Asp.net MVC Api项目搭建-编程知识

整个解决方案按照分层思想来划分不同功能模块，以提供User服务的Api为需求，各个层次的具体实现如下所示：

1、新建数据库User表

数据库使用SQLExpress版本，表的定义如下所示：

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[User] ([Id]               INT           IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL,[Name]             NVARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,[Password]         NVARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,[Age]              INT           NOT NULL,[Birthdate]        DATE          NOT NULL,[CreateTime]       DATETIME      DEFAULT (getdate()) NOT NULL,[CreateUserId]     NVARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,[CreateUserName]   NVARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,[ModifiedTime]     DATETIME      NULL,[ModifiedUserId]   NVARCHAR (50) NULL,[ModifiedUserName] NVARCHAR (50) NULL,PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC)
);

2、实体层

新建类库类型的项目，.net framework框架版本4.5，User实体类如下：

public class User{public int Id { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }public string Password { get; set; }public int Age { get; set; }public DateTime Birthdate { get; set; }public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; }public string CreateUserId { get; set; }public string CreateUserName { get; set; }public DateTime? ModifiedTime { get; set; }public string ModifiedUserId { get; set; }public string ModifiedUserName { get; set; }}

3、数据库层

该层提供数据库接口操作，采用EntitFramework4.4.0.0作为ORM实体映射框架，

定义数据库操作接口IRepository

public interface IRepository<TEntity> : IDisposable where TEntity : class{IEnumerable<TEntity> Get();IEnumerable<TEntity> Get(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> filter);IEnumerable<TEntity> Get<TOderKey>(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> filter, int pageIndex, int pageSize, Expression<Func<TEntity, TOderKey>> sortKeySelector, bool isAsc = true);int Count(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate);void Update(TEntity instance);void Add(TEntity instance);void Delete(TEntity instance);}

定义数据库上下文类BceDbContext

public class BceDbContext:DbContext{public BceDbContext():base("DaLeiDB"){Database.SetInitializer<AceDbContext>(null);}public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder){modelBuilder.Entity<User>().ToTable("User");base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);}}

定义数据库通用操作实现类BceRepository

public class BceRepository<TEntity> : IRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class{public BceDbContext DbContext { get; private set; }public DbSet<TEntity> DbSet { get; private set; }public BceRepository(BceDbContext context){Guard.ArgumentNotNull(context, "context");this.DbContext = context;this.DbSet = this.DbContext.Set<TEntity>();}public IEnumerable<TEntity> Get(){return this.DbSet.AsQueryable();}public IEnumerable<TEntity> Get(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> filter){return this.DbSet.Where(filter).AsQueryable();}public IEnumerable<TEntity> Get<TKey>(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> filter, int pageIndex, int pageSize, Expression<Func<TEntity, TKey>> sortKeySelector, bool isAsc = true){Guard.ArgumentNotNull(filter, "predicate");Guard.ArgumentNotNull(sortKeySelector, "sortKeySelector");if (isAsc){return this.DbSet.Where(filter).OrderBy(sortKeySelector).Skip(pageSize * (pageIndex - 1)).Take(pageSize).AsQueryable();}else{return this.DbSet.Where(filter).OrderByDescending(sortKeySelector).Skip(pageSize * (pageIndex - 1)).Take(pageSize).AsQueryable();}}public int Count(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate){return this.DbSet.Where(predicate).Count();}public void Add(TEntity instance){Guard.ArgumentNotNull(instance, "instance");this.DbSet.Attach(instance);this.DbContext.Entry(instance).State = EntityState.Added;this.DbContext.SaveChanges();}public void Update(TEntity instance){Guard.ArgumentNotNull(instance, "instance");this.DbSet.Attach(instance);this.DbContext.Entry(instance).State = EntityState.Modified;this.DbContext.SaveChanges();}public void Delete(TEntity instance){Guard.ArgumentNotNull(instance, "instance");this.DbSet.Attach(instance);this.DbContext.Entry(instance).State = EntityState.Deleted;this.DbContext.SaveChanges();}public void Dispose(){this.DbContext.Dispose();}}

定义用户表数据库操作额外的接口IUserRepository

namespace DaLei.Repository
{public interface IUserRepository{User FindByName(string name);List<User> FindByAge(int start, int end);}
}

定义用户表数据库操作额外的实现类UserRepository

namespace DaLei.Repository
{public class UserRepository : BceRepository<User>, IUserRepository{public UserRepository(BceDbContext bceDbContext):base(bceDbContext){}public List<User> FindByAge(int start, int end){var rst = this.DbSet.AsQueryable().Where(u=>u.Age>=start && u.Age<=end).ToList();return rst;}public User FindByName(string name){var rst = this.DbSet.AsQueryable().Where(u => u.Name == name).FirstOrDefault();return rst;}}
}

4、服务接口层

定义了对外提供用户服务的接口契约，具体如下：

namespace DaLei.IService
{public interface IUserService{User FindByName(string name);List<User> FindByAge(int start, int end);List<User> GetList();}
}

5、服务具体实现层

服务基类实现：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace DaLei.Service
{public abstract class ServiceBase : IDisposable{public IList<IDisposable> DisposableObjects { get; private set; }public ServiceBase(){this.DisposableObjects = new List<IDisposable>();}protected void AddDisposableObject(object obj){IDisposable disposable = obj as IDisposable;if (null != disposable){this.DisposableObjects.Add(disposable);}}public void Dispose(){foreach (IDisposable obj in this.DisposableObjects){if (null != obj){obj.Dispose();}}}}
}

用户服务接口具体实现：

using DaLei.IService;
using DaLei.Model;
using DaLei.Repository;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace DaLei.Service
{public class UserService : ServiceBase,IUserService{private IUserRepository userRepository;public UserService(IUserRepository userRepository){this.userRepository = userRepository;this.AddDisposableObject(userRepository);}public List<User> FindByAge(int start, int end){return this.userRepository.FindByAge(start,end);}public User FindByName(string name){return this.userRepository.FindByName(name);}public List<User> GetList(){return this.userRepository.FindByAge(0, 100);}}
}

6、应用层

新建Asp.net WebApi项目，引用服务接口项目、服务实现项目、实体类项目，unity相关程序集，EntityFramework程序集。

web.config配置连接字符串和unity相关内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--有关如何配置 ASP.NET 应用程序的详细信息，请访问https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=169433
-->
<configuration><configSections><section name="unity" type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration.UnityConfigurationSection, Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration" /></configSections><unity><sectionExtension type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.InterceptionExtension.Configuration.InterceptionConfigurationExtension, Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Interception.Configuration" /><containers><container><extension type="Interception" /><register type="DaLei.IService.IUserService, DaLei.IService" mapTo="DaLei.Service.UserService, DaLei.Service" /><register type="DaLei.Repository.IUserRepository, DaLei.Repository" mapTo="DaLei.Repository.UserRepository, DaLei.Repository"><interceptor type="InterfaceInterceptor" /><policyInjection /></register></container></containers></unity><connectionStrings><add name="DaLeiDB" connectionString="data source=.\SQLEXPRESS;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=DaleiDB;User ID=sa;Password=anpiel0991;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /></connectionStrings><appSettings><add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0"/><add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false"/><add key="PreserveLoginUrl" value="true"/><add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true"/><add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true"/></appSettings><system.web><compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5"/><httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5"/><pages><namespaces><add namespace="System.Web.Helpers"/><add namespace="System.Web.Mvc"/><add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax"/><add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html"/><add namespace="System.Web.Routing"/><add namespace="System.Web.WebPages"/></namespaces>     </pages></system.web><system.webServer><validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/><handlers><remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0"/><remove name="OPTIONSVerbHandler"/><remove name="TRACEVerbHandler"/><add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="*" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler"preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0"/></handlers></system.webServer><runtime><assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"><dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed"/><bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-11.0.0.0" newVersion="11.0.0.0"/></dependentAssembly><dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/><bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0"/></dependentAssembly><dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/><bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.2.7.0" newVersion="5.2.7.0"/></dependentAssembly><dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/><bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0"/></dependentAssembly><dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/><bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0"/></dependentAssembly><dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/><bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.6.5135.21930" newVersion="1.6.5135.21930"/></dependentAssembly></assemblyBinding></runtime><system.codedom><compilers><compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs"type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.CSharpCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:6 /nowarn:1659;1699;1701"/><compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb"type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.VBCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:14 /nowarn:41008 /define:_MYTYPE=\&quot;Web\&quot; /optionInfer+"/></compilers></system.codedom>
</configuration>

Controller实例化由Unity负责处理，需要实现控制器工厂类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration;
using System.Configuration;namespace WebApi.Extensions
{public class UnityControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory{static object syncHelper = new object();static Dictionary<string, IUnityContainer> containers = new Dictionary<string, IUnityContainer>();public IUnityContainer UnityContainer { get; private set; }public UnityControllerFactory(string containerName = ""){if (containers.ContainsKey(containerName)){this.UnityContainer = containers[containerName];return;}lock (syncHelper){if (containers.ContainsKey(containerName)){this.UnityContainer = containers[containerName];return;}IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();//配置UnityContainerUnityConfigurationSection configSection = ConfigurationManager.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName) as UnityConfigurationSection;if (null == configSection && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(containerName)){throw new ConfigurationErrorsException("The <unity> configuration section does not exist.");}if (null != configSection){if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(containerName)){configSection.Configure(container);}else{configSection.Configure(container, containerName);}}containers.Add(containerName, container);this.UnityContainer = containers[containerName];}}protected override IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType){if (null == controllerType){return null;}return (IController)this.UnityContainer.Resolve(controllerType);}
//public override void ReleaseController(IController controller)
//{
//    this.UnityContainer.Teardown(controller);
//}}
}

设置MVC框架的控制器工厂为自定义类型

using webApi.Extensions;
using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;namespace WebApp
{public class Global : HttpApplication{void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e){// 在应用程序启动时运行的代码AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();GlobalConfiguration.Configure(WebApiConfig.Register);RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new UnityControllerFactory());}}
}

新建Controller基类，所有的自定义Controller均继承此类

using WebApi.Extensions;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace WebApp.Controllers
{public class BaseController:Controller{public IList<IDisposable> DisposableObjects { get; private set; }public BaseController(){this.DisposableObjects = new List<IDisposable>();}protected void AddDisposableObject(object obj){IDisposable disposable = obj as IDisposable;if (null != disposable){this.DisposableObjects.Add(disposable);}}protected override void Dispose(bool disposing){if (disposing){foreach (IDisposable obj in this.DisposableObjects){if (null != obj){obj.Dispose();}}}base.Dispose(disposing);}}
}

新建测试Controller

using DaLei.IService;
using System.Web.Mvc;namespace WebApp.Controllers
{public class TestController : BaseController{private IUserService userService;public TestController(IUserService userService){this.userService = userService;this.AddDisposableObject(userService);}// GET: Testpublic ActionResult Index(){var users = this.userService.GetList();return View();}}
}

浏览器输入地址测试TestController！