Android——Gradle插件项目根目录settings.gradle和build.gradle-编程知识

一、settings.gradle结构分析

项目根目录下的settings.gradle配置文件示例：

pluginManagement {/*** The pluginManagement.repositories block configures the* repositories Gradle uses to search or download the Gradle plugins and* their transitive dependencies. Gradle pre-configures support for remote* repositories such as JCenter, Maven Central, and Ivy. You can also use* local repositories or define your own remote repositories. The code below* defines the Gradle Plugin Portal, Google's Maven repository,* and the Maven Central Repository as the repositories Gradle should use to look for its* dependencies.*/repositories {gradlePluginPortal()google()mavenCentral()}
}
dependencyResolutionManagement {/*** The dependencyResolutionManagement.repositories* block is where you configure the repositories and dependencies used by* all modules in your project, such as libraries that you are using to* create your application. However, you should configure module-specific* dependencies in each module-level build.gradle file. For new projects,* Android Studio includes Google's Maven repository and the Maven Central* Repository by default, but it does not configure any dependencies (unless* you select a template that requires some).*/repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)repositories {google()mavenCentral()flatDir {dirs 'libs'}}}rootProject.name='TestAndroidProject'
include ':AliPay'
include ':app'

（1）pluginManagement配置块

对每个项目和全局的配置。
pluginManagement{}块只能出现在两个设置中。一个是settings.gradle文件，它必须是文件中的第一个代码块，顺序第一出现；另一个是Initialization Scripts，不在本文讨论内。

pluginManagement {plugins {  //插件配置}resolutionStrategy {//插件策略配置}repositories { //插件运行，依赖的仓库//按照配置顺序寻找gradlePluginPortal()google()mavenCentral()//本地仓库配置maven { url 'file://E:/libs/localMaven/' }//远程仓库+地址配置maven { url 'https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/' }}}

具体使用官方网址：Gradle-pluginManagement使用
pluginManagement 脚本块中的 repositories 配置 , 对应之前的 buildscript 中的 repositories 配置

（2）dependencyResolutionManagement配置块

settings.gradle 中部分

//使用Catalog统一依赖版本 开启VERSION_CATALOG
enableFeaturePreview('VERSION_CATALOGS')// 指定Gradle需要的用来搜索或下载【依赖dependency】的代码库
dependencyResolutionManagement {// 然而，为了配置一些模块特定的依赖，你需要在每一个模块的模块级build.gradle文件中进行配置说明repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)repositories {// 以下是AS默认configure的repositoriesgoogle()jcenter()mavenCentral()}//使用Catalog统一依赖版本versionCatalogs{libs {version('paging', '3.1.1')version('glide', '4.14.2')version('lifecycle', '2.4.1')version('appcompat', '1.4.1')alias('paging-runtime').to('androidx.paging', 'paging-runtime').versionRef('paging')alias('paging-guava').to('androidx.paging', 'paging-guava').versionRef('paging')alias('paging-rxjava2').to('androidx.paging', 'paging-rxjava2').versionRef('paging')alias('glide-v4').to('com.github.bumptech.glide', 'glide').versionRef('glide')alias('lifecycle-livedata').to('androidx.lifecycle', 'lifecycle-livedata-ktx').versionRef('lifecycle')alias('lifecycle-viewmodel').to('androidx.lifecycle', 'lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx').versionRef('lifecycle')alias('androidx-appcompat').to('androidx.appcompat', 'appcompat').versionRef('appcompat')}}
}

repositoriesMode 模式有两种 :

RepositoriesMode.PREFER_PROJECT : 解析依赖库时 , 优先使用本地仓库 , 本地仓库没有该依赖 , 则使用远程仓库 ;
RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS : 解析依赖库时 , 强行使用远程仓库 , 不管本地仓库有没有该依赖库 ;

dependencyResolutionManagement 脚本块中的 repositories 配置 , 对应之前的 allprojects 中的 repositories 配置 ;

参考文章1文章浏览阅读7.4k次，点赞52次，收藏45次。一、settings.gradle 构建脚本分析1、Maven 远程仓库配置2、目录配置3、完整代码示例二、根目录下 build.gradle 构建脚本分析_android settings.gradlehttps://blog.csdn.net/shulianghan/article/details/129802390

（3）settings.gradle对应Settings对象实例

settings.gradle 文件对应的gradle api中Settings对象实例，其api如下

Settings对象实例Api (Gradle API 8.4)https://docs.gradle.org/current/javadoc/org/gradle/api/initialization/Settings.htmlsettings.gradle文件配置项，实际上及时调用该api中的方法和属性

二、build.gradle结构分析（根目录）

build.gradle是gradle构建脚本文件，支持java、groovy等语言。
每个gradle项目或模块都会有一个build.gradle文件，该文件是项目构建的入口，可配置版本、插件依赖库等信息。
每个build文件都有一个对应的project实例，配置build.gradle文件，实际就是设置project实例里面的属性，或者调用里面的方法。
根项目的project实例可以获取到所有子项目或子模块的project实例，因此我们可以在根项目的build.gradle文件中对子项目进行统一配置，比如应用插件、依赖的maven中心仓库等，常见的build.gradle属性及方法如下所示

（1）项目根目录build.gradle

// 构建脚本
buildscript {// 定义全局变量，常用于版本管理// 变量在子模块的build.gradle中直接以： $NAME 的形式调用ext {compose_version = '1.0.1'lifecycleVersion = '2.3.1'kotlinVersion = '1.5.21'ktlintVersion = '0.41.0'coroutines = '1.5.0'moshi_version = '1.12.0'}
}// 依赖URL
// 之前于settings.gradle定义的是整体的仓库位置，而这里可以视为定义具体的依赖位置
// plugins定义项目中所有模块共用的 Gradle 依赖项
// apply false 不可以用于子模块的build.gradle
plugins {id 'com.android.application' version '7.1.0-rc01' apply falseid 'com.android.library' version '7.1.0-rc01' apply falseid 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' version '1.5.21' apply false
}// 定义清理build目录的对应方法
task clean(type: Delete) {delete rootProject.buildDir
}

buildscript

需要注意的是：
1）、buildscript代码段必须是build.gradle文件的第一个代码段；
2）、对于多模块构建，项目的buildscript代码段声明的依赖关系可用于所有子模块的构建脚本；
3）、构建脚本的依赖可能是gradle插件

（2）子目录下build.gradle

// 子模块的plugins
// 请注意！这里就不可以定义apply false了
plugins {id 'com.android.application'id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'id 'dagger.hilt.android.plugin'
}// 应用插件 Kapt
// 这是一款kotlin专用的依赖管理插件，推荐每个项目都添加！
apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'// android
// 定义所有模块构建设置
android {// 定义编译SDK// 表示你的项目可以使用低于（或等于）该版本的所有APIcompileSdk 32// 定义默认配置defaultConfig {// 工件IDapplicationId "com.example.character"// 最低可接受SDK版本minSdk 21// 最高可接受SDK版本targetSdk 32// 给开发者看的项目版本versionCode 1// 给客户看的项目版本versionName "1.0"testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"vectorDrawables {useSupportLibrary true}}// 定义构建类型// 默认的构建类型有两种：debug(构建时会默认打上debug签名) release(构建时默认不打任何签名)buildTypes {release {minifyEnabled falseproguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'}}// 如果你用的是JDK8，那么请添加这个两个配置以提供支持compileOptions {sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8}kotlinOptions {jvmTarget = '1.8'}// 构建特性buildFeatures {compose true}// compose设置composeOptions {kotlinCompilerExtensionVersion compose_version}// 资源文件配置packagingOptions {resources {excludes += '/META-INF/{AL2.0,LGPL2.1}'}}
}// 在这里直接把你需要添加的依赖贴进去就好了
// 贴完后点sync即可
dependencies {implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui:$compose_version"implementation "androidx.compose.material:material:$compose_version"implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling-preview:$compose_version"implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.3.1'implementation 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.3.1'testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'androidTestImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4:$compose_version"debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling:$compose_version"// dagger -hiltimplementation "com.google.dagger:hilt-android:2.38.1"kapt "com.google.dagger:hilt-android-compiler:2.38.1"kapt "androidx.hilt:hilt-compiler:1.0.0"// Lifecycle componentsimplementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:$lifecycleVersion"implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-compose:2.4.0"implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata-ktx:$lifecycleVersion"implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common-java8:$lifecycleVersion"// Kotlin componentsimplementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlinVersion"implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:$coroutines"// networkingimplementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-moshi:2.9.0'implementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.0")implementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:4.9.0")implementation "com.squareup.moshi:moshi-kotlin:$moshi_version"kapt "com.squareup.moshi:moshi-kotlin-codegen:$moshi_version"// coilimplementation("io.coil-kt:coil-compose:1.4.0")
}

三、settings和build组合搭配方式

（1）settings.gradle全局配置，根build.gradle不做配置

gradle.properties配置全局变量

settings.gradle配置文件

pluginManagement {/*** The pluginManagement.repositories block configures the* repositories Gradle uses to search or download the Gradle plugins and* their transitive dependencies. Gradle pre-configures support for remote* repositories such as JCenter, Maven Central, and Ivy. You can also use* local repositories or define your own remote repositories. The code below* defines the Gradle Plugin Portal, Google's Maven repository,* and the Maven Central Repository as the repositories Gradle should use to look for its* dependencies.*/repositories {gradlePluginPortal()google()mavenCentral()}resolutionStrategy {}plugins{//是用来构建 apk 的 gradle 插件id 'com.android.application' version '${agpVersion}' apply false//是用来构建 Android Library 的 gradle 插件 （jar, aar）id 'com.android.library' version '${agpVersion}' apply false// 一个Gradle插件，用于将所有依赖项比如lib文件下依赖的jar包和项目代码打包到单个Jar文件中  官方地址[https://plugins.gradle.org/plugin/com.github.johnrengelman.shadow#groovy-usage]id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' version "${agpShadow}" apply false}}
dependencyResolutionManagement {/*** The dependencyResolutionManagement.repositories* block is where you configure the repositories and dependencies used by* all modules in your project, such as libraries that you are using to* create your application. However, you should configure module-specific* dependencies in each module-level build.gradle file. For new projects,* Android Studio includes Google's Maven repository and the Maven Central* Repository by default, but it does not configure any dependencies (unless* you select a template that requires some).*//** * RepositoriesMode.PREFER_PROJECT : 解析依赖库时 , 优先使用本地仓库 , 本地仓库没有该依赖 , 则使用远程仓库 ;* RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS : 解析依赖库时 , 强行使用远程仓库 , 不管本地仓库有没有该依赖库 ;* */repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)repositories {google()mavenCentral()flatDir {dirs 'libs'}}}rootProject.name='TestAndroidProject'
include ':AliPay'
include ':app'


plugins{//是用来构建 apk 的 gradle 插件id 'com.android.application' apply false//是用来构建 Android Library 的 gradle 插件 （jar, aar）id 'com.android.library' apply false// 一个Gradle插件，用于将所有依赖项比如lib文件下依赖的jar包和项目代码打包到单个Jar文件中  官方地址[https://plugins.gradle.org/plugin/com.github.johnrengelman.shadow#groovy-usage]id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' apply false
}task clean(type: Delete) {delete rootProject.buildDir
}

（2）根build.gradle配置，setting.gradle仅配置基础

settings.gradle配置

rootProject.name='WiFiAndroidProject'
include ':DashboardView'
include ':BluetoothKitlibrary'
include ':niftydialogeffectslibrary'
include ':TwinklingRefreshLayout_library'
include ':AliPay'
include ':app'

build.gradle配置

//通常定义了项目中的模块使用的通用插件版本
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {repositories {gradlePluginPortal()google()mavenCentral()jcenter()maven { url 'https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/' }
//}dependencies {//配置gradle插件classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.1.0"}}
allprojects {repositories {flatDir {dirs 'libs'}flatDir {dirs project(':AliPay').file('libs')}google()mavenCentral()maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }maven { url 'https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/' }}
}
task clean(type: Delete) {delete rootProject.buildDir
}