Android Emulator 构建和启动-编程知识

Android Emulator 构建和启动

AVD 的创建和启动

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编译模拟器

下载Android源码

参考文章
Android AOSP 下载和编译

source ./build/envsetup.sh编译x86-64,userdebug版本
lunch sdk_phone_x86_64-userdebug编译arm64,userdebug版本
lunch sdk_phone_arm64-userdebugmake -j32编译sdk
make -j32 sdk sdk_repo会在 aosp-master/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/sdk_phone_x86 下创建两个文件：sdk-repo-linux-system-images-eng.[username].ziprepo-sys-img.xml

启动模拟器

安装JDK17
下载command-tools

https://developer.android.com/studio?hl=zh-cn#command-tools

下载上述基本的 Android 命令行工具。使用随附的 sdkmanager 下载其他 SDK 软件包。

创建sdk文件夹，移动cmdline-tools到sdk目录

cmdline-tools 目录中，创建一个名为 latest 的子目录。将原始 cmdline-tools 目录内容（包括 lib 目录、bin 目录、NOTICE.txt 文件和 source.properties 文件）移动到新创建的 latest 目录中

设置环境变量 /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/tools/jdk-17.0.1/export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATHexport CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/libexport ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/tools/sdk/export ANDROID_HOME=/tools/sdk/export PATH=$ANDROID_HOME/emulator/:$PATHexport PATH=$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools/:$PATHexport PATH=$ANDROID_HOME/cmdline-tools/latest/bin/:$PATH

安装必要的工具

sdkmanager "platform-tools" 
sdkmanager "emulator"
sdkmanager "system-images;android-26;default;x86_64"
sdkmanager "platforms;android-26"

组合下载使用空格隔开

sdkmanager "platform-tools" "emulator" "system-images;android-26;default;x86_64" "platforms;android-26"

创建模拟器

avdmanager create avd -n android26 -k "system-images;android-26;default;x86_64"

检查环境

检查是否安装vm-linux
emulator -accel-check
INFO    | Storing crashdata in: /tmp/android-root/emu-crash-34.1.20.db, detection is enabled for process: 2623
accel:
8
/dev/kvm is not found: VT disabled in BIOS or KVM kernel module not loaded
accelegrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
输出为 1 或更大意味着支持虚拟化。输出 0 表示您的 CPU 不支持硬件虚拟化。kvm-ok
Expected output:
INFO: /dev/kvm exists
KVM acceleration can be usedInstall KVM on Linux
sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils

VM加速有以下限制：
您无法在另一个虚拟机（例如由 VirtualBox、VMWare 或 Docker 托管的虚拟机）内运行虚拟机加速模拟器。您必须直接在主机上运行 VM 加速模拟器。
根据您的操作系统和虚拟机管理程序，您可能无法在运行 VM 加速模拟器的同时运行使用其他虚拟化技术的软件。此类软件的示例包括但不限于虚拟机解决方案、某些防病毒程序和一些反作弊解决方案。这种情况主要发生在关闭 Hyper-V 的 Windows 上。大多数此类软件可以与android模拟器共存，没有任何问题。但当发生冲突时，建议不要同时运行VM加速模拟器和此类软件。

如果要在容器中开启kvm，需要在创建容器的时候加 –privileged 参数启动容器，这样容器将拥有更多的权限，包括访问宿主机的硬件虚拟化功能

docker run --privileged -it your_image_name

启动模拟器

emulator -avd android26 -no-window 后台启动nohup emulator -avd android26 -no-window &

自定义的模拟器启动

编译的模拟器路径：
out/host/linux-x86/sdk/sdk_phone_x86_64/android-sdk_eng.root_linux-x86/system-images/android-8.1.0/x86_64sdk路径
将编译好的模拟器镜像复制到sdk/system-images，路径sdk/system-images/android-26/default/x86_64_2将自动创建模拟器生成的 package.xml，复制到此文件夹修改package.xml路径January 16, 2019</license><localPackage path="system-images;android-26;default;x86_64_2"，保存后创建模拟器avdmanager create avd -n android26_2 -k "system-images;android-26;default;x86_64_2"

遇到的问题

启动模拟器报错

ProbeKVM: This user doesn't have permissions to use KVM (/dev/kvm).
The KVM line in /etc/group is: [LINE_NOT_FOUND]If the current user has KVM permissions,
the KVM line in /etc/group should end with ":" followed by your username.If we see LINE_NOT_FOUND, the kvm group may need to be created along with permissions:sudo groupadd -r kvm# Then ensure /lib/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules contains something like:# KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"# and then run:sudo gpasswd -a $USER kvmIf we see kvm:... but no username at the end, running the following command may allow KVM access:sudo gpasswd -a $USER kvmYou may need to log out and back in for changes to take effect.ERROR   | x86_64 emulation currently requires hardware acceleration!
CPU acceleration status: This user doesn't have permissions to use KVM (/dev/kvm).
The KVM line in /etc/group is: [LINE_NOT_FOUND]If the current user has KVM permissions,
the KVM line in /etc/group should end with ":" followed by your username.If we see LINE_NOT_FOUND, the kv
More info on configuring VM acceleration on Linux:
https://developer.android.com/studio/run/emulator-acceleration#vm-linux
General information on acceleration:解决方法：
sudo addgroup kvm
sudo usermod -a -G kvm secneo 
sudo chown secneo -R /dev/kvm

编译模拟器报错

error: ro.build.fingerprint cannot exceed 91 bytes: Android/mini_emulator_x86/mini-emulator-x86:5.0.555/AOSP/username02280306:userdebug/test-keys (97)
make: *** [out/target/product/mini-emulator-x86/system/build.prop] Error 1
make: *** Deleting file `out/target/product/mini-emulator-x86/system/build.prop'
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
error: static_assert failed "Size mismatch."解决方法：
build/tools/post_process_props.py. Change lines as follows
PROP_NAME_MAX = 31
# PROP_VALUE_MAX = 91
PROP_VALUE_MAX = 128bionic/libc/include/sys/system_properties.h. Change lines as follows:
#define PROP_NAME_MAX   32
// #define PROP_VALUE_MAX  92
#define PROP_VALUE_MAX  128system/bt/osi/include/properties.h
#define PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX 128
//#define PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX 92frameworks/native/cmds/installd/installd_deps.h
// constexpr size_t kPropertyValueMax = 92u;
constexpr size_t kPropertyValueMax = 128u;make clean
make