如何编译OpenHarmony自带APP-编程知识

作者：王石

概述

OpenHarmony 的主干代码是开源社区的重要学习资源，对于想进行应用开发和熟悉 OpenHarmony 能力的同学主干代码是非常重要的资源，在主干代码的 applications 目录里聚集了很多原生的应用实现，那么如何编译这些代码就是我们这篇文章的主要议题。

使用 DevEco 导入编译

导入代码

自动下载 npm 包

导入应用后，IDE 工具就会自动 sync 相关依赖 npm 包，完成之后会出现以下界面

然后即可以开始 build

一些报错处理
- sdk 依赖缺失

         ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:386:20Property 'removeDevice' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:391:37Property 'getDeviceConfigs' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:395:24Property 'connectToDevice' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.ETS:ERROR File: D:/gitee/applications_app_samples-master/settings1118/settings/settings/product/phone/src/main/ets/model/wifiImpl/WifiModel.ts:439:41Property 'getDeviceConfigs' does not exist on type 'typeof wifi'.

以上错误即为 sdk 缺失导致，也就是 import wifi from ‘@ohos.wifi’;这个 d.ts 文件里没有和主干最新的接口和功能同步，这时候偷懒的法子就是在对应的文件头增加// @ts-nocheck，如下。如果是正规方式，则应该找主干代码里的对应文件，拷贝到 IDE 的 sdk 目录下。

        // @ts-nocheckimport LogUtil from '../../../../../../../common/utils/src/main/ets/default/baseUtil/LogUtil';import ConfigData from '../../../../../../../common/utils/src/main/ets/default/baseUtil/ConfigData';import wifi from '@ohos.wifi';import BaseModel from '../../../../../../../common/utils/src/main/ets/default/model/BaseModel';

按以上套路能编译出来，提示信息如下：

        > hvigor Finished :phone:CompileResources... after 602 ms> hvigor WARN:  ETS:WARN File: D:\gitee\applications_app_samples-master\settings1118\settings\settings\product\phone\src\main\ets\pages\volumeControl.etsIt's not a recommended way to export struct with @Entry decorator, which may cause ACE Engine error in component preview mode. COMPILE RESULT:SUCCESS { WARN:1} > hvigor Finished :phone:CompileETS... after 33 s> hvigor Finished :phone:CompileJS... after 988 μs> hvigor Finished :phone:SyscapTransform... after 2 ms 210 μs> hvigor Finished :phone:PackageHap... after 1 s 510 ms> hvigor WARN: Will skip sign 'hap'. Invalid signingConfig is configured for 'default' product.> hvigor Finished :phone:SignHap... after 3 ms 580 μs> hvigor Finished :phone:assembleHap... after 73 μs> hvigor BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 37 sProcess finished with exit code 0

hap 包没有签名
按以上套路编出来的，会发现没有签名的 hap 包。如图：

这时候应该走 File -> Project Structure -> Signing Configs -> automatically generate signature，如果有选中需要取消选中然后再选中，然后 apply，最后 OK。

但是这时候其实还没有显示出来，其实上面的报错也有显示，即：

> hvigor WARN: Will skip sign 'hap'. Invalid signingConfig is configured for 'default' product.

这是因为命名不匹配，需要修改 build-profile.json5 文件的 signingConfig：

        "signingConfig": "release" 改成 "signingConfig": "default"

这样应该就能编译出 signed.hap 这应用程序包了
* install 的权限问题
如果在安装的时候发现 install 的权限报错，则是很有可能是权限配置问题。OpenHarmony 的应用分一般应用和系统应用，系统自带的 applications 大多是系统自带应用，所以配置 IDE 工具 sdk 里的
UnsgnedReleasedProfileTemplate.json，具体位置在：sdk\toolchains\3.2.7.5（对应下载和使用的 sdk 版本）\lib。在这个文件里，我们需要修改以下位置：

        {"version-name": "2.0.0","version-code": 2,"app-distribution-type": "os_integration","uuid": "5027b99e-5f9e-465d-9508-a9e0134ffe18","validity": {"not-before": 1594865258,"not-after": 1689473258},"type": "release","bundle-info": {"developer-id": "OpenHarmony","distribution-certificate": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIICFTCCAZmgAwIBAgIEH4/ajjAMBggqhkjOPQQDAwUAMGMxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkNO\nMRQwEgYDVQQKEwtPcGVuSGFybW9ueTEZMBcGA1UECxMQT3Blbkhhcm1vbnkgVGVh\nbTEjMCEGA1UEAxMaT3Blbkhhcm1vbnkgQXBwbGljYXRpb24gQ0EwHhcNMjIxMjAy\nMDM0NjMzWhcNMzIxMTI5MDM0NjMzWjBKMRUwEwYDVQQDDAxpZGVfZGVtb19hcHAx\nDTALBgNVBAsTBFVuaXQxFTATBgNVBAoTDE9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjELMAkGA1UEBhMC\nQ04wWTATBgcqhkjOPQIBBggqhkjOPQMBBwNCAAQbPC8LX1YcpBZ5+cnrF6XuofHq\nH9b1ZUURQdNx5EoYLcRvhVgDbNoG7npMRhXO/WmXCP6cH2u3RExbECzDoAaNo1Iw\nUDAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUSvsBUWNW6lvbdYMOuKqtniwqU4MwDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgeA\nMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFNuGtyIW1QuhS7fdJXu58QV9oi1HMAwGCCqGSM49BAMDBQAD\naAAwZQIwYeO7qTU9TicVAd8gfYrvRJDspUlPjwU+k2BETJC4ZyaI5s3gpdDofsNs\nwd4PGVB9AjEAtUZpYZOsFMCoDwEQgRfSfIRVi8f7TJPUubRgrt89OZE9ml3e5ez6\nL5RlJ/m5o13Q\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n","bundle-name": "com.ohos.settings",//需要修改的系统应用权限"apl": "system_core","app-feature": "hos_normal_app"},"acls": {//需要增加的权限，根据hap的权限申请设置"allowed-acls": ["ohos.permission.CAPTURE_SCREEN","ohos.permission.MANAGE_USER_IDM"]},"permissions": {"restricted-permissions": []},"issuer": "pki_internal"}

这样一般就可以安装了

Install 的包名问题
我们 OpenHarmony 主干拷贝出来的 application 的包名一定会和板子上运行的原程序同名的，这样安装时也会提示报错，这种时候，我们需要修改"bundleName": “com.ohos.settings”, 以及 sign 文件里的对应的名字。大概是两个文件：

product\phone\build\default\intermediates\merge_profile\default\module.json

            "bundleName": "com.ohos.settings", //改成新名字如newsetting

build-profile.json5

            "signingConfigs": [{"name": "default","material": {"certpath": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.ohos\\config\\openharmony\\auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.settings.cer", //使用上面新名字替换com.ohos.settings"storePassword": "0000001BC6E86D64AD786A77BBF86702F23E6DD32E016E263D961DBCD4710340CD6EAC6B2A4A43A53DDFA0","keyAlias": "debugKey","keyPassword": "0000001B9CB15173695726ED3460368DEEC246A602353461BBD9321C77513130E462B2BEB9F39DB201E92A","profile": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.ohos\\config\\openharmony\\auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.settings.p7b","signAlg": "SHA256withECDSA","storeFile": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.ohos\\config\\openharmony\\auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.settings.p12"}}]