1、实验任务一
Complex.hpp
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <stdexcept>// 声明 //////////////////////////////////////////////////// // 复数模板类声明 template<typename T> class Complex { public:Complex(T r = 0, T i = 0);Complex(const Complex<T> &c);T get_real() const;T get_imag() const;// 重载+=为成员函数Complex<T>& operator+=(const Complex<T> &c);// 重载<<、>>为友元函数template<typename T1>friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Complex<T1> &c);template<typename T1>friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &in, Complex<T1> &c);private:T real, imag; };// 普通函数声明 // 重载+用于Complex类型 template<typename T> Complex<T> operator+(const Complex<T> &c1, const Complex<T> &c2);// 重载==用于Complex类型 template<typename T> bool operator==(const Complex<T> &c1, const Complex<T> &c2);// 实现 //////////////////////////////////////////////////// // 成员函数模板实现 template<typename T> Complex<T>::Complex(T r, T i): real{r}, imag{i} { }template<typename T> Complex<T>::Complex(const Complex<T> &c): real{c.real}, imag{c.imag} { }template<typename T> T Complex<T>::get_real() const {return real; }template<typename T> T Complex<T>::get_imag() const {return imag; }// 重载+=为成员函数 template<typename T> Complex<T>& Complex<T>::operator+=(const Complex<T> &c) {real += c.real;imag += c.imag;return *this; }/////////////////////////////////////// // 友元函数模板实现 template<typename T1> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Complex<T1> &c) {if(c.imag >= 0)out << c.real << " + " << c.imag << "i";elseout << c.real << " - " << -c.imag << "i";return out; }template<typename T1> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &in, Complex<T1> &c) {in >> c.real >> c.imag;return in; }/////////////////////////////////////// // 普通函数模板实现 // 重载+用于Complex类型 template<typename T> Complex<T> operator+(const Complex<T> &c1, const Complex<T> &c2) {return Complex<T>(c1.get_real()+c2.get_real(), c1.get_imag()+c2.get_imag()); }// 重载==用于Complex类型 template<typename T> bool operator==(const Complex<T> &c1, const Complex<T> &c2) {return c1.get_real() == c2.get_real() && c1.get_imag() && c2.get_imag(); }
task1.cpp
#include "Complex.hpp" #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <stdexcept>void test1(); void test2();int main() {using namespace std;cout << "测试1: 复数模板类测试" << endl;test1();cout << "\n测试2: 文件I/O测试" << endl;test2(); }void test1() {using namespace std;Complex<double> c1{3.5, 2}, c2;cout << "Enter c2: ";cin >> c2;cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;cout << "c1 == c2: " << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;c1 += c2;cout << "c1.real = " << c1.get_real() << endl;cout << "c1.imag = " << c1.get_imag() << endl;cout << "c1 == c2: " << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl; }void test2() {using namespace std;Complex<int> c1{1, 2}, c2{9, -7};ofstream out("ans.txt");if(!out.is_open()) {cout << "fail to open file ans.txt to write\n";return;}out << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;out << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;out << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;out << "(c1 == c2) = " << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;out.close();cout << "测试ok!" << endl; }
测试结果运行：
2、实验任务2
Contestant.hpp
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string>using std::string; using std::ostream; using std::istream; using std::setw; using std::setprecision; using std::setiosflags; using std::ios_base;// Contestant类声明 class Contestant { public:Contestant() = default;~Contestant() = default;int get_num() const { return num; }float get_time_usage() const { return time_usage; }friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Contestant &c);friend istream& operator>>(istream &in, Contestant &c);private:string no; // 学号string name; // 姓名string major; // 专业int num; // 解题数float time_usage; // 总用时 };// 友元函数实现 // 重载流插入运算符<< ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Contestant &c) {out << setiosflags(ios_base::left);out << setw(15) << c.no<< setw(15) << c.name<< setw(15) << c.major<< setw(5) << c.num<< setprecision(2) << c.time_usage;return out; }// 重载流提取运算符>> istream& operator>>(istream &in, Contestant &c) {in >> c.no >> c.name >> c.major >> c.num >> c.time_usage;return in; }
utils.hpp
#include "Contestant.hpp" #include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector>// 排序函数 // 按解题数比较，解题数相同的情况下，按总用时比较，总用时越少，排名越靠前 bool compare_by_solutionInfo(const Contestant &c1, const Contestant &c2) {if(c1.get_num() > c2.get_num())return true;if(c1.get_num() == c2.get_num())return c1.get_time_usage() < c2.get_time_usage();return false; }// 把vector<Constestant>对象中的元素插入到输出流out void output(std::ostream &out, const std::vector<Contestant> &v) {for(auto &i: v)out << i << std::endl; }// 把vector<Contestant>对象中的元素写到filename文件中 void save(const std::string &filename, std::vector<Contestant> &v) {using std::ofstream;ofstream out(filename);if(!out.is_open()) {std::cout << "fail to open file to write\n";return;}output(out, v);out.close(); }// 从文件filename读取参赛选手信息到vector<Contestant>对象 void load(const std::string &filename, std::vector<Contestant> &v) {using std::ifstream;ifstream in(filename);if(!in.is_open()) {std::cout << "fail to open file to read\n";return;}std::string title_line;getline(in, title_line); // 跳过标题行int first_column;Contestant t;while(in >> first_column >> t) v.push_back(t);in.close(); }
task2.cpp
#include "Contestant.hpp" #include "utils.hpp" #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <algorithm>void test() {using namespace std;vector<Contestant> v;load("data2.txt", v); // 从文件加载选手信息到对象vsort(v.begin(), v.end(), compare_by_solutionInfo); // 按解题情况排序output(cout, v); // 输出对象v中信息到屏幕save("ans.txt", v); // 把对象v中选手信息保存到文件 }int main() {test(); }
测试结果运行：
3、实验任务三
Triangle.hpp
#include <iostream> #include <stdexcept> #include <cmath>using namespace std;class Triangle { public:Triangle(double s1, double s2, double s3);~Triangle() = default;double area() const;private:double a, b, c; };Triangle::Triangle(double s1, double s2, double s3): a{s1}, b{s2}, c{s3} {if(a <= 0 || b <= 0 || c <= 0)throw invalid_argument("边长出现负值");if(a+b <= c || b+c <= a || a+c <= b) throw invalid_argument("不满足任意两边之和大于第三边"); }double Triangle::area() const {double s = (a + b + c)/2;return sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c)); }
task3.cpp
#include "Triangle.hpp" #include <iostream> #include <fstream>void test() {using namespace std;cout << "从文件读入三角形三边边长，计算面积" << endl;ifstream in("data3.txt");if(!in.is_open()) {cout << "fail to open file to read\n";return;}double a,b,c;do {cout << "三角形边长: ";in >> a >> b >> c;cout << a << " " << b << " " << c << endl;try {Triangle t(a, b, c);cout << "三角形面积: " << t.area() << endl << endl;}catch(const exception &e) {cout << "error: " << e.what() << endl << endl;}if(in.peek() == EOF)break;} while(1);in.close(); }int main() {test(); }
测试结果运行：
4、实验任务4
Vector.hpp
#pragma once #include<iostream> #include<stdexcept> using namespace std; template <typename T> class Vector{private:int size;T *data;template<typename T1>friend void output(const Vector<T1> &v) ;public:Vector(int n){if(n<0)throw length_error("Size cannot be negative");data =new T[n];size=n;}Vector(int n,T value){if(n<0)throw length_error("Size cannot be negative");data =new T[n];size=n;for(int i=0;i<n;i++)data[i]=value;}Vector(const Vector<T>& other) {size = other.size;data = new T[size];for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {data[i] = other.data[i];}}~Vector() {delete[] data;}int get_size()const{return size; };T& at(int i) const {if(i<0||i>=size)throw out_of_range(" index out of range");return data[i];};T& operator[](int i){if(i>size)throw out_of_range(" index out of range");return data[i];}};template<typename T1> void output(const Vector<T1> &v) {for(int i=0;i<v.size;i++)cout<<v.at(i)<<","<<" ";cout<<endl; }
task4.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "Vector.hpp"void test1() {using namespace std;int n;cout << "Enter n: ";cin >> n;Vector<double> x1(n);for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)x1.at(i) = i * 0.7;cout << "x1: "; output(x1);Vector<int> x2(n, 42);const Vector<int> x3(x2);cout << "x2: "; output(x2);cout << "x3: "; output(x3);x2.at(0) = 77;x2.at(1) = 777;cout << "x2: "; output(x2);cout << "x3: "; output(x3); }void test2() {using namespace std;int n, index;while(cout << "Enter n and index: ", cin >> n >> index) {try {Vector<int> v(n, n);v.at(index) = -999;cout << "v: "; output(v);}catch (const exception &e) {cout << e.what() << endl;}} }int main() {cout << "测试1: 模板类接口测试\n";test1();cout << "\n测试2: 模板类异常处理测试\n";test2(); }
测试结果运行：
5、实验任务5
Count.hpp
#pragma once #include<iostream> #include<iomanip> #include<string> #include<vector> #include<fstream> using namespace std;class Count{private:string No;string name;string major;int score;public:Count()=default;~Count()=default;int get_score()const;string get_major()const;friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,const Count &c);friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,Count &c);};int Count::get_score()const{return score;}string Count::get_major() const{return major;}ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,const Count &c){out << setiosflags(ios_base::left);out<<setw(15)<<c.No<<setw(15)<<c.name<<setw(15)<<c.major<<setw(5)<<c.score;return out;}istream& operator>>(istream &in, Count &c){in>>c.No>>c.name>>c.major>>c.score;return in;}bool compare(const Count &c1,const Count &c2){if(c1.get_major() < c2.get_major())return true;if(c1.get_major() == c2.get_major())return c1.get_score()>c2.get_score();return false;}void output(ostream &out,const vector<Count> &v){for(auto &i: v)out << i << endl;}void load(const string &filename,vector<Count> &v){ifstream in(filename);if(!in.is_open()){cout << "fail to open file to read\n";return ;}string title_line;getline(in,title_line);Count c;while(in>>c)v.push_back(c);in.close(); } void save(const string &filename,vector<Count> &v){ofstream out(filename);if(!out.is_open()){cout << "fail to open fele to write\n";return ;}output(out,v);out.close(); }
task5.cpp
#include "Count.hpp" #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm>int main(){vector<Count> v;load("data5.txt",v);sort(v.begin(),v.end(),compare);output(cout,v);save("ans5.txt",v); }
测试结果运行：
