pytorch 实现中文文本分类-编程知识

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import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os, PIL, pathlib, warningswarnings.filterwarnings("ignore")  # 忽略警告信息# win10系统
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)

train.csv 链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Vnyvo5T5eSuzb0VwTsznqA?pwd=fqok 提取码：fqok

import pandas as pd# 加载自定义中文数据集
train_data = pd.read_csv('D:/train.csv', sep='\t', header=None)
train_data.head()# 构建数据集迭代器
def coustom_data_iter(texts, labels):for x, y in zip(texts, labels):yield x, ytrain_iter = coustom_data_iter(train_data[0].values[:], train_data[1].values[:])

1.构建词典：

from torchtext.data.utils import get_tokenizer
from torchtext.vocab import build_vocab_from_iterator
import jieba# 中文分词方法
tokenizer = jieba.lcutdef yield_tokens(data_iter):for text, in data_iter:yield tokenizer(text)vocab = build_vocab_from_iterator(yield_tokens(train_iter), specials=["<unk>"])
vocab.set_default_index(vocab["<unk>"])

调用vocab（词汇表）对一个中文句子进行索引转换，这个句子被分词后得到的词汇列表会被转换成它们在词汇表中的索引。

print(vocab(['我', '想', '看', '书', '和', '你', '一起', '看', '电影', '的', '新款', '视频']))

生成一个标签列表，用于查看在数据集中所有可能的标签类型。

label_name = list(set(train_data[1].values[:]))
print(label_name)

创建了两个lambda函数，一个用于将文本转换成词汇索引，另一个用于将标签文本转换成它们在label_name列表中的索引。

text_pipeline = lambda x: vocab(tokenizer(x))
label_pipeline = lambda x: label_name.index(x)print(text_pipeline('我想看新闻或者上网站看最新的游戏视频'))
print(label_pipeline('Video-Play'))

2.生成数据批次和迭代器

from torch.utils.data import DataLoaderdef collate_batch(batch):label_list, text_list, offsets = [], [], [0]for (_text, _label) in batch:# 标签列表label_list.append(label_pipeline(_label))# 文本列表processed_text = torch.tensor(text_pipeline(_text), dtype=torch.int64)text_list.append(processed_text)# 偏移量，即词汇的起始位置offsets.append(processed_text.size(0))label_list = torch.tensor(label_list, dtype=torch.int64)text_list = torch.cat(text_list)offsets = torch.tensor(offsets[:-1]).cumsum(dim=0)  # 累计偏移量dim中维度元素的累计和return text_list.to(device), label_list.to(device), offsets.to(device)# 数据加载器，调用示例
dataloader = DataLoader(train_iter,batch_size=8,shuffle=False,collate_fn=collate_batch)

collate_batch函数用于处理数据加载器中的批次。它接收一个批次的数据，处理它，并返回适合模型训练的数据格式。
在这个函数内部，它遍历批次中的每个文本和标签对，将标签添加到label_list，将文本通过text_pipeline函数处理后转换为tensor，并添加到text_list。
offsets列表用于存储每个文本的长度，这对于后续的文本处理非常有用，尤其是当你需要知道每个文本在拼接的大tensor中的起始位置时。
text_list用torch.cat进行拼接，形成一个连续的tensor。
offsets列表的最后一个元素不包括，然后使用cumsum函数在第0维计算累积和，这为每个序列提供了一个累计的偏移量。

3.搭建模型与初始化

from torch import nnclass TextClassificationModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self, vocab_size, embed_dim, num_class):super(TextClassificationModel, self).__init__()self.embedding = nn.EmbeddingBag(vocab_size, embed_dim, sparse=False)self.fc = nn.Linear(embed_dim, num_class)self.init_weights()def init_weights(self):initrange = 0.5self.embedding.weight.data.uniform_(-initrange, initrange)self.fc.weight.data.uniform_(-initrange, initrange)self.fc.bias.data.zero_()def forward(self, text, offsets):embedded = self.embedding(text, offsets)return self.fc(embedded)num_class = len(label_name)  # 类别数，根据label_name的长度确定
vocab_size = len(vocab)      # 词汇表的大小，根据vocab的长度确定
em_size = 64                 # 嵌入向量的维度设置为64
model = TextClassificationModel(vocab_size, em_size, num_class).to(device)  # 创建模型实例并移动到计算设备

4.模型训练及评估函数

train 和 evaluate分别用于训练和评估文本分类模型。

训练函数 train 的工作流程如下：

将模型设置为训练模式。
初始化总准确率、训练损失和总计数变量。
记录训练开始的时间。
遍历数据加载器，对每个批次：
- 进行预测。
- 清零优化器的梯度。
- 计算损失（使用一个损失函数，例如交叉熵）。
- 反向传播计算梯度。
- 通过梯度裁剪防止梯度爆炸。
- 执行一步优化器更新模型权重。
更新总准确率和总损失。
每隔一定间隔，打印训练进度和统计信息。

评估函数 evaluate 的工作流程如下：

将模型设置为评估模式。
初始化总准确率和总损失。
不计算梯度（为了节省内存和计算资源）。
遍历数据加载器，对每个批次：
- 进行预测。
- 计算损失。
- 更新总准确率和总损失。
返回整体的准确率和平均损失。

代码实现：

import timedef train(dataloader):model.train()  # 切换到训练模式total_acc, train_loss, total_count = 0, 0, 0log_interval = 50start_time = time.time()for idx, (text, label, offsets) in enumerate(dataloader):predicted_label = model(text, offsets)optimizer.zero_grad()  # 梯度归零loss = criterion(predicted_label, label)  # 计算损失loss.backward()  # 反向传播torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), 0.1)  # 梯度裁剪optimizer.step()  # 优化器更新权重# 记录acc和losstotal_acc += (predicted_label.argmax(1) == label).sum().item()train_loss += loss.item()total_count += label.size(0)if idx % log_interval == 0 and idx > 0:elapsed = time.time() - start_timeprint('| epoch {:3d} | {:5d}/{:5d} batches ''| accuracy {:8.3f} | loss {:8.5f}'.format(epoch, idx, len(dataloader),total_acc/total_count, train_loss/total_count))total_acc, train_loss, total_count = 0, 0, 0start_time = time.time()def evaluate(dataloader):model.eval()  # 切换到评估模式total_acc, total_count = 0, 0with torch.no_grad():for idx, (text, label, offsets) in enumerate(dataloader):predicted_label = model(text, offsets)loss = criterion(predicted_label, label)  # 计算losstotal_acc += (predicted_label.argmax(1) == label).sum().item()total_count += label.size(0)return total_acc/total_count, total_count

5.模型训练

设置训练的轮数、学习率和批次大小。
定义交叉熵损失函数、随机梯度下降优化器和学习率调度器。
将训练数据转换为一个map样式的数据集，并将其分成训练集和验证集。
创建训练和验证的数据加载器。
开始训练循环，每个epoch都会训练模型并在验证集上评估模型的准确率和损失。
如果验证准确率没有提高，则按计划降低学习率。
打印每个epoch结束时的统计信息，包括时间、准确率、损失和学习率。

from torch.utils.data.dataset import random_split
from torchtext.data.functional import to_map_style_dataset
# 参数设置
EPOCHS = 10  # epoch数量
LR = 5  # 学习速率
BATCH_SIZE = 64  # 训练的batch大小# 设置损失函数、优化器和调度器
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=LR)
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, 1.0, gamma=0.1)
total_accu = None# 准备数据集
train_iter = coustom_data_iter(train_data[0].values[:], train_data[1].values[:])
train_dataset = to_map_style_dataset(train_iter)split_train_, split_valid_ = random_split(train_dataset,[int(len(train_dataset)*0.8), int(len(train_dataset)*0.2)])train_dataloader = DataLoader(split_train_, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,shuffle=True, collate_fn=collate_batch)valid_dataloader = DataLoader(split_valid_, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,shuffle=True, collate_fn=collate_batch)# 训练循环
for epoch in range(1, EPOCHS + 1):epoch_start_time = time.time()train(train_dataloader)val_acc, val_loss = evaluate(valid_dataloader)# 更新学习率的策略lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']if total_accu is not None and total_accu > val_acc:scheduler.step()else:total_accu = val_accprint('-' * 69)print('| end of epoch {:3d} | time: {:4.2f}s | ''valid accuracy {:4.3f} | valid loss {:4.3f} | lr {:4.6f}'.format(epoch, time.time() - epoch_start_time, val_acc, val_loss, lr))print('-' * 69)

运行结果：

| epoch   1 |    50/  152 batches | accuracy    0.423 | loss  0.03079
| epoch   1 |   100/  152 batches | accuracy    0.700 | loss  0.01912
| epoch   1 |   150/  152 batches | accuracy    0.776 | loss  0.01347
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| end of epoch   1 | time: 1.53s | valid accuracy 0.777 | valid loss 2420.000 | lr 5.000000
| epoch   2 |    50/  152 batches | accuracy    0.812 | loss  0.01056
| epoch   2 |   100/  152 batches | accuracy    0.843 | loss  0.00871
| epoch   2 |   150/  152 batches | accuracy    0.844 | loss  0.00846
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| end of epoch   2 | time: 1.45s | valid accuracy 0.842 | valid loss 2420.000 | lr 5.000000
| epoch   3 |    50/  152 batches | accuracy    0.883 | loss  0.00653
| epoch   3 |   100/  152 batches | accuracy    0.879 | loss  0.00634
| epoch   3 |   150/  152 batches | accuracy    0.883 | loss  0.00627
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| end of epoch   3 | time: 1.44s | valid accuracy 0.865 | valid loss 2420.000 | lr 5.000000
| epoch   4 |    50/  152 batches | accuracy    0.912 | loss  0.00498
| epoch   4 |   100/  152 batches | accuracy    0.906 | loss  0.00495
| epoch   4 |   150/  152 batches | accuracy    0.915 | loss  0.00461
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| end of epoch   4 | time: 1.50s | valid accuracy 0.876 | valid loss 2420.000 | lr 5.000000
| epoch   5 |    50/  152 batches | accuracy    0.935 | loss  0.00386
| epoch   5 |   100/  152 batches | accuracy    0.934 | loss  0.00390
| epoch   5 |   150/  152 batches | accuracy    0.932 | loss  0.00362
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| end of epoch   5 | time: 1.59s | valid accuracy 0.881 | valid loss 2420.000 | lr 5.000000
| epoch   6 |    50/  152 batches | accuracy    0.947 | loss  0.00313
| epoch   6 |   100/  152 batches | accuracy    0.949 | loss  0.00307
| epoch   6 |   150/  152 batches | accuracy    0.949 | loss  0.00286
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| end of epoch   6 | time: 1.68s | valid accuracy 0.891 | valid loss 2420.000 | lr 5.000000
| epoch   7 |    50/  152 batches | accuracy    0.960 | loss  0.00243
| epoch   7 |   100/  152 batches | accuracy    0.963 | loss  0.00224
| epoch   7 |   150/  152 batches | accuracy    0.959 | loss  0.00252
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| end of epoch   7 | time: 1.53s | valid accuracy 0.892 | valid loss 2420.000 | lr 5.000000
| epoch   8 |    50/  152 batches | accuracy    0.972 | loss  0.00186
| epoch   8 |   100/  152 batches | accuracy    0.974 | loss  0.00184
| epoch   8 |   150/  152 batches | accuracy    0.967 | loss  0.00201
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| end of epoch   8 | time: 1.43s | valid accuracy 0.895 | valid loss 2420.000 | lr 5.000000
| epoch   9 |    50/  152 batches | accuracy    0.981 | loss  0.00138
| epoch   9 |   100/  152 batches | accuracy    0.977 | loss  0.00165
| epoch   9 |   150/  152 batches | accuracy    0.980 | loss  0.00147
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| end of epoch   9 | time: 1.48s | valid accuracy 0.900 | valid loss 2420.000 | lr 5.000000
| epoch  10 |    50/  152 batches | accuracy    0.987 | loss  0.00117
| epoch  10 |   100/  152 batches | accuracy    0.985 | loss  0.00121
| epoch  10 |   150/  152 batches | accuracy    0.984 | loss  0.00121
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| end of epoch  10 | time: 1.45s | valid accuracy 0.902 | valid loss 2420.000 | lr 5.000000
---------------------------------------------------------------------

6.模型评估

test_acc, test_loss = evaluate(valid_dataloader)
print('模型的准确率: {:5.4f}'.format(test_acc))

7.模型测试

def predict(text, text_pipeline):with torch.no_grad():text = torch.tensor(text_pipeline(text))output = model(text, torch.tensor([0]))return output.argmax(1).item()# 示例文本字符串
# ex_text_str = "例句输入——这是一个待预测类别的示例句子"
ex_text_str = "这不仅影响到我们的方案是否可行13号的"model = model.to("cpu")print("该文本的类别是: %s" % label_name[predict(ex_text_str, text_pipeline)])

8.全部代码（部分修改）：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os, PIL, pathlib, warningswarnings.filterwarnings("ignore")  # 忽略警告信息# win10系统
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)import pandas as pd# 加载自定义中文数据集
train_data = pd.read_csv('D:/train.csv', sep='\t', header=None)
train_data.head()# 构建数据集迭代器
def custom_data_iter(texts, labels):for x, y in zip(texts, labels):yield x, ytrain_iter = custom_data_iter(train_data[0].values[:], train_data[1].values[:])from torchtext.data.utils import get_tokenizer
from torchtext.vocab import build_vocab_from_iterator
import jieba# 中文分词方法
tokenizer = jieba.lcutdef yield_tokens(data_iter):for text,_ in data_iter:yield tokenizer(text)vocab = build_vocab_from_iterator(yield_tokens(train_iter), specials=["<unk>"])
vocab.set_default_index(vocab["<unk>"])print(vocab(['我', '想', '看', '书', '和', '你', '一起', '看', '电影', '的', '新款', '视频']))label_name = list(set(train_data[1].values[:]))
print(label_name)text_pipeline = lambda x: vocab(tokenizer(x))
label_pipeline = lambda x: label_name.index(x)print(text_pipeline('我想看新闻或者上网站看最新的游戏视频'))
print(label_pipeline('Video-Play'))from torch.utils.data import DataLoaderdef collate_batch(batch):label_list, text_list, offsets = [], [], [0]for (_text, _label) in batch:# 标签列表label_list.append(label_pipeline(_label))# 文本列表processed_text = torch.tensor(text_pipeline(_text), dtype=torch.int64)text_list.append(processed_text)# 偏移量，即词汇的起始位置offsets.append(processed_text.size(0))label_list = torch.tensor(label_list, dtype=torch.int64)text_list = torch.cat(text_list)offsets = torch.tensor(offsets[:-1]).cumsum(dim=0)  # 累计偏移量dim中维度元素的累计和return text_list.to(device), label_list.to(device), offsets.to(device)# 数据加载器，调用示例
dataloader = DataLoader(train_iter,batch_size=8,shuffle=False,collate_fn=collate_batch)from torch import nnclass TextClassificationModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self, vocab_size, embed_dim, num_class):super(TextClassificationModel, self).__init__()self.embedding = nn.EmbeddingBag(vocab_size, embed_dim, sparse=False)self.fc = nn.Linear(embed_dim, num_class)self.init_weights()def init_weights(self):initrange = 0.5self.embedding.weight.data.uniform_(-initrange, initrange)self.fc.weight.data.uniform_(-initrange, initrange)self.fc.bias.data.zero_()def forward(self, text, offsets):embedded = self.embedding(text, offsets)return self.fc(embedded)
num_class = len(label_name)
vocab_size = len(vocab)
em_size = 64
model = TextClassificationModel(vocab_size, em_size, num_class).to(device)import timedef train(dataloader):model.train()  # 切换到训练模式total_acc, train_loss, total_count = 0, 0, 0log_interval = 50start_time = time.time()for idx, (text, label, offsets) in enumerate(dataloader):predicted_label = model(text, offsets)optimizer.zero_grad()  # 梯度归零loss = criterion(predicted_label, label)  # 计算损失loss.backward()  # 反向传播torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), 0.1)  # 梯度裁剪optimizer.step()  # 优化器更新权重# 记录acc和losstotal_acc += (predicted_label.argmax(1) == label).sum().item()train_loss += loss.item()total_count += label.size(0)if idx % log_interval == 0 and idx > 0:elapsed = time.time() - start_timeprint('| epoch {:3d} | {:5d}/{:5d} batches ''| accuracy {:8.3f} | loss {:8.5f}'.format(epoch, idx, len(dataloader),total_acc/total_count, train_loss/total_count))total_acc, train_loss, total_count = 0, 0, 0start_time = time.time()def evaluate(dataloader):model.eval()  # 切换到评估模式total_acc, total_count = 0, 0with torch.no_grad():for idx, (text, label, offsets) in enumerate(dataloader):predicted_label = model(text, offsets)loss = criterion(predicted_label, label)  # 计算losstotal_acc += (predicted_label.argmax(1) == label).sum().item()total_count += label.size(0)return total_acc/total_count, total_countfrom torch.utils.data.dataset import random_split
from torchtext.data.functional import to_map_style_dataset
# 参数设置
EPOCHS = 10  # epoch数量
LR = 5  # 学习速率
BATCH_SIZE = 64  # 训练的batch大小# 设置损失函数、优化器和调度器
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=LR)
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, 1.0, gamma=0.1)
total_accu = None# 准备数据集
train_iter = custom_data_iter(train_data[0].values[:], train_data[1].values[:])
train_dataset = to_map_style_dataset(train_iter)split_train_, split_valid_ = random_split(train_dataset,[int(len(train_dataset)*0.8), int(len(train_dataset)*0.2)])train_dataloader = DataLoader(split_train_, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,shuffle=True, collate_fn=collate_batch)valid_dataloader = DataLoader(split_valid_, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,shuffle=True, collate_fn=collate_batch)# 训练循环
for epoch in range(1, EPOCHS + 1):epoch_start_time = time.time()train(train_dataloader)val_acc, val_loss = evaluate(valid_dataloader)# 更新学习率的策略lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']if total_accu is not None and total_accu > val_acc:scheduler.step()else:total_accu = val_accprint('-' * 69)print('| end of epoch {:3d} | time: {:4.2f}s | ''valid accuracy {:4.3f} | valid loss {:4.3f} | lr {:4.6f}'.format(epoch, time.time() - epoch_start_time, val_acc, val_loss, lr))print('-' * 69)test_acc, test_loss = evaluate(valid_dataloader)
print('模型的准确率: {:5.4f}'.format(test_acc))def predict(text, text_pipeline):with torch.no_grad():text = torch.tensor(text_pipeline(text))output = model(text, torch.tensor([0]))return output.argmax(1).item()# 示例文本字符串
# ex_text_str = "例句输入——这是一个待预测类别的示例句子"
ex_text_str = "这不仅影响到我们的方案是否可行13号的"model = model.to("cpu")print("该文本的类别是: %s" % label_name[predict(ex_text_str, text_pipeline)])

9.代码改进及优化

9.1优化器: 尝试不同的优化算法，如Adam、RMSprop替换原来的`SGD`优化器部分

9.1.1使用`Adam`优化器：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os, PIL, pathlib, warningswarnings.filterwarnings("ignore")  # 忽略警告信息# win10系统
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)import pandas as pd# 加载自定义中文数据集
train_data = pd.read_csv('D:/train.csv', sep='\t', header=None)
train_data.head()# 构建数据集迭代器
def custom_data_iter(texts, labels):for x, y in zip(texts, labels):yield x, ytrain_iter = custom_data_iter(train_data[0].values[:], train_data[1].values[:])from torchtext.data.utils import get_tokenizer
from torchtext.vocab import build_vocab_from_iterator
import jieba# 中文分词方法
tokenizer = jieba.lcutdef yield_tokens(data_iter):for text,_ in data_iter:yield tokenizer(text)vocab = build_vocab_from_iterator(yield_tokens(train_iter), specials=["<unk>"])
vocab.set_default_index(vocab["<unk>"])print(vocab(['我', '想', '看', '书', '和', '你', '一起', '看', '电影', '的', '新款', '视频']))label_name = list(set(train_data[1].values[:]))
print(label_name)text_pipeline = lambda x: vocab(tokenizer(x))
label_pipeline = lambda x: label_name.index(x)print(text_pipeline('我想看新闻或者上网站看最新的游戏视频'))
print(label_pipeline('Video-Play'))from torch.utils.data import DataLoaderdef collate_batch(batch):label_list, text_list, offsets = [], [], [0]for (_text, _label) in batch:# 标签列表label_list.append(label_pipeline(_label))# 文本列表processed_text = torch.tensor(text_pipeline(_text), dtype=torch.int64)text_list.append(processed_text)# 偏移量，即词汇的起始位置offsets.append(processed_text.size(0))label_list = torch.tensor(label_list, dtype=torch.int64)text_list = torch.cat(text_list)offsets = torch.tensor(offsets[:-1]).cumsum(dim=0)  # 累计偏移量dim中维度元素的累计和return text_list.to(device), label_list.to(device), offsets.to(device)# 数据加载器，调用示例
dataloader = DataLoader(train_iter,batch_size=8,shuffle=False,collate_fn=collate_batch)from torch import nnclass TextClassificationModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self, vocab_size, embed_dim, num_class):super(TextClassificationModel, self).__init__()self.embedding = nn.EmbeddingBag(vocab_size, embed_dim, sparse=False)self.fc = nn.Linear(embed_dim, num_class)self.init_weights()def init_weights(self):initrange = 0.5self.embedding.weight.data.uniform_(-initrange, initrange)self.fc.weight.data.uniform_(-initrange, initrange)self.fc.bias.data.zero_()def forward(self, text, offsets):embedded = self.embedding(text, offsets)return self.fc(embedded)
num_class = len(label_name)
vocab_size = len(vocab)
em_size = 64
model = TextClassificationModel(vocab_size, em_size, num_class).to(device)import timedef train(dataloader):model.train()  # 切换到训练模式total_acc, train_loss, total_count = 0, 0, 0log_interval = 50start_time = time.time()for idx, (text, label, offsets) in enumerate(dataloader):predicted_label = model(text, offsets)optimizer.zero_grad()  # 梯度归零loss = criterion(predicted_label, label)  # 计算损失loss.backward()  # 反向传播torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), 0.1)  # 梯度裁剪optimizer.step()  # 优化器更新权重# 记录acc和losstotal_acc += (predicted_label.argmax(1) == label).sum().item()train_loss += loss.item()total_count += label.size(0)if idx % log_interval == 0 and idx > 0:elapsed = time.time() - start_timeprint('| epoch {:3d} | {:5d}/{:5d} batches ''| accuracy {:8.3f} | loss {:8.5f}'.format(epoch, idx, len(dataloader),total_acc/total_count, train_loss/total_count))total_acc, train_loss, total_count = 0, 0, 0start_time = time.time()def evaluate(dataloader):model.eval()  # 切换到评估模式total_acc, total_count = 0, 0with torch.no_grad():for idx, (text, label, offsets) in enumerate(dataloader):predicted_label = model(text, offsets)loss = criterion(predicted_label, label)  # 计算losstotal_acc += (predicted_label.argmax(1) == label).sum().item()total_count += label.size(0)return total_acc/total_count, total_countfrom torch.utils.data.dataset import random_split
from torchtext.data.functional import to_map_style_dataset
# 参数设置
EPOCHS = 10  # epoch数量
LR = 5  # 学习速率
BATCH_SIZE = 64  # 训练的batch大小# 设置损失函数、优化器和调度器
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
#optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=LR)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=LR)
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, 1.0, gamma=0.1)
total_accu = None# 准备数据集
train_iter = custom_data_iter(train_data[0].values[:], train_data[1].values[:])
train_dataset = to_map_style_dataset(train_iter)split_train_, split_valid_ = random_split(train_dataset,[int(len(train_dataset)*0.8), int(len(train_dataset)*0.2)])train_dataloader = DataLoader(split_train_, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,shuffle=True, collate_fn=collate_batch)valid_dataloader = DataLoader(split_valid_, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,shuffle=True, collate_fn=collate_batch)# 训练循环
for epoch in range(1, EPOCHS + 1):epoch_start_time = time.time()train(train_dataloader)val_acc, val_loss = evaluate(valid_dataloader)# 更新学习率的策略lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']if total_accu is not None and total_accu > val_acc:scheduler.step()else:total_accu = val_accprint('-' * 69)print('| end of epoch {:3d} | time: {:4.2f}s | ''valid accuracy {:4.3f} | valid loss {:4.3f} | lr {:4.6f}'.format(epoch, time.time() - epoch_start_time, val_acc, val_loss, lr))print('-' * 69)test_acc, test_loss = evaluate(valid_dataloader)
print('模型的准确率: {:5.4f}'.format(test_acc))def predict(text, text_pipeline):with torch.no_grad():text = torch.tensor(text_pipeline(text))output = model(text, torch.tensor([0]))return output.argmax(1).item()# 示例文本字符串
# ex_text_str = "例句输入——这是一个待预测类别的示例句子"
ex_text_str = "这不仅影响到我们的方案是否可行13号的"model = model.to("cpu")print("该文本的类别是: %s" % label_name[predict(ex_text_str, text_pipeline)])

效果略差于SGD优化器

9.1.2调参：

效果较SGD优化器提升1个百分点

9.1.2使用`RMSprop`优化器：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os, PIL, pathlib, warningswarnings.filterwarnings("ignore")  # 忽略警告信息# win10系统
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)import pandas as pd# 加载自定义中文数据集
train_data = pd.read_csv('D:/train.csv', sep='\t', header=None)
train_data.head()# 构建数据集迭代器
def custom_data_iter(texts, labels):for x, y in zip(texts, labels):yield x, ytrain_iter = custom_data_iter(train_data[0].values[:], train_data[1].values[:])from torchtext.data.utils import get_tokenizer
from torchtext.vocab import build_vocab_from_iterator
import jieba# 中文分词方法
tokenizer = jieba.lcutdef yield_tokens(data_iter):for text,_ in data_iter:yield tokenizer(text)vocab = build_vocab_from_iterator(yield_tokens(train_iter), specials=["<unk>"])
vocab.set_default_index(vocab["<unk>"])print(vocab(['我', '想', '看', '书', '和', '你', '一起', '看', '电影', '的', '新款', '视频']))label_name = list(set(train_data[1].values[:]))
print(label_name)text_pipeline = lambda x: vocab(tokenizer(x))
label_pipeline = lambda x: label_name.index(x)print(text_pipeline('我想看新闻或者上网站看最新的游戏视频'))
print(label_pipeline('Video-Play'))from torch.utils.data import DataLoaderdef collate_batch(batch):label_list, text_list, offsets = [], [], [0]for (_text, _label) in batch:# 标签列表label_list.append(label_pipeline(_label))# 文本列表processed_text = torch.tensor(text_pipeline(_text), dtype=torch.int64)text_list.append(processed_text)# 偏移量，即词汇的起始位置offsets.append(processed_text.size(0))label_list = torch.tensor(label_list, dtype=torch.int64)text_list = torch.cat(text_list)offsets = torch.tensor(offsets[:-1]).cumsum(dim=0)  # 累计偏移量dim中维度元素的累计和return text_list.to(device), label_list.to(device), offsets.to(device)# 数据加载器，调用示例
dataloader = DataLoader(train_iter,batch_size=8,shuffle=False,collate_fn=collate_batch)from torch import nnclass TextClassificationModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self, vocab_size, embed_dim, num_class):super(TextClassificationModel, self).__init__()self.embedding = nn.EmbeddingBag(vocab_size, embed_dim, sparse=False)self.fc = nn.Linear(embed_dim, num_class)self.init_weights()def init_weights(self):initrange = 0.5self.embedding.weight.data.uniform_(-initrange, initrange)self.fc.weight.data.uniform_(-initrange, initrange)self.fc.bias.data.zero_()def forward(self, text, offsets):embedded = self.embedding(text, offsets)return self.fc(embedded)
num_class = len(label_name)
vocab_size = len(vocab)
em_size = 64
model = TextClassificationModel(vocab_size, em_size, num_class).to(device)import timedef train(dataloader):model.train()  # 切换到训练模式total_acc, train_loss, total_count = 0, 0, 0log_interval = 50start_time = time.time()for idx, (text, label, offsets) in enumerate(dataloader):predicted_label = model(text, offsets)optimizer.zero_grad()  # 梯度归零loss = criterion(predicted_label, label)  # 计算损失loss.backward()  # 反向传播torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), 0.1)  # 梯度裁剪optimizer.step()  # 优化器更新权重# 记录acc和losstotal_acc += (predicted_label.argmax(1) == label).sum().item()train_loss += loss.item()total_count += label.size(0)if idx % log_interval == 0 and idx > 0:elapsed = time.time() - start_timeprint('| epoch {:3d} | {:5d}/{:5d} batches ''| accuracy {:8.3f} | loss {:8.5f}'.format(epoch, idx, len(dataloader),total_acc/total_count, train_loss/total_count))total_acc, train_loss, total_count = 0, 0, 0start_time = time.time()def evaluate(dataloader):model.eval()  # 切换到评估模式total_acc, total_count = 0, 0with torch.no_grad():for idx, (text, label, offsets) in enumerate(dataloader):predicted_label = model(text, offsets)loss = criterion(predicted_label, label)  # 计算losstotal_acc += (predicted_label.argmax(1) == label).sum().item()total_count += label.size(0)return total_acc/total_count, total_countfrom torch.utils.data.dataset import random_split
from torchtext.data.functional import to_map_style_dataset
# 参数设置
#EPOCHS = 10  # epoch数量
#LR = 5  # 学习速率
#BATCH_SIZE = 64  # 训练的batch大小
EPOCHS = 10  # epoch数量
LR = 0.001  # 通常Adam的学习率设置为一个较小的值，例如0.001
BATCH_SIZE = 64  # 训练的batch大小
# 设置损失函数、优化器和调度器
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
#optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=LR)
#optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=LR)
optimizer = torch.optim.RMSprop(model.parameters(), lr=LR)scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, 1.0, gamma=0.1)
total_accu = None# 准备数据集
train_iter = custom_data_iter(train_data[0].values[:], train_data[1].values[:])
train_dataset = to_map_style_dataset(train_iter)split_train_, split_valid_ = random_split(train_dataset,[int(len(train_dataset)*0.8), int(len(train_dataset)*0.2)])train_dataloader = DataLoader(split_train_, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,shuffle=True, collate_fn=collate_batch)valid_dataloader = DataLoader(split_valid_, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,shuffle=True, collate_fn=collate_batch)# 训练循环
for epoch in range(1, EPOCHS + 1):epoch_start_time = time.time()train(train_dataloader)val_acc, val_loss = evaluate(valid_dataloader)# 更新学习率的策略lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']if total_accu is not None and total_accu > val_acc:scheduler.step()else:total_accu = val_accprint('-' * 69)print('| end of epoch {:3d} | time: {:4.2f}s | ''valid accuracy {:4.3f} | valid loss {:4.3f} | lr {:4.6f}'.format(epoch, time.time() - epoch_start_time, val_acc, val_loss, lr))print('-' * 69)test_acc, test_loss = evaluate(valid_dataloader)
print('模型的准确率: {:5.4f}'.format(test_acc))def predict(text, text_pipeline):with torch.no_grad():text = torch.tensor(text_pipeline(text))output = model(text, torch.tensor([0]))return output.argmax(1).item()# 示例文本字符串
# ex_text_str = "例句输入——这是一个待预测类别的示例句子"
ex_text_str = "这不仅影响到我们的方案是否可行13号的"model = model.to("cpu")print("该文本的类别是: %s" % label_name[predict(ex_text_str, text_pipeline)])

最佳训练结果略优于其他两种优化器

9.2使用预训练的词嵌入，如Word2Vec、GloVe或者直接使用预训练的语言模型，如BERT，作为特征提取器

在原始代码中使用预训练的词嵌入或BERT模型，需要在定义模型类TextClassificationModel之前加载嵌入，并相应地修改该类。以下是整个流程的步骤：

加载预训练嵌入:

如果使用Word2Vec或GloVe，加载词嵌入并创建一个嵌入层。
如果使用BERT，加载BERT模型和分词器。

修改模型定义:

对于Word2Vec或GloVe，替换模型中的nn.EmbeddingBag为使用预训练嵌入的层。
对于BERT，定义一个新的模型类，其中包含BERT模型和一个分类层。

修改数据预处理:

对于BERT，使用BERT分词器处理文本。

更新训练和评估函数:

适应BERT模型的输入格式。

修改模型初始化:

使用新的模型定义来创建模型实例。

9.2.1使用预训练的词嵌入

如果要使用预训练的Word2Vec或GloVe词嵌入，需要在模型定义之前加载词嵌入，并替换嵌入层，并将它们设置为模型中nn.Embedding层的初始权重。

替换选中部分

from torchtext.vocab import GloVe# 加载GloVe词嵌入
embedding_glove = GloVe(name='6B', dim=100)def get_embedding(word):return embedding_glove.vectors[embedding_glove.stoi[word]]# 用预训练的嵌入来替换模型中的初始权重
def create_emb_layer(weights_matrix, non_trainable=False):num_embeddings, embedding_dim = weights_matrix.size()emb_layer = nn.Embedding.from_pretrained(weights_matrix, freeze=non_trainable)return emb_layer# 创建权重矩阵
weights_matrix = torch.zeros((vocab_size, em_size))
for i, word in enumerate(vocab.get_itos()):try:weights_matrix[i] = get_embedding(word)except KeyError:# 对于词汇表中不存在于GloVe的词，随机初始化一个嵌入weights_matrix[i] = torch.randn(em_size)# 重写模型定义以使用预训练的嵌入
class TextClassificationModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self, vocab_size, embed_dim, num_class):super(TextClassificationModel, self).__init__()self.embedding = create_emb_layer(weights_matrix, True)  # 设置为True表示不训练嵌入self.fc = nn.Linear(embed_dim, num_class)def forward(self, text, offsets):embedded = self.embedding(text, offsets)return self.fc(embedded)

创建模型实例：

# 创建新的模型实例（Word2Vec/GloVe或BERT）
model = TextClassificationModel(vocab_size, em_size, num_class).to(device)
# 或者对于BERT
# model = BertTextClassificationModel(num_class).to(device)

运行展示：

运行后自动下载GloVe嵌入截图

9.2.2 使用BERT预训练模型（同上）

from transformers import BertModel, BertTokenizer# 加载预训练的BERT模型和分词器
bert_tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-chinese')
bert_model = BertModel.from_pretrained('bert-base-chinese')class BertTextClassificationModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self, num_class):super(BertTextClassificationModel, self).__init__()self.bert = bert_modelself.fc = nn.Linear(self.bert.config.hidden_size, num_class)def forward(self, text, offsets):# 因为BERT需要特殊的输入格式，所以您需要在这里调整text的处理方式# 这里仅是一个示例，您需要根据实际情况进行调整inputs = bert_tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt', padding=True, truncation=True)outputs = self.bert(**inputs)# 使用CLS标记的输出来进行分类cls_output = outputs.last_hidden_state[:, 0, :]return self.fc(cls_output)