SpringAOP+自定义注解实现限制接口访问频率，利用滑动窗口思想Redis的ZSet（附带整个Demo）-编程知识

1.创建切面

2.创建自定义注解

3.自定义异常类

4.全局异常捕获

5.Controller层

demo的地址，自行获取《《——————————————————————————

Spring Boot整合Aop面向切面编程实现权限校验，SpringAop+自定义注解+自定义异常+全局异常捕获，实现权限验证，要求对每个接口都实现单独的权限校验

背景

在日常开发中，为了保证系统稳定性，防止被恶意攻击，我们可以控制用户访问接口的频率，

颜色部分表示窗口大小

在指定时间内，只能允许访问N次，我们将这个指定时间T，看出一个滑动的窗口宽度，Redis的zset的score为滑动窗口，在操作zset的时候，只保留窗口数据，删除其他数据

1.创建切面

package com.example.aspect;import com.example.annotation.RequestLimiting;
import com.example.exception.ConditionException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.expression.operators.arithmetic.Concat;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ZSetOperations;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Aspect
@Slf4j
@Component
public class ApiLimitedRoleAspect {@Autowiredprivate StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;@Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.annotation.RequestLimiting)")public void poincut() {}@Around("poincut() && @annotation(requestLimiting)")public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint, RequestLimiting requestLimiting) throws Throwable {//获取注解参数long period = requestLimiting.period();long count = requestLimiting.count();ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();HttpServletRequest request = requestAttributes.getRequest();//获取ip和urlString ip = request.getRemoteAddr();String uri = request.getRequestURI();//拼接redis的key值String key = "reqLimiting" + uri + ip;ZSetOperations<String, String> zSetOperations = stringRedisTemplate.opsForZSet();//获取当前时间long curTime = System.currentTimeMillis();//添加当前时间zSetOperations.add(key, String.valueOf(curTime), curTime);//设置过期时间stringRedisTemplate.expire(key, period, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//删除窗口之外的值//这个a指的是实际窗口的范围边界，比如，我从10:00开始访问,//每秒访问1次,在11:12时,记录里就会有62条,此时的a表示10:12,//最后会删除掉10:00-10:12的所有key,留下的都10:12-11:12的keyLong a = curTime - period * 1000;log.error(String.valueOf(a));zSetOperations.removeRangeByScore(key, 0, a);//设置访问次数Long acount = zSetOperations.zCard(key);if (acount > count) {log.error("接口拦截：{}请求超过限制频率{}次/{}s,ip为{}", uri, count, period, ip);throw new ConditionException("10004", "接口访问受限,请稍后");}return proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();}}

2.创建自定义注解

package com.example.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.*;/**
*<p> </p>
*自定义注解* 接口访问频率
*@author panwu
*@descripion
*@date 2024/3/24 13:23
*/
@Documented
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface RequestLimiting {//窗口宽度long period() default  60;//允许访问次数long count() default  5;
}

3.自定义异常类

package com.example.exception;public class ConditionException extends RuntimeException {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private String code;//    public ConditionException(ConditionExceptionEnum conditionExceptionEnum){
//        super(conditionExceptionEnum.getDesc());
//        this.code = conditionExceptionEnum.getCode();
//    }public ConditionException(String code, String name) {super(name);this.code = code;}public ConditionException(String name){super(name);code="500";}public String getCode() {return code;}public void setCode(String code) {this.code = code;}}

4.全局异常捕获

package com.example.exception;import com.example.dto.Result;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;@ControllerAdvice
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
public class ComonGlobalExceptionHandler {@ExceptionHandler(value = ConditionException.class)@ResponseBodypublic Result conditionException(ConditionException e){return Result.fail(e.getCode(),e.getMessage());}
}

5.Controller层

package com.example.controller;import com.example.annotation.RequestLimiting;
import com.example.dto.Result;
import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {@GetMapping()@RequestLimiting(count = 3)public Result get(){log.debug("访问成功");return Result.ok("访问成功");}
}

要知道的是，该Demo实现的是对同一用户的反复点击进行频率限制，也可用作幂等性校验，具体值需要设置，还需要考虑分布式情况，加上分布式锁