关联查询
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实体间的关系(拥有 has、属于 belong)
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OneToOne:一对一关系(account ←→ user)
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OneToMany:一对多关系(user ←→ account)
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ManyToMany:多对多关系(user ←→ role)
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什么是关联查询
当访问关系的一方时,如果需要查看与之关联的另一方数据,则必须使用表链接查询,将查询到的另一方数据,保存在本方的属性中
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关联查询的语法
指定“一方”关系时(对象),使用
< association javaType="" >
指定“多方”关系时(集合),使用
< collection ofType="" >
一,一对一查询
需求:查询账户信息,关联查询用户信息。
分析:因为一个账户信息只能供某个用户使用,所以从查询账户信息出发关联查询用户信息为一对一查询。
com.by.pojo下的Account类
public class Account implements Serializable {private Integer id;private Integer uid;private Double money;//加入User类的对象作为Account类的一个属性private User user;public User getUser() {return user;}public void setUser(User user) {this.user = user;}public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public Integer getUid() {return uid;}public void setUid(Integer uid) {this.uid = uid;}public Double getMoney() {return money;}public void setMoney(Double money) {this.money = money;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Account{" +"id=" + id +", uid=" + uid +", money=" + money +", user=" + user +'}';}
}
com.by.dao下的AcountDao接口
public interface AccountDao {List<Account> findAll();
}
com.by.dao下的AcountDao.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.by.dao.AccountDao"><!-- 结果映射 --><resultMap type="account" id="findAllResultMap"><id column="aid" property="id"/><result column="uid" property="uid"/><result column="money" property="money"/><!-- 指定关系表中数据的封装规则 --><association property="user" javaType="user"><id column="id" property="id"/><result column="username" property="username"/><result column="sex" property="sex"/><result column="birthday" property="birthday"/><result column="address" property="address"/></association></resultMap><select id="findAll" resultMap="findAllResultMap">select u.*,a.id as aid,a.uid,a.money from account a,user u where a.uid =u.id</select>
</mapper>
测试类
private SqlSession sqlSession;private InputStream inputStream;@Beforepublic void init() throws IOException {//加载配置文件String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);//创建SessionFactorySqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);//使用数据的会话实例sqlSession = sessionFactory.openSession();}
@Afterpublic void close() throws IOException {sqlSession.close();inputStream.close();}
@Testpublic void testOneToOne() {AccountDao accountDao = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountDao.class);List<Account> accountList = accountDao.findAll();for (Account ac : accountList) {System.out.println(ac);}}
输出结果
二,一对多查询
需求:查询所有用户信息及用户关联的账户信息。
分析:用户信息和他的账户信息为一对多关系,并且查询过程中如果用户没有账户信息,此时也要将用户信息查询出来,此时左外连接查询比较合适。
com.by.pojo下的Account类
package com.by.pojo;import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;public class User implements Serializable {private Integer id;private String username;private String password;private Date birthday;private String sex;private String address;//加入List<Account>存储用户所拥有的账户private List<Account> accounts;public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getUsername() {return username;}public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username;}public Date getBirthday() {return birthday;}public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {this.birthday = birthday;}public String getSex() {return sex;}public void setSex(String sex) {this.sex = sex;}public String getAddress() {return address;}public void setAddress(String address) {this.address = address;}public String getPassword() {return password;}public void setPassword(String password) {this.password = password;}public List<Account> getAccounts() {return accounts;}public void setAccounts(List<Account> accounts) {this.accounts = accounts;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User{" +"id=" + id +", username='" + username + '\'' +", password='" + password + '\'' +", birthday=" + birthday +", sex='" + sex + '\'' +", address='" + address + '\'' +", accounts=" + accounts +'}';}
}
com.by.dao下的AcountDao接口
public interface AccountDao {List<Account> findAll();
}
com.by.dao下的UserDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.by.dao.UserDao"><resultMap type="user" id="findAllResultMap"><id column="id" property="id"></id><result column="username" property="username"/><result column="address" property="address"/><result column="sex" property="sex"/><result column="birthday" property="birthday"/><!-- collection 是用于建立一对多中集合属性的对应关系ofType 用于指定集合元素的数据类型--><collection property="accounts" ofType="account"><id column="aid" property="id"/><result column="uid" property="uid"/><result column="money" property="money"/></collection></resultMap><!-- 配置查询所有操作 --><select id="findAll" resultMap="findAllResultMap">select u.*,a.id as aid ,a.uid,a.money from user u left join account a on u.id =a.uid</select>
</mapper>
测试类
private SqlSession sqlSession;private InputStream inputStream;@Beforepublic void init() throws IOException {//加载配置文件String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);//创建SessionFactorySqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);//使用数据的会话实例sqlSession = sessionFactory.openSession();}
@Afterpublic void close() throws IOException {sqlSession.close();inputStream.close();}
@Testpublic void testOneToMany() {UserDao userDao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);List<User> userList = userDao.findAll();for(User user : userList){System.out.println(user);}}
输出结果
三,多对多查询
需求:查询角色及角色赋予的用户信息。
分析:一个用户可以拥有多个角色,一个角色也可以赋予多个用户,用户和角色为双向的一对多关系,多对多关系其实我们看成是双向的一对多关系。
com.by.pojo下的Role类
public class Role {private Integer id;private String roleName;private String roleDesc;//加入List<User> users存储角色赋予的用户信息private List<User> users;public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getRoleName() {return roleName;}public void setRoleName(String roleName) {this.roleName = roleName;}public String getRoleDesc() {return roleDesc;}public void setRoleDesc(String roleDesc) {this.roleDesc = roleDesc;}public List<User> getUsers() {return users;}public void setUsers(List<User> users) {this.users = users;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Role{" +"id=" + id +", roleName='" + roleName + '\'' +", roleDesc='" + roleDesc + '\'' +", users=" + users +'}';}
}
com.by.dao下的RoleDao接口
public interface RoleDao {List<Role> findAll();
}
com.by.dao下的RoleDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.by.dao.RoleDao"><!--定义 role 表的 ResultMap--><resultMap id="findAllResultMap" type="Role"><id property="id" column="rid"></id><result property="roleName" column="role_name"></result><result property="roleDesc" column="role_desc"></result><collection property="users" ofType="user"><id column="id" property="id"></id><result column="username" property="username"></result><result column="address" property="address"></result><result column="sex" property="sex"></result><result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result></collection></resultMap><!--查询所有--><select id="findAll" resultMap="findAllResultMap">select r.id as rid,r.role_name,r.role_desc,u.* from role rleft join user_role ur on r.id = ur.ridleft join user u on u.id = ur.uid</select>
</mapper>
测试类
private SqlSession sqlSession;private InputStream inputStream;@Beforepublic void init() throws IOException {//加载配置文件String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);//创建SessionFactorySqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);//使用数据的会话实例sqlSession = sessionFactory.openSession();}
@Afterpublic void close() throws IOException {sqlSession.close();inputStream.close();} @Testpublic void testManyToMany() {RoleDao roleDao = sqlSession.getMapper(RoleDao.class);List<Role> roleList = roleDao.findAll();for(Role role : roleList){System.out.println(role);}}
测试结果