:svn29409.SVN_4469-45.el7 base texlive-l3kernel-doc.noarch 2:svn29409.SVN_4469-45.el7 baseyum install kernet-devel-$(uname -r) kernel-headers-$(uname -r)。
-
禁用系统自带的 nouveau 模块。
# 检查 nouveau 模块是否加载 [root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# lsmod | grep nouveau nouveau 1622010 0 mxm_wmi 13021 1 nouveau wmi 19070 2 mxm_wmi,nouveau video 24520 1 nouveau i2c_algo_bit 13413 1 nouveau drm_kms_helper 159169 2 cirrus,nouveau ttm 99345 2 cirrus,nouveau drm 370825 5 ttm,drm_kms_helper,cirrus,nouveau i2c_core 40756 5 drm,i2c_piix4,drm_kms_helper,i2c_algo_bit,nouveau# 编辑 /usr/lib/modprobe.d/dist-blacklist.conf，添加以下内容，如果没有则创建 [root@desong-gpu-wushan modprobe.d]# vim /usr/lib/modprobe.d/dist-blacklist.conf blacklist nouveau options nouveau modeset=0# 使内核生效 [root@desong-gpu-wushan modprobe.d]# dracut -force -
修改系统运行级别为文本模式，GPU 驱动安装必须在文本模式下进行。
[root@desong-gpu-wushan modprobe.d]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target. # 重启系统 [root@desong-gpu-wushan modprobe.d]# reboot -
验证 nouveau 模块禁用生效，并进入文本模式。
[root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# lsmod | grep nouveau -
cuda 安装。
# 赋予 cuda 安装包可执行权限 [root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# chmod +x cuda_12.2.0_535.54.03_linux.run # 执行 cuda 安装命令 [root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# ./cuda_12.2.0_535.54.03_linux.run --no-opengl-libs
- 默认全部安装，如果已经安装过 GPU 驱动，则取消 Driver 选项的勾选。
Driver: Installed Toolkit: Installed in /usr/local/cuda-12.2/Please make sure that- PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-12.2/bin- LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-12.2/lib64, or, add /usr/local/cuda-12.2/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as rootTo uninstall the CUDA Toolkit, run cuda-uninstaller in /usr/local/cuda-12.2/bin To uninstall the NVIDIA Driver, run nvidia-uninstall Logfile is /var/log/cuda-installer.log -
配置环境变量。
[root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# vim /etc/profile export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH -
生效环境变量。
[root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# source /etc/profile -
测试 cuda 是否安装成功。
[root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# nvcc -V nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver Copyright (c) 2005-2023 NVIDIA Corporation Built on Tue_Jun_13_19:16:58_PDT_2023 Cuda compilation tools, release 12.2, V12.2.91 Build cuda_12.2.r12.2/compiler.32965470_0 -
修改系统运行级别为图形模式，然后重启系统。
[root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target. [root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# reboot -
验证GPU驱动及CUDA安装成功，以及图形化界面显示正常。
[root@desong-gpu-wushan ~]# nvidia-smi Wed Nov 6 07:18:06 2024 +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NVIDIA-SMI 535.54.03 Driver Version: 535.54.03 CUDA Version: 12.2 | |-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | GPU Name Persistence-M | Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC | | Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. | | | | MIG M. | |=========================================+======================+======================| | 0 NVIDIA A10 Off | 00000000:00:07.0 Off | 0 | | 0% 39C P0 58W / 150W | 4MiB / 23028MiB | 0% Default | | | | N/A | +-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------++---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Processes: | | GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory | | ID ID Usage | |=======================================================================================| | No running processes found | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
![[RoarCTF 2019]Easy Java 1](https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/3554714/202411/3554714-20241114231438056-344752882.png)
