Qt 完成图片的缩放拖动-编程知识

1. 事件和函数

主要使用事件paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)和drawTiledPixmap函数实现绘图。

paintEvent事件在改变窗口大小、移动窗口、手动调用update等情形下会被调用。
需先了解下绘图该函数的用法。 - QPainter::drawTiledPixmap(int x, int y, int w, int h, const QPixmap &pm, int sx, int sy)
效果：

2. 建立项目

假设已新建了mainwindow项目。现再添加一界面用于单独显示图片，作为子窗口供调用（当然，也可在main.c直接调用，作为父窗口）。
1）右击界面文件—添加新文件—QT—QT设计师界面类—choose—Dialog without buttons。类名为CImgPaint。
打开ui文件，添加控件，主要是label和button，

具体属性列表如下：

其中，label控件仅仅是提供绘图的区域，但最终绘图不是绘在label控件上。

3. 头文件添加变量，编写构造函数

头文件中包含头文件

#define USE_OPENCV 0#include <QDialog>
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "QPoint"
using namespace std;
#if USE_OPENCV#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"#include <opencv2/core.hpp>using namespace cv;
#endifnamespace Ui {
class CImgPaint;
}
类中添加成员变量
private:QPixmap  pix_src,pix_fix;//原始图片及缩放图片float ratio=1.0;        //缩放比QRect paint_rect;           //绘画限制区域int paint_xe,paint_ye,paint_we,paint_he;//期望绘画区域int paint_x,paint_y,paint_w,paint_h;//实际绘画区域int pix_sx,pix_sy;          //选择图片的起始x、y开始绘画int step_val = 20;          //单次移动步长bool mouse_press_flag = false;//鼠标是否按下QPoint mouse_pos_pre,mouse_pos_cur;//记录鼠标位置

构造函数中，添加输入图片的读取，以及变量初始化。

#include "CImgPaint.h"
#include "ui_cimgpaint.h"
#include "QDebug"
#include "QPainter"
#include "QWheelEvent"
#include "QImage"
CImgPaint::CImgPaint(QWidget *parent) :QDialog(parent),ui(new Ui::CImgPaint)
{ui->setupUi(this);#if USE_OPENCVcv::Mat img = cv::imread("lenaGray.jpg",-1);pix_src = get_pixmap_from_mat(img);
#elseQImage qimg ;qimg.load("./lenaGray.jpg");pix_src = pix_src.fromImage(qimg);
#endifpaint_rect.setRect(ui->label_paint->x()+1,ui->label_paint->y()+1,ui->label_paint->width()+1,ui->label_paint->height()+1);pix_fix = pix_src.scaled(paint_rect.width(),paint_rect.height(),Qt::KeepAspectRatio,Qt::FastTransformation);reset_para();update_para();
}void CImgPaint::reset_para(void)
{ratio = 1.0;paint_xe = paint_x =paint_rect.x()  ;paint_ye = paint_y = paint_rect.y();paint_we = paint_w = paint_rect.width();paint_he = paint_h = paint_rect.height();pix_sx = 0;pix_sy = 0;
}#if USE_OPENCV
QPixmap CImgPaint::get_pixmap_from_mat(Mat img)
{cv::Mat img_temp = img.clone();QImage::Format format = QImage::Format_RGB888;if(img_temp.channels()==1){format  = QImage::Format_Grayscale8;}if(img_temp.channels()==3){cv::cvtColor(img_temp,img_temp,CV_BGR2RGB);//opencv 按BGR处理}if(img_temp.depth()==CV_16U){img_temp.convertTo(img_temp,CV_8U,1.0/257.0);}QPixmap pixmap = QPixmap::fromImage(QImage(img_temp.data,img_temp.cols,img_temp.rows,(int)img_temp.step,format));return pixmap;}
#endif
CImgPaint::~CImgPaint()
{delete ui;
}

update_para函数用来确定drawTiledPixmap函数的各参数。

void CImgPaint::update_para(void)
{//*************** 0. 处理放大和缩小 **********************//// 放大缩小仅仅改变width和height，图像的起始点，不变int w,h;w = ratio*paint_rect.width();//放大或缩小，统一对标到画布尺寸h = ratio*paint_rect.height();pix_fix = pix_src.scaled(w,h,Qt::KeepAspectRatio,Qt::FastTransformation);//对输入的原图进行放大、缩小paint_we = pix_fix.width();//得到初始的图像w、h期望值paint_he = pix_fix.height();//*************** 1. 处理Y方向 **********************////1.1 首先确定实际绘图的起点，绘图的起点应在画布的大小范围内 //// 若期望的起点超出画布上限，则设置截取图像的起始位置sypaint_y = paint_ye;if(paint_y < paint_rect.y()){pix_sy =  paint_rect.y() - paint_y;pix_sy = pix_sy>pix_fix.height()?pix_fix.height():pix_sy;paint_y = paint_rect.y();}else{pix_sy = 0;}//若期望的起点超出画布下限，不允许if(paint_y>=(paint_rect.y()+paint_rect.height()-1)){paint_y = (paint_rect.y()+paint_rect.height()-1);}//1.2 再确定终点，即高度//对于图片本身，减去sy，得到图片本身剩余的高度paint_he -= pix_sy;// 图片本身的高度，同样不可超过画图区域剩余的高度paint_he = paint_he>( paint_rect.height()+paint_rect.y()-paint_y )?(paint_rect.height()+paint_rect.y()-paint_y):paint_he;//*************** 2. 处理X方向 **********************////1.1 首先确定实际绘图的起点，绘图的起点应在画布的大小范围内 //// 若期望的起点超出画布上限，则设置截取图像的起始位置sxpaint_x = paint_xe;if(paint_x < paint_rect.x()){pix_sx =  paint_rect.x() - paint_x;pix_sx = pix_sx>pix_fix.width()?pix_fix.width():pix_sx;paint_x = paint_rect.x();}else{pix_sx = 0;}//若期望的起点超出画布下限，不允许if(paint_x>=(paint_rect.x()+paint_rect.width()-1)){paint_x = (paint_rect.x()+paint_rect.width()-1);}//1.2 再确定终点，即宽度//对于图片本身，减去sx，得到图片本身剩余的宽度paint_we -= pix_sx;// 图片本身的宽度，同样不可超过画图区域剩余的宽度paint_we = paint_we>( paint_rect.width()+paint_rect.x()-paint_x )?(paint_rect.width()+paint_rect.x()-paint_x):paint_we;paint_h = paint_he;paint_w = paint_we;qDebug()<<paint_rect;qDebug()<<paint_x<<paint_y<<paint_w<<paint_h<<pix_fix<<pix_sx<<pix_sy;}

4. paintEvent事件

头文件声明void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event);并且在cpp文件中重写该事件函数


public slots:void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event);

void CImgPaint::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)
{QPainter painter(this);painter.setRenderHints(QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform|QPainter::Antialiasing|QPainter::TextAntialiasing);painter.drawRect(paint_rect.x()-1,paint_rect.y()-1,paint_rect.width()+1,paint_rect.height()+1); //画框painter.drawTiledPixmap(paint_x,paint_y,paint_w,paint_h,pix_fix,pix_sx,pix_sy);//绘图}

5. 编写按钮的回调函数

按钮的回调函数主要用来修改变量的值。修改完后，调用update_para、update，重绘。
update_para函数用来确定drawTiledPixmap函数的各参数。

void CImgPaint::on_pushButton_zoomIn_clicked()
{ratio = ratio + 0.1*ratio;update_para();this->update();
}void CImgPaint::on_pushButton_zoomOut_clicked()
{ratio = ratio - 0.1*ratio;update_para();this->update();
}void CImgPaint::on_pushButton_Up_clicked()
{paint_ye -=step_val;update_para();this->update();
}void CImgPaint::on_pushButton_Down_clicked()
{paint_ye +=step_val;update_para();this->update();}void CImgPaint::on_pushButton_Left_clicked()
{paint_xe -= step_val;update_para();this->update();}void CImgPaint::on_pushButton_Right_clicked()
{paint_xe += step_val;update_para();this->update();}void CImgPaint::on_pushButton_reset_clicked()
{reset_para();update_para();this->update();
}

这样，可以通过点击按钮来完成图片的移动、缩放。

6.鼠标拖动、滚轮实现图片拖动及缩放

重写如下虚函数

public slots:void wheelEvent(QWheelEvent *event);bool event(QEvent *event);void mouseDoubleClickEvent(QMouseEvent *event);

void CImgPaint::mouseDoubleClickEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{if(event->button()==Qt::LeftButton && paint_rect.contains(event->pos())){reset_para();update_para();this->update();}
}
bool CImgPaint::event(QEvent *event)
{qDebug()<<"event";if(event->type() == QEvent::MouseButtonPress ){QMouseEvent *mouse = dynamic_cast<QMouseEvent* >(event);//QPoint temp = mouse->pos();if(mouse->button()==Qt::LeftButton && paint_rect.contains(mouse->pos())){mouse_press_flag = true;QApplication::setOverrideCursor(Qt::OpenHandCursor);mouse_pos_pre = mouse->pos();}qDebug()<<"MouseButtonPress";}else if(event->type() == QEvent::MouseButtonRelease){QMouseEvent *mouse = dynamic_cast<QMouseEvent* >(event);//判断鼠标是否是左键释放,且之前是在绘画区域if(mouse->button()==Qt::LeftButton && mouse_press_flag ){QApplication::setOverrideCursor(Qt::ArrowCursor); //改回鼠标样式mouse_press_flag=false;}qDebug()<<"MouseButtonRelease";}if(event->type() == QEvent::MouseMove)              //移动图片{if(mouse_press_flag){QMouseEvent *mouse = dynamic_cast<QMouseEvent* >(event);mouse_pos_cur = mouse->pos();int dx = mouse_pos_cur.x() - mouse_pos_pre.x();int dy = mouse_pos_cur.y() - mouse_pos_pre.y();mouse_pos_pre = mouse_pos_cur;paint_xe += dx;paint_ye += dy;update_para();this->update();}qDebug()<<"MouseMove";}return QWidget::event(event);
}void CImgPaint::wheelEvent(QWheelEvent *event)
{if (event->delta()>0) //上滑,缩小{on_pushButton_zoomIn_clicked();}else //下滑,放大{on_pushButton_zoomOut_clicked();}event->accept();
}

可实现鼠标拖动、滚轮的方式来完成图片的拖动、缩放。
源码下载地址（附使用方法）：
https://download.csdn.net/download/xiaohuolong1827/78238541

原链接