Unity 代理模式（实例详解）-编程知识

文章目录

- - 实例1：资源加载代理（Asset Loading Proxy）
  - 实例2：网络请求代理（Network Request Proxy）
  - 实例3：性能优化代理（Performance Optimization Proxy）
  - 实例4：权限控制代理（Authorization Control Proxy）
  - 实例5：热更新代理（Hot Reload Proxy）

在Unity游戏开发中，代理模式（Proxy Design Pattern）用于为另一个对象提供一个代理以控制对这个对象的访问。以下是在Unity环境下实现代理模式的5个不同代码实例说明：

实例1：资源加载代理（Asset Loading Proxy）

// 原始资源加载接口
public interface IResourceLoader
{Texture2D LoadTexture(string path);
}// 真实资源加载器
public class RealResourceLoader : IResourceLoader
{public Texture2D LoadTexture(string path){return Resources.Load<Texture2D>(path);}
}// 资源加载代理，负责异步加载并缓存资源
public class AssetLoadingProxy : IResourceLoader
{private Dictionary<string, IEnumerator> _loadingTasks;private RealResourceLoader _realLoader;public AssetLoadingProxy(){_loadingTasks = new Dictionary<string, IEnumerator>();_realLoader = new RealResourceLoader();}public IEnumerator LoadTextureAsync(string path, Action<Texture2D> onLoaded){if (!_loadingTasks.ContainsKey(path)){var www = UnityWebRequestTexture.GetTexture(path);yield return www.SendWebRequest();if (www.result == UnityWebRequest.Result.Success){var texture = DownloadHandlerTexture.GetContent(www);_loadingTasks[path] = null; // 移除任务记录，避免重复加载onLoaded?.Invoke(texture);}else{Debug.LogError($"Failed to load texture: {www.error}");}}else{while (_loadingTasks[path] != null){yield return null; // 等待资源完成加载}onLoaded?.Invoke(_realLoader.LoadTexture(path)); // 加载完成后调用回调}}
}

实例2：网络请求代理（Network Request Proxy）

// 网络请求接口
public interface INetworkService
{void SendRequest(string url, Action<string> onResponse);
}// 真实网络服务类
public class RealNetworkService : INetworkService
{public void SendRequest(string url, Action<string> onResponse){StartCoroutine(SendRequestCoroutine(url, onResponse));}private IEnumerator SendRequestCoroutine(string url, Action<string> onResponse){using (var request = UnityWebRequest.Get(url)){yield return request.SendWebRequest();if (request.result == UnityWebRequest.Result.Success){onResponse(request.downloadHandler.text);}else{Debug.LogError($"Error sending network request: {request.error}");}}}
}// 网络请求代理，添加了请求队列和错误重试机制
public class NetworkRequestProxy : INetworkService
{private INetworkService _realService;private Queue<Action> _requestQueue;private int _maxRetryCount;public NetworkRequestProxy(INetworkService realService, int maxRetries){_realService = realService;_requestQueue = new Queue<Action>();_maxRetryCount = maxRetries;}public void SendRequest(string url, Action<string> onResponse){_requestQueue.Enqueue(() => _realService.SendRequest(url, response =>{if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(response) || --_maxRetryCount < 0){onResponse(response);}else{SendRequest(url, onResponse); // 重试请求}}));ProcessNextRequest(); // 开始处理队列中的下一个请求}private void ProcessNextRequest(){if (_requestQueue.Count > 0){var nextAction = _requestQueue.Dequeue();StartCoroutine(ProcessRequestCoroutine(nextAction));}}private IEnumerator ProcessRequestCoroutine(Action action){yield return new WaitForSeconds(0.1f); // 假设这里有防止频繁请求的间隔action();}
}

实例3：性能优化代理（Performance Optimization Proxy）

// 高级图形渲染组件接口
public interface IAdvancedRenderer
{void RenderHighQualityMesh(Mesh mesh);
}// 真实高级渲染组件
public class RealAdvancedRenderer : IAdvancedRenderer
{public void RenderHighQualityMesh(Mesh mesh){// 执行高质量、高消耗的渲染操作// ...}
}// 性能优化代理，根据设备性能动态调整渲染质量
public class PerformanceProxyRenderer : IAdvancedRenderer
{private IAdvancedRenderer _realRenderer;private bool _isLowEndDevice;public PerformanceProxyRenderer(IAdvancedRenderer realRenderer, SystemInfo systemInfo){_realRenderer = realRenderer;_isLowEndDevice = systemInfo.graphicsMemorySize < 1024; // 假设低于1GB显存的设备是低端设备}public void RenderHighQualityMesh(Mesh mesh){if (!_isLowEndDevice){_realRenderer.RenderHighQualityMesh(mesh);}else{// 执行低质量、低消耗的替代渲染操作RenderLowQualityMesh(mesh);}}private void RenderLowQualityMesh(Mesh mesh){// ...}
}

实例4：权限控制代理（Authorization Control Proxy）

// 数据库访问接口
public interface IDataAccess
{void SaveData(UserData data);
}// 真实数据库访问类
public class RealDataAccess : IDataAccess
{public void SaveData(UserData data){// 存储用户数据到数据库// ...}
}// 权限控制代理，确保只有管理员可以写入数据
public class AuthorizationProxy : IDataAccess
{private IDataAccess _realAccess;private IUserService _userService;public AuthorizationProxy(IDataAccess realAccess, IUserService userService){_realAccess = realAccess;_userService = userService;}public void SaveData(UserData data){if (_userService.IsCurrentUserAdmin()){_realAccess.SaveData(data);}else{Debug.LogWarning("Non-admin user attempted to save data.");}}
}

实例5：热更新代理（Hot Reload Proxy）

// MonoBehavior基类
public abstract class MonoBehaviourBase : UnityEngine.MonoBehaviour
{// 公共方法声明...
}// 热更脚本接口
public interface IHotReloadable
{void OnHotReload();
}// 热更代理MonoBehavior
public class HotReloadProxy : MonoBehaviourBase
{private IHotReloadable _hotReloadTarget;public void SetHotReloadTarget(IHotReloadable target){_hotReloadTarget = target;}void Update(){// 如果目标实现了热更接口，则在Update时触发OnHotReloadif (_hotReloadTarget != null && Application.isEditor && UnityEditor.EditorUtility.IsDirty(targetScript)){_hotReloadTarget.OnHotReload();}}
}// 真实业务逻辑脚本，通过ILRuntime或类似技术热更新
[HotReloading]
public class RealBusinessLogic : IHotReloadable
{public void OnHotReload(){// 重新加载业务逻辑// ...}// 其他业务逻辑...
}