【趣味项目】2048 简单实现-编程知识

【趣味项目】2048 简单实现

请添加图片描述

算法原理

假设用一个二维矩阵表示 2048 页面，操作是左滑

const matrix = [[2, 2, 4, 0],[0, 2, 4, 0],[0, 2, 2, 0],[2, 4, 4, 8]
];

将所有非空的数字向左移动

matrix = [[2, 2, 4, 0],[2, 4, 0, 0],[2, 2, 0, 0],[2, 4, 4, 8]
]

将相邻的相同数字合并

matrix = [[4, 0, 4, 0],[2, 4, 0, 0],[4, 0, 0, 0],[2, 8, 0, 8]
]

将所有非空的数字向左移动

matrix = [[4, 4, 0, 0],[2, 4, 0, 0],[4, 0, 0, 0],[2, 8, 8, 0]
]

将相邻的相同数字合并

matrix = [[8, 0, 0, 0],[2, 4, 0, 0],[4, 0, 0, 0],[2, 8, 8, 0]
]

将所有非空的数字向左移动

 matrix = [[8, 0, 0, 0],[2, 4, 0, 0],[4, 0, 0, 0],[2, 8, 8, 0]]

将相邻的相同数字合并

matrix = [[8, 0, 0, 0],[2, 4, 0, 0],[4, 0, 0, 0],[2, 16, 0, 0]
]

用 js 实现上述操作

const moveLeft = (matrix) => {const moveLeftOnce = (matrix) => {const size = matrix.length;// 第一步：将所有非零的数字向左移动for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {let currentRow = matrix[i].filter((item) => item !== 0);let zeroCount = size - currentRow.length;matrix[i] = currentRow.concat(Array(zeroCount).fill(0));}// 第二步：将相邻的相同数字合并for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < size - 1; j++) {if (matrix[i][j] === matrix[i][j + 1]) {matrix[i][j] *= 2;matrix[i][j + 1] = 0;}}}}// 记录上一步结束的矩阵let lastSMatrix = JSON.stringify(matrix);while (true) {moveLeftOnce(matrix);// 没有变化则操作完毕if (JSON.stringify(matrix) === lastSMatrix) {break;}lastSMatrix = JSON.stringify(matrix);}
}

左滑
右滑: 翻转 -> 左滑 -> 翻转
上滑: 对角线翻折 -> 左滑 -> 对角线翻折
下滑: 对角线翻折 -> 右滑 -> 对角线翻折

实现思路

render 函数用于渲染外部容器和内部单元格
通过 requestAnimationFrame 循环调用 render 函数
添加键盘事件，借助复杂类型传参直接修改 matrix
render 函数根据 matrix 遍历渲染单元格
键盘事件触发后检测是否结束

实现源码

仅为 JS 文件部分，其他文件及目录结构可在该仓库查看 GitCode

// main.js
const moveLeft = (matrix) => {const moveLeftOnce = (matrix) => {const size = matrix.length;// 第一步：将所有非零的数字向左移动for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {let currentRow = matrix[i].filter((item) => item !== 0);let zeroCount = size - currentRow.length;matrix[i] = currentRow.concat(Array(zeroCount).fill(0));}// 第二步：将相邻的相同数字合并for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < size - 1; j++) {if (matrix[i][j] === matrix[i][j + 1]) {matrix[i][j] *= 2;matrix[i][j + 1] = 0;}}}}let lastSMatrix = JSON.stringify(matrix);while (true) {moveLeftOnce(matrix);if (JSON.stringify(matrix) === lastSMatrix) {break;}lastSMatrix = JSON.stringify(matrix);}
}const moveRight = (matrix) => {const reverseMatrix = (matrix) => {const size = matrix.length;for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {matrix[i] = matrix[i].reverse();}}reverseMatrix(matrix);moveLeft(matrix);reverseMatrix(matrix);
}const moveUp = (matrix) => {const transposeMatrix = (matrix) => {const size = matrix.length;const newMatrix = Array.from({ length: size }, () => Array(size).fill(0));for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {newMatrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];}}for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {matrix[i][j] = newMatrix[i][j];}}}transposeMatrix(matrix);moveLeft(matrix);transposeMatrix(matrix);
}const moveDown = (matrix) => {const transposeMatrix = (matrix) => {const size = matrix.length;const newMatrix = Array.from({ length: size }, () => Array(size).fill(0));for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {newMatrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];}}for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {matrix[i][j] = newMatrix[i][j];}}}transposeMatrix(matrix);moveRight(matrix);transposeMatrix(matrix);
}const main = () => {const color = {0: '#CCC0B3',2: '#EEE4DA',4: '#EDE0C8',8: '#F2B179',16: '#F49563',32: '#F5794D',64: '#F55D37',128: '#EEE863',256: '#EDB04D',512: '#ECB04D',1024: '#EB9437',2048: '#EA7821',};const matrix = [[2, 2, 4, 0, 4],[0, 2, 4, 0, 0],[0, 2, 2, 0, 16],[2, 4, 4, 8, 32],[2, 4, 4, 8, 32],];/*** 绘制一个单元格* @param {string} color 颜色* @param {number} num 数字 */const renderPixel = (color, num) => {const div = document.createElement('div');div.style.width = '100px';div.style.height = '100px';div.style.backgroundColor = color;div.style.fontSize = '40px';div.style.textAlign = 'center';div.style.lineHeight = '100px';div.innerText = num;return div;}const size = matrix.length;const app = document.getElementById('app');const render = (matrix) => {const container = document.createElement('div');container.style.display = 'grid';container.style.gridTemplateColumns = `repeat(${size}, 100px)`;container.style.gridTemplateRows = `repeat(${size}, 100px)`;container.style.width = `${size * 100}px`;container.style.height = `${size * 100}px`;container.style.border = '1px solid #000';container.style.borderRadius = '5px';container.style.margin = '100px auto';container.style.boxShadow = '0 0 10px #000';container.style.position = 'relative';container.style.overflow = 'hidden';container.style.backgroundColor = '#BBADA0';container.style.borderRadius = '5px';container.style.padding = '5px';container.style.boxSizing = 'border-box';container.style.transition = 'all 0.3s';container.style.userSelect = 'none';container.style.touchAction = 'none';container.style.cursor = 'pointer';for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {const pixel = renderPixel(color[matrix[i][j]], matrix[i][j]);container.appendChild(pixel);}}app.appendChild(container);};const update = (matrix) => {app.innerHTML = '';render(matrix);requestAnimationFrame(() => {update(matrix);});}requestAnimationFrame(() => {update(matrix);});document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {switch (e.key) {case 'ArrowLeft':moveLeft(matrix);break;case 'ArrowRight':moveRight(matrix);break;case 'ArrowUp':moveUp(matrix);break;case 'ArrowDown':moveDown(matrix);break;}const finishend = matrix.every((row) => row.every((item) => item !== 0));if (finishend) {alert('Game Over!');} else {const empty = [];for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {if (matrix[i][j] === 0) {empty.push([i, j]);}}}const random = empty[Math.floor(Math.random() * empty.length)];matrix[random[0]][random[1]] = Math.random() > 0.5 ? 2 : 4;}});
};window.onload = main;