Process(流程)是为实现特定业务目标而设计的步骤集合,通过提供服务或产品,为客户创造价值。每个流程由一系列有序的活动组成,这些活动共同完成一个整体目标,旨在提升效率、优化决策,并促进跨团队协作。
在Microsoft Semantic Kernel框架中,Process Framework是一种强大的自动化解决方案,用于管理复杂工作流。该框架通过调用用户定义的Kernel Functions,将AI无缝嵌入业务流程,与现有系统和代码紧密集成,显著增强工作流的灵活性和智能化。
该框架采用事件驱动模型,管理流程执行。每个步骤明确定义输入和输出,支持事件与元数据的触发机制,确保高效流转。同时,通过模块化设计,流程和步骤可以跨应用重用,支持扩展性。框架还通过开放遥测(Open Telemetry)实现流程的全面控制与可审计性,确保透明性与可靠性。
关键概念包括:
- Process(流程):实现特定客户目标的任务集合。
- Step(步骤):流程中的基本活动,具有明确输入与输出。
- Pattern(模式):定义步骤的执行顺序,确保流程完整运行。
通过Process Framework,企业能够构建智能、响应迅速的工作流,大幅提升生产力和运营效率,实现业务流程的现代化与智能化。
下面是一个正向的用Mermaid组织的行程流程:
```Mermaid flowchartA[Start] --> B[提取用户信息]B --> C{预订机票}C -- 是 --> D{预订酒店}C -- 否 --> E[发邮件提醒]D --> F{预订用车}D --> G[发邮件提醒]F -- 是 --> H[生成行程单]F -- 否 --> I[发邮件提醒]H --> I[订单完成]I --> J[End] ```
具体图像如下:
如果用SK的Process实现如下:
#pragma warning disable SKEXP0080 using Microsoft.SemanticKernel; using Microsoft.SemanticKernel.ChatCompletion; using Microsoft.SemanticKernel.Connectors.OpenAI; using System.Reflection; using System.Text.Json.Serialization; var process = new ProcessBuilder("Trip"); var getCustomerStep = process.AddStepFromType<GetCustomerStep>(); var tripAirStep = process.AddStepFromType<TripAirTicketProcessStep>(); var tripHotelStep = process.AddStepFromType<TripHotelProcessStep>(); var tripCarStep = process.AddStepFromType<TripCarProcessStep>(); var mailServiceStep = process.AddStepFromType<MailServiceStep>(); var tripCompleteStep = process.AddStepFromType<TripCompleteStep>(); var stopProcessStep = process.AddStepFromType<StopProcessStep>(); process.OnInputEvent(TripEvents.StartProcess).SendEventTo(new ProcessFunctionTargetBuilder(getCustomerStep, GetCustomerStep.Functions.GetCustomer)); getCustomerStep.OnEvent(TripEvents.GetCustomer).SendEventTo(new ProcessFunctionTargetBuilder(tripAirStep, TripAirTicketProcessStep.Functions.TripAirTicket, parameterName: "customer")); tripAirStep.OnEvent(TripEvents.TripAirTicketSuccess).SendEventTo(new ProcessFunctionTargetBuilder(tripHotelStep, TripHotelProcessStep.Functions.TripHotel)); tripAirStep.OnEvent(TripEvents.TripAirTicketFail).SendEventTo(new ProcessFunctionTargetBuilder(mailServiceStep, MailServiceStep.Functions.SendMailToUserWithDetails, parameterName: "message")); tripHotelStep.OnEvent(TripEvents.TripHotelSuccess).SendEventTo(new ProcessFunctionTargetBuilder(tripCarStep, TripCarProcessStep.Functions.TripCar)); tripHotelStep.OnEvent(TripEvents.TripHotelFail).SendEventTo(new ProcessFunctionTargetBuilder(mailServiceStep, MailServiceStep.Functions.SendMailToUserWithDetails, parameterName: "message")); tripCarStep.OnEvent(TripEvents.TripCarSuccess).SendEventTo(new ProcessFunctionTargetBuilder(tripCompleteStep, TripCompleteStep.Functions.TripComplete)); tripCarStep.OnEvent(TripEvents.TripCarFail).SendEventTo(new ProcessFunctionTargetBuilder(mailServiceStep, MailServiceStep.Functions.SendMailToUserWithDetails, parameterName: "message")); tripCompleteStep.OnEvent(TripEvents.TripCompleted).SendEventTo(new ProcessFunctionTargetBuilder(stopProcessStep, StopProcessStep.Functions.StopProcess)); stopProcessStep.OnEvent(TripEvents.StopProcess).StopProcess(); var kernelProcess = process.Build(); Kernel kernel = CreateKernelWithChatCompletion(); while (true) {Console.WriteLine("请输入用户id:");var id = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());using var runningProcess = await kernelProcess.StartAsync(kernel, new KernelProcessEvent() { Id = TripEvents.StartProcess, Data = id }); } Kernel CreateKernelWithChatCompletion() {Kernel kernel = Kernel.CreateBuilder().AddOpenAIChatCompletion(modelId: "gpt-4o",apiKey: File.ReadAllText("c:/gpt/key.txt")).Build();return kernel; } public static class TripEvents {//开始Processpublic static readonly string StartProcess = nameof(StartProcess);public static readonly string GetCustomer = nameof(GetCustomer);public static readonly string TripAirTicketSuccess = nameof(TripAirTicketSuccess);public static readonly string TripAirTicketFail = nameof(TripAirTicketFail);public static readonly string TripHotelSuccess = nameof(TripHotelSuccess);public static readonly string TripHotelFail = nameof(TripHotelFail);public static readonly string TripCarSuccess = nameof(TripCarSuccess);public static readonly string TripCarFail = nameof(TripCarFail);// 邮件服务已发送public static readonly string MailServiceSent = nameof(MailServiceSent);public static readonly string TripCompleted = nameof(TripCompleted);public static readonly string StopProcess = nameof(StopProcess); } //public class BaseProcessStep : KernelProcessStep<InputState> //{ // public override ValueTask ActivateAsync(KernelProcessStepState<InputState> state) // { // return base.ActivateAsync(state); // } //} //public record InputState //{ // public string Input { get; init; } //} public class GetCustomerStep : KernelProcessStep {public static class Functions{public const string GetCustomer = nameof(GetCustomer);}[KernelFunction(Functions.GetCustomer)]public async Task GetCustomerStepAsync(KernelProcessStepContext context, int id, Kernel _kernel){Console.WriteLine($"【查询客户】开始,id={id}");var customers = new List<CustomerForm>(){new CustomerForm(){UserFirstName = "张",UserLastName = "三",UserDateOfBirth = "1990-01-01",UserState = "上海",UserPhoneNumber = "13800000000",UserId = 1,UserEmail = "",State = "1"},new CustomerForm(){UserFirstName = "李",UserLastName = "四",UserDateOfBirth = "1990-01-01",UserState = "上海",UserPhoneNumber = "13800000000",UserId = 2,UserEmail = "",State = "2"},new CustomerForm(){UserFirstName = "王",UserLastName = "五",UserDateOfBirth = "1990-01-01",UserState = "上海",UserPhoneNumber = "13800000000",UserId = 3,UserEmail = "",State = "3"},new CustomerForm(){UserFirstName = "赵",UserLastName = "六",UserDateOfBirth = "1990-01-01",UserState = "上海",UserPhoneNumber = "13800000000",UserId = 4,UserEmail = "",State = "4"}};var customer = customers.SingleOrDefault(s => s.UserId == id);Console.WriteLine($"【查询客户】成功:{customer}"); await context.EmitEventAsync(new() { Id = TripEvents.GetCustomer, Data = customer, Visibility = KernelProcessEventVisibility.Public });} } public class TripAirTicketProcessStep : KernelProcessStep {public static class Functions{public const string TripAirTicket = nameof(TripAirTicket);}[KernelFunction(Functions.TripAirTicket)]public async Task TripAirTicketAsync(KernelProcessStepContext context, CustomerForm customer, Kernel _kernel){Console.WriteLine($"【机票预订】开始,姓名:{customer.UserFirstName}{customer.UserLastName}");var chat = _kernel.GetRequiredService<IChatCompletionService>();var chatHistory = new ChatHistory();chatHistory.AddUserMessage("生成一个国际航班的时刻表,标题是“| 航班号 | 出发地 | 目的地 | 出发时间 | 到达时间 | 航空公司 |”,只返回表格,不返回其他任何信息");var chatResult = chat.GetStreamingChatMessageContentsAsync(chatHistory);await foreach (var item in chatResult){Console.Write(item);}Console.WriteLine();if (customer.State == "1"){Console.WriteLine("【机票预订】失败");await context.EmitEventAsync(new(){Id = TripEvents.TripAirTicketFail,Data = "我们遗憾地通知您,机票预订失败!",Visibility = KernelProcessEventVisibility.Public,});return;}Console.WriteLine("【机票预订】成功");await context.EmitEventAsync(new() { Id = TripEvents.TripAirTicketSuccess, Data = customer, Visibility = KernelProcessEventVisibility.Public });} } public class TripHotelProcessStep : KernelProcessStep {public static class Functions{public const string TripHotel = nameof(TripHotel);}[KernelFunction(Functions.TripHotel)]public async Task TripHotelAsync(KernelProcessStepContext context, CustomerForm customer, Kernel _kernel){Console.WriteLine($"【酒店预订】开始,姓名:{customer.UserFirstName}{customer.UserLastName}");if (customer.State == "2"){Console.WriteLine("【酒店预订】失败");await context.EmitEventAsync(new(){Id = TripEvents.TripHotelFail,Data = "我们遗憾地通知您,酒店预订失败!",Visibility = KernelProcessEventVisibility.Public,});return;}Console.WriteLine("【酒店预订】成功");await context.EmitEventAsync(new() { Id = TripEvents.TripHotelSuccess, Data = customer, Visibility = KernelProcessEventVisibility.Public });} } public class TripCarProcessStep : KernelProcessStep {public static class Functions{public const string TripCar = nameof(TripCar);}[KernelFunction(Functions.TripCar)]public async Task TripCarAsync(KernelProcessStepContext context, CustomerForm customer, Kernel _kernel){Console.WriteLine($"【租车预订】开始,姓名:{customer.UserFirstName}{customer.UserLastName}");if (customer.State == "3"){Console.WriteLine("【租车预订】失败");await context.EmitEventAsync(new(){Id = TripEvents.TripCarFail,Data = "我们遗憾地通知您,租车预订失败!",Visibility = KernelProcessEventVisibility.Public,});return;}Console.WriteLine("【租车预订】成功");await context.EmitEventAsync(new() { Id = TripEvents.TripCarSuccess, Data = customer, Visibility = KernelProcessEventVisibility.Public });} } public class TripCompleteStep : KernelProcessStep {public static class Functions{public const string TripComplete = nameof(TripComplete);}[KernelFunction(Functions.TripComplete)]public async Task TripCompleteAsync(KernelProcessStepContext context, CustomerForm customer, Kernel _kernel){Console.WriteLine("【总预订】成功");await context.EmitEventAsync(new() { Id = TripEvents.TripCompleted, Data = true, Visibility = KernelProcessEventVisibility.Public });} } public class StopProcessStep : KernelProcessStep {public static class Functions{public const string StopProcess = nameof(StopProcess);}[KernelFunction(Functions.StopProcess)]public async Task StopProcessAsync(KernelProcessStepContext context, bool result, Kernel _kernel){Console.WriteLine("全部结束");await Task.Delay(10);} } public class MailServiceStep : KernelProcessStep {public static class Functions{public const string SendMailToUserWithDetails = nameof(SendMailToUserWithDetails);}[KernelFunction(Functions.SendMailToUserWithDetails)]public async Task SendMailServiceAsync(KernelProcessStepContext context, string message){Console.WriteLine("======== 邮件服务 ======== ");Console.WriteLine(message);Console.WriteLine("============================== ");await context.EmitEventAsync(new() { Id = TripEvents.StopProcess, Data = false });} } public class CustomerForm {[JsonPropertyName("userFirstName")]public string UserFirstName { get; set; } = string.Empty;[JsonPropertyName("userLastName")]public string UserLastName { get; set; } = string.Empty;[JsonPropertyName("userDateOfBirth")]public string UserDateOfBirth { get; set; } = string.Empty;[JsonPropertyName("userState")]public string UserState { get; set; } = string.Empty;[JsonPropertyName("userPhoneNumber")]public string UserPhoneNumber { get; set; } = string.Empty;[JsonPropertyName("userId")]public int UserId { get; set; }[JsonPropertyName("userEmail")]public string UserEmail { get; set; } = string.Empty;[JsonPropertyName("state")]public string State { get; set; } = string.Empty;public override string ToString(){return $"姓名:{UserFirstName}{UserLastName},生日:{UserDateOfBirth},电话:{UserPhoneNumber},邮箱:{UserEmail},状态:{State}";} }
运行结果如下:
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