一、 Direct模式

类型：direct
特点：Direct模式是fanout模式上的一种叠加，增加了路由RoutingKey的模式。

二、coding

Ⅰ 生产者

1、引入相应的pom文件 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.xpf</groupId><artifactId>rabbitmq-springboot</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>rabbitmq-springboot</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><java.version>8</java.version></properties><dependencies><!--rabbitmq依赖--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId><artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId><artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId><version>RELEASE</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId><artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies></project>

2、配置文件 application.properties

server.port=8080
spring.rabbitmq.username=admin
spring.rabbitmq.password=admin
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.199.20
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672

3、写一个生产者 DirectOrderService.java

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.UUID;@Service
public class DirectOrderService {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;/*** 模拟用户下单，发送消息给下游系统* @param user* @param num*/public void makerOrder(String user,  int num){//1、查询库存是否有剩余//2、保存订单String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();System.out.println("订单生产成功：" + orderId);//3、通过mq给下游系统发送消息String exchangeName = "direct_order_exchange";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "sms", orderId);rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "email", orderId);System.out.println("完成");}
}

（从代码中可以看到，direct_order_exchange交换机分别给绑定的路由key为sms和email的消息队列发送了消息）

4、写一个测试类，发送消息

import com.xpf.rabbitmqspringboot.service.DirectOrderService;
import com.xpf.rabbitmqspringboot.service.FanoutOrderService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;@SpringBootTest
class RabbitmqSpringbootApplicationTests {@Autowiredprivate FanoutOrderService fanoutOrderService;@Autowiredprivate DirectOrderService directOrderService;/*** Direct模式生产者发送消息*/@Testpublic void setDirectOrderService(){directOrderService.makerOrder("用户2", 10);}
}

（先别启动测试类，因为交换机和队列的声明放在下面的消费者中。）

Ⅱ 消费者

1、新建一个springboot项目，其中pom.xml 和 application.properties和上述生产者文件相同，但是如果在一个电脑模拟同启动两个项目时，记得把application.properties中的端口换成不同的

2、使用springboot写一个配置文件 RabbitMqConfiguration.java

关于为啥在消费者中建配置文件而不是在生产者，请看rabbitmq使用springboot实现fanout模式_p＆f°的博客-CSDN博客

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class RabbitMqConfiguration {//1、声明注册Direct模式交换机@Beanpublic DirectExchange DirectExchange(){return new DirectExchange("direct_order_exchange", true, false);}//2、声明队列 sms.Direct.queue、email.Direct.queue、duanxin.Direct.queue@Beanpublic Queue smsQueue(){return new Queue("sms.direct.queue", true);}@Beanpublic Queue emailQueue(){return new Queue("email.direct.queue", true);}@Beanpublic Queue duanxinQueue(){return new Queue("duanxin.direct.queue", true);}//3、完成绑定关系（队列绑定交换机）@Beanpublic Binding smsBinding(){return BindingBuilder.bind(smsQueue()).to(DirectExchange()).with("sms");}@Beanpublic Binding emailBinding(){return BindingBuilder.bind(emailQueue()).to(DirectExchange()).with("email");}@Beanpublic Binding duanxinBinding(){return BindingBuilder.bind(duanxinQueue()).to(DirectExchange()).with("duanxin");}
}

3、写三个消费者分别监听路由key为sms、email、duanxin的消息队列

（这里举例两个 SmsDirectConsumer.java 和 EmailDirectConsumer.java）

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/*** @Author xpf* @Date 2023/7/9 1:27* @Version 1.0*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "sms.direct.queue")
public class SmsDirectConsumer {@RabbitHandlerpublic void receiveMessage(String message){System.out.println("接收到来自队列sms.direct.queue消息订单的message是：" + message);}
}

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/*** @Author xpf* @Date 2023/7/9 1:27* @Version 1.0*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "email.direct.queue")
public class EmailDirectConsumer {@RabbitHandlerpublic void receiveMessage(String message){System.out.println("接收到来自队列email.direct.queue消息订单的message是：" + message);}
}