【Android】为什么在子线程中更新UI不会抛出异常-编程知识

转载请注明来源：https://blog.csdn.net/devnn/article/details/135638486

前言

众所周知，Android App在子线程中是不允许更新UI的，否则会抛出异常：
android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.

详细异常信息见下图
在这里插入图片描述
View的绘制是在ViewRootImpl中(关于view的绘制流程不是本文重点)：

//ViewRootImpl.java@Overridepublic ViewParent invalidateChildInParent(int[] location, Rect dirty) {checkThread();//省略无关代码}@Overridepublic void requestLayout() {if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {checkThread();mLayoutRequested = true;scheduleTraversals();}}void checkThread() {if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) {throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException("Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.");}}

问题

笔者偶然发现在协程中是可以更新UI的，比如在Activity的onCreate有以下一段代码：

  lifecycleScope.launchWhenResumed {withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {Log.i("MainActivity", "launchWhenResumed,threadId:${Thread.currentThread().id}")//threadId打印233binding.demo1.text="NEW"}
}

这其实已经是在子线程中更新UI，为什么不会抛出异常呢？难道是协程检测到是UI操作自动帮我们切换到了主线程？经过笔者上一篇文章对协程的字节码分析，排除了这种可能。

【Kotlin】协程的字节码原理

难道是页面还没有开始绘制，还没有调用ViewRootImpl.checkThread()代码吗？那让子线程更新UI操作之前先休眠等待一段时间呢？

  lifecycleScope.launchWhenResumed {withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {Log.i("MainActivity", "launchWhenResumed,threadId:${Thread.currentThread().id}")//threadId打印233Thread.sleep(10000)binding.demo1.text="NEW"}
}

经验证也是没有抛出异常。这就有点匪夷所思了！

另外，改用直接使用Thread创建子线程也是同样不会抛异常：

 Thread {Thread.sleep(10000)val button1 = binding.demo1.text="NEW"}.start()

这也验证了跟协程是没有关系的。

那只有从源码中寻找答案。

setText流程

看看TextView的setText方法的源码。
public void setText(CharSequence text)方法内部会调到以下4个参数的重载方法。

//TextView.javaprivate void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type,boolean notifyBefore, int oldlen) {//省略无关代码if (mLayout != null) {checkForRelayout();}    //省略无关代码           }

checkForRelayout方法用来判断是调用invalidate还是requestLayout来更新UI。

//TextView.javaprivate void checkForRelayout() {// If we have a fixed width, we can just swap in a new text layout// if the text height stays the same or if the view height is fixed.if ((mLayoutParams.width != LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT|| (mMaxWidthMode == mMinWidthMode && mMaxWidth == mMinWidth))&& (mHint == null || mHintLayout != null)&& (mRight - mLeft - getCompoundPaddingLeft() - getCompoundPaddingRight() > 0)) {// Static width, so try making a new text layout.int oldht = mLayout.getHeight();int want = mLayout.getWidth();int hintWant = mHintLayout == null ? 0 : mHintLayout.getWidth();/** No need to bring the text into view, since the size is not* changing (unless we do the requestLayout(), in which case it* will happen at measure).*/makeNewLayout(want, hintWant, UNKNOWN_BORING, UNKNOWN_BORING,mRight - mLeft - getCompoundPaddingLeft() - getCompoundPaddingRight(),false);if (mEllipsize != TextUtils.TruncateAt.MARQUEE) {// In a fixed-height view, so use our new text layout.if (mLayoutParams.height != LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT&& mLayoutParams.height != LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {autoSizeText();invalidate();return;}// Dynamic height, but height has stayed the same,// so use our new text layout.if (mLayout.getHeight() == oldht&& (mHintLayout == null || mHintLayout.getHeight() == oldht)) {autoSizeText();invalidate();return;}}// We lose: the height has changed and we have a dynamic height.// Request a new view layout using our new text layout.requestLayout();invalidate();} else {// Dynamic width, so we have no choice but to request a new// view layout with a new text layout.nullLayouts();requestLayout();invalidate();}}

查看checkForRelayout方法会发现，当TextView的宽高是写死的，或者宽高跟之前没有变化，那么就调invalidate()，否则调用requestLayout。

笔者经过断点验证，发现在协程中调用的setText方法内部走到以下if语句内部然后return了，这说明宽高没有变化，调用了invalidate()方法来更新UI。

//TextView.javaif (mLayout.getHeight() == oldht&& (mHintLayout == null || mHintLayout.getHeight() == oldht)) {autoSizeText();invalidate();return;}

invalildate方法会调用到parent的invalidateChild方法：

//ViewGroup.java
public final void invalidateChild(View child, final Rect dirty) {final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;if (attachInfo != null && attachInfo.mHardwareAccelerated) {// HW accelerated fast pathonDescendantInvalidated(child, child);return;}//省略无关代码}

可以发现，当attachInfo非空并且开启了硬件加速，那么就走onDescendantInvalidated流程。View的onDescendantInvalidated方法最终会递归到ViewRootImpl的onDescendantInvalidated方法:

//ViewRootImpl.java@Overridepublic void onDescendantInvalidated(@NonNull View child, @NonNull View descendant) {// TODO: Re-enable after camera is fixed or consider targetSdk checking this// checkThread();if ((descendant.mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_DRAW_ANIMATION) != 0) {mIsAnimating = true;}invalidate();}@UnsupportedAppUsagevoid invalidate() {mDirty.set(0, 0, mWidth, mHeight);if (!mWillDrawSoon) {scheduleTraversals();}}

ViewRootImpl的onDescendantInvalidated方法直接调用了invalidate并没有调用checkThread方法。

硬件加速默认是开启了，可以使用view的isHardwareAccelerated方法判断是否开启：

 lifecycleScope.launchWhenResumed {withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {Thread.sleep(10000)binding.demo1.text="NEW"Log.i("MainActivity", "demo1.isHardwareAccelerated:${binding.demo1.isHardwareAccelerated}")}
}