docker-centos中基于keepalived+niginx模拟主从热备完整过程

文章目录

  • 一、环境准备
  • 二、主机
    • 1、环境搭建
      • 1.1 镜像拉取
      • 1.2 创建网桥
      • 1.3 启动容器
      • 1.4 配置镜像源
      • 1.5 下载工具包
      • 1.6 下载keepalived
      • 1.7 下载nginx
    • 2、配置
      • 2.1 配置keepalived
      • 2.2 配置nginx
        • 2.2.1 查看nginx.conf
        • 2.2.2 修改index.html
    • 3、启动
      • 3.1 启动nginx
      • 3.2 启动keepalived
    • 4、状态查看
    • 4.1 查看nginx状态
      • 4.2 查看keepalived状态
    • 4、停止
      • 4.1 停止nginx
      • 4.2 停止keepalived
  • 三、从机
    • 1、方法一：重复主机步骤
      • 1.1 将步骤 （1.2 创建网桥）改为如下：
      • 1.2 将步骤2.1 配置keepalived内容改为如下
      • 1.3 将步骤（2.2.2 修改index.html）修改网页内容（可选）
    • 2、方法二：克隆主机虚拟机
      • 2.1 克隆完成、启动虚拟机，修改网桥
        • 2.1.1 创建网桥
        • 2.1.2 启动容器连接到创建的网桥
      • 2.2 修改keepalived的配置
  • 四、路由
    • 1、主机
      • 1.1 网卡情况
      • 1.2 查看路由
      • 1.3 添加路由
      • 1.4 最后路由表
    • 2、从机
      • 2.1 网卡情况
      • 2.2 查看路由
      • 2.3 添加路由
      • 2.4 最后路由情况
    • 3、宿主机（windows主机）
      • 3.1 添加路由

一、环境准备

根据宿主机的系统选择安装docker
        🔗在Ubuntu中安装docker
        🔗在CentOS中安装docker

二、主机

1、环境搭建

1.1 镜像拉取

docker pull centos

1.2 创建网桥

docker network create -d=bridge --subnet=192.168.99.0/24 br2

1.3 启动容器

docker run -it --name centos-1 --privileged -v /home/vac/linux:/mnt/software -p 9901:80 --net=br2 centos bash

1.4 配置镜像源

找到目录

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

修改源

sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*

修改url

sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*

更新一下（时间较长）

yum -y update

1.5 下载工具包

ifconfig、route命令使用的net-tools工具包

yum -y install net-tools

vim编辑器

yum -y install vim

1.6 下载keepalived

yum -y install keepalived

1.7 下载nginx

yum -y install nginx

2、配置

2.1 配置keepalived

编辑keepalived.conf文件

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

输入以下内容

! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {#路由id：当前安装keepalived节点主机的标识符，全局唯一router_id keep_150
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {# 表示的状态，当前的130服务器为nginx的主节点，MASTER/BACKUPstate MASTER# 当前实例绑定的网卡interface eth0# 保证主备节点一致virtual_router_id 51# 优先级/权重，谁的优先级高，在MASTER挂掉以后，就能成为MASTERpriority 100# 主备之间同步检查的时间间隔，默认1sadvert_int 1# 认证授权的密码，防止非法节点的进入authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.200.17}
}

2.2 配置nginx

2.2.1 查看nginx.conf
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

内容如下

# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;events {worker_connections 1024;
}http {log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;sendfile            on;tcp_nopush          on;tcp_nodelay         on;keepalive_timeout   65;types_hash_max_size 2048;include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_type        application/octet-stream;# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include# for more information.include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;server {listen       80 default_server;listen       [::]:80 default_server;server_name  _;root         /usr/share/nginx/html;# Load configuration files for the default server block.include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;location / {}error_page 404 /404.html;location = /40x.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html {}}# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
#    server {
#        listen       443 ssl http2 default_server;
#        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
#        server_name  _;
#        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
#        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
#        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
2.2.2 修改index.html
vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

输入以下内容

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"><head><title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/body {background-color: #fff;color: #000;font-size: 0.9em;font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;margin: 0;padding: 0;}:link {color: #c00;}:visited {color: #c00;}a:hover {color: #f50;}h1 {text-align: center;margin: 0;padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;background-color: #900;color: #fff;font-weight: normal;font-size: 1.75em;border-bottom: 2px solid #000;}h1 strong {font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.5em;}h2 {text-align: center;background-color: #900;font-size: 1.1em;font-weight: bold;color: #fff;margin: 0;padding: 0.5em;border-bottom: 2px solid #000;}hr {display: none;}.content {padding: 1em 5em;}.alert {border: 2px solid #000;}img {border: 2px solid #fff;padding: 2px;margin: 2px;}a:hover img {border: 2px solid #294172;}.logos {margin: 1em;text-align: center;}/*]]>*/</style></head><body><h1>Welcome to <strong>nginx</strong> on Red Hat Enterprise Linux!(Master)</h1><h1>192.168.99.2</h1><div class="content"><p>This page is used to test the proper operation of the<strong>nginx</strong> HTTP server after it has beeninstalled. If you can read this page, it means that theweb server installed at this site is workingproperly.</p><div class="alert"><h2>Website Administrator</h2><div class="content"><p>This is the default <tt>index.html</tt> page thatis distributed with <strong>nginx</strong> onRed Hat Enterprise Linux.  It is located in<tt>/usr/share/nginx/html</tt>.</p><p>You should now put your content in a location ofyour choice and edit the <tt>root</tt> configurationdirective in the <strong>nginx</strong>configuration file<tt>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</tt>.</p><p>For information on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, please visit the <a href="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat, Inc. website</a>. The documentation for Red Hat Enterprise Linux is <a href="http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/">available on the Red Hat, Inc. website</a>.</p></div></div><div class="logos"><a href="http://nginx.net/"><imgsrc="nginx-logo.png" alt="[ Powered by nginx ]"width="121" height="32" /></a><a href="http://www.redhat.com/"><imgsrc="poweredby.png"alt="[ Powered by Red Hat Enterprise Linux ]"width="88" height="31" /></a></div></div></body>
</html>

3、启动

3.1 启动nginx

nginx

3.2 启动keepalived

keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

4、状态查看

4.1 查看nginx状态

ps -ef|grep nginx

打印返回

root          43       1  0 08:40 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx         44      43  0 08:40 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx         45      43  0 08:40 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx         46      43  0 08:40 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx         47      43  0 08:40 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root          57      19  0 08:49 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

4.2 查看keepalived状态

查看进程

ps -ef|grep keepalived

打印返回

root          62       1  2 08:51 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
root          63      62  4 08:51 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
root          67      19  0 08:51 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

查看vip挂载情况

ip a

打印返回

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
26: eth0@if27: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:c0:a8:63:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 192.168.99.2/24 brd 192.168.99.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet 192.168.200.17/32 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4、停止

4.1 停止nginx

nginx -s stop

4.2 停止keepalived

pkill keepalived

三、从机

1、方法一：重复主机步骤

1.1 将步骤 （1.2 创建网桥）改为如下：

docker network create -d=bridge --subnet=192.168.111.0/24 br2

1.2 将步骤2.1 配置keepalived内容改为如下

! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {#路由id：当前安装keepalived节点主机的标识符，全局唯一router_id keep_151
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {# 表示的状态，当前的130服务器为nginx的主节点，MASTER/BACKUPstate BACKUP# 当前实例绑定的网卡interface eth0# 保证主备节点一致virtual_router_id 51# 优先级/权重，谁的优先级高，在MASTER挂掉以后，就能成为MASTERpriority 60# 主备之间同步检查的时间间隔，默认1sadvert_int 1# 认证授权的密码，防止非法节点的进入authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.200.17}
}

1.3 将步骤（2.2.2 修改index.html）修改网页内容（可选）

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"><head><title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/body {background-color: #fff;color: #000;font-size: 0.9em;font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;margin: 0;padding: 0;}:link {color: #c00;}:visited {color: #c00;}a:hover {color: #f50;}h1 {text-align: center;margin: 0;padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;background-color: #900;color: #fff;font-weight: normal;font-size: 1.75em;border-bottom: 2px solid #000;}h1 strong {font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.5em;}h2 {text-align: center;background-color: #900;font-size: 1.1em;font-weight: bold;color: #fff;margin: 0;padding: 0.5em;border-bottom: 2px solid #000;}hr {display: none;}.content {padding: 1em 5em;}.alert {border: 2px solid #000;}img {border: 2px solid #fff;padding: 2px;margin: 2px;}a:hover img {border: 2px solid #294172;}.logos {margin: 1em;text-align: center;}/*]]>*/</style></head><body><h1>Welcome to <strong>nginx</strong> on Red Hat Enterprise Linux!(Master)</h1><h1>192.168.111.2</h1><div class="content"><p>This page is used to test the proper operation of the<strong>nginx</strong> HTTP server after it has beeninstalled. If you can read this page, it means that theweb server installed at this site is workingproperly.</p><div class="alert"><h2>Website Administrator</h2><div class="content"><p>This is the default <tt>index.html</tt> page thatis distributed with <strong>nginx</strong> onRed Hat Enterprise Linux.  It is located in<tt>/usr/share/nginx/html</tt>.</p><p>You should now put your content in a location ofyour choice and edit the <tt>root</tt> configurationdirective in the <strong>nginx</strong>configuration file<tt>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</tt>.</p><p>For information on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, please visit the <a href="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat, Inc. website</a>. The documentation for Red Hat Enterprise Linux is <a href="http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/">available on the Red Hat, Inc. website</a>.</p></div></div><div class="logos"><a href="http://nginx.net/"><imgsrc="nginx-logo.png" alt="[ Powered by nginx ]"width="121" height="32" /></a><a href="http://www.redhat.com/"><imgsrc="poweredby.png"alt="[ Powered by Red Hat Enterprise Linux ]"width="88" height="31" /></a></div></div></body>
</html>

2、方法二：克隆主机虚拟机

2.1 克隆完成、启动虚拟机，修改网桥

2.1.1 创建网桥
docker network create -d=bridge --subnet=192.168.111.0/24 br0
2.1.2 启动容器连接到创建的网桥
docker run -it --name centos-1 --privileged -v /home/vac/linux:/mnt/software -p 9901:80 --network=br0 centos bash

2.2 修改keepalived的配置

输入命令

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

修改内容如下：

! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {#路由id：当前安装keepalived节点主机的标识符，全局唯一router_id keep_151
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {# 表示的状态，当前的130服务器为nginx的主节点，MASTER/BACKUPstate BACKUP# 当前实例绑定的网卡interface eth0# 保证主备节点一致virtual_router_id 51# 优先级/权重，谁的优先级高，在MASTER挂掉以后，就能成为MASTERpriority 60# 主备之间同步检查的时间间隔，默认1sadvert_int 1# 认证授权的密码，防止非法节点的进入authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.200.17}
}

四、路由

具体路由情况示意图
在这里插入图片描述

1、主机

1.1 网卡情况

输入命令

ifconfig

打印返回

br-4bd1ee90e211: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 192.168.99.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.99.255inet6 fe80::42:29ff:fee8:aade  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 02:42:29:e8:aa:de  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)RX packets 51808  bytes 3263249 (3.2 MB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 71190  bytes 130020293 (130.0 MB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255inet6 fe80::42:65ff:fe2d:ef09  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 02:42:65:2d:ef:09  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)RX packets 4  bytes 224 (224.0 B)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 228  bytes 23485 (23.4 KB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 192.168.100.157  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255inet6 fe80::f040:fdbe:78e1:5077  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:b6:5d:6c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 4329116  bytes 940869997 (940.8 MB)RX errors 0  dropped 345204  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 284583  bytes 29536782 (29.5 MB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)RX packets 26728  bytes 3141066 (3.1 MB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 26728  bytes 3141066 (3.1 MB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0vethd5c0922: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet6 fe80::a075:3cff:fe3c:d62  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether a2:75:3c:3c:0d:62  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)RX packets 385  bytes 20670 (20.6 KB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 1841  bytes 83533 (83.5 KB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

1.2 查看路由

输入命令

route -n

打印返回

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.100.1   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.99.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-4bd1ee90e211
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33

1.3 添加路由

主机到从机的路由

route add -net 192.168.111.0/24 gw 192.168.100.158

主机到vip的路由

route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.99.2

vip到从机的路由

route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.100.158

1.4 最后路由表

输入命令

route -n

打印返回

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.100.1   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.99.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-4bd1ee90e211
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.111.0   192.168.100.158 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.200.0   192.168.99.2    255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 br-4bd1ee90e211
192.168.200.0   192.168.100.158 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33

2、从机

2.1 网卡情况

输入命令

ip a

打印返回

br-feca604495c7: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 192.168.111.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.111.255inet6 fe80::42:7ff:fe57:5d4d  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 02:42:07:57:5d:4d  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)RX packets 86544  bytes 7152949 (7.1 MB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 92024  bytes 132312772 (132.3 MB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255inet6 fe80::42:69ff:fe89:fc8c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 02:42:69:89:fc:8c  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)RX packets 4358  bytes 264361 (264.3 KB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 8778  bytes 19961998 (19.9 MB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 192.168.100.158  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255inet6 fe80::5d22:1c65:d887:63e6  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:6a:2e:27  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 4140156  bytes 766431979 (766.4 MB)RX errors 0  dropped 342651  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 212125  bytes 22585816 (22.5 MB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)RX packets 47516  bytes 4932330 (4.9 MB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 47516  bytes 4932330 (4.9 MB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0vethbe7b7fe: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet6 fe80::18e7:2fff:fea9:3b8e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 1a:e7:2f:a9:3b:8e  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)RX packets 271733  bytes 15045369 (15.0 MB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 43223  bytes 2358797 (2.3 MB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2.2 查看路由

输入命令

route -n

打印返回

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.100.1   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.111.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-feca604495c7

2.3 添加路由

从机到主机的路由

route add -net 192.168.99.0/24 gw 192.168.100.157

从机到vip的路由

route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.111.2

vip到主机的路由

route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.100.157

2.4 最后路由情况

route -n

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.100.1   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.99.0    192.168.100.157 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.111.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-feca604495c7
192.168.200.0   192.168.111.2   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 br-feca604495c7
192.168.200.0   192.168.100.157 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33

3、宿主机（windows主机）

3.1 添加路由

vip到主机

route add 192.168.200.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.157

vip到从机

route add 192.168.200.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.158

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