在接触接口测试过程中补了很多课,
终于有点领悟接口测试的根本;
偶是个实用派~,那么现实中没有用的东西,基本上我都不会有很大的概念;
下面给的是接口测试的统一大步骤,其实就是让我们对接口测试有一个整体的概念,我们要做或学习接口测试,应该从那些地方着手,也就是告诉你,百度搜索了半天接口测试之后,我还是没有概念,那怎么办呢,那么下面这些步骤就是,你需要把接口测试拆开来了解的步骤;
如第一步,百度之后,要研究什么是resful,怎么个增删改查;
这些步骤都可以拆开来,反复实践,等把这些步骤都拆开来,实践完了,你的接口测试也就通透了,通杀所有接口测试
接口测试:Http类,webservice类 其实大同小异
找一个你自己的项目,没人做过接口测试的也可以,这样你可以自己想明白 怎么测,而不是用别人的思想,思想。。。最重要,可是没有思路到有思路的路程并不长,只是你要开始做这个事情,相信我,会很快,你发现自己确实很聪明~~~~~~
声明:我的这些东西之所以能入门,主要归功于乙醇大神的接口测试概念和冯xx朋友的不吝赐教以及网络上的各种散碎思想;
第一步: 先要明白你要测什么? 本质就是增,删,改,查。(学名叫 resful);
第二步:先用网上推荐的工具来感觉一下(比如:postman, 比如:SoapUI)
第三步:get, post, put, delete 大概怎么个用法,比如传参(比如 json串),怎么看结果(这些确实需要你有些技术基础的,比如 端口,返回值,编码类型)
第四步:那么,那么,我们学了语言,那就来用用吧(一定要拿写好的接口例子来看看,要不然,你不知道用这个语言的什么包或什么函数来帮我们获取到URl的数据等...)
第五步:那么我们加入框架吧(Unittest),这样和前面你的老版本,自创的那一版对比一下,会感触~~,然后明白为什么用框架, 实践确实是个有意思的事情;
第六步:把你的那些参数放入数据库,或者excel等等 实现数据驱动;倒腾吧
第七步:优化你的代码,反复反复倒腾 重构,你应该在通往 python高手的路上了
第八步:当然如果你会Java但是并不会用它写接口测试,那么把这些用例变成Java吧
第九步:那么你还能干嘛,还多着呢,思考:你现在这个接口是否只测试了A接口,那么B接口能测试吗? 比如C调用A接口,那么C是一个接口呢? 是吗~~ 你能分辨出来吗,把它弄清楚,如果不是接口,或者它是什么,能测试吗,怎么测试?
第十步:自己做一个假的接口(Moco):最好和你现在的项目结合的,比如开发正在开发的(和开发沟通);自己测试
第十一步:自己写一个接口(可以先按照之前开发开发好的接口,照葫芦画瓢一个,那也要画,必须画,谁叫你是做测试的,知己知彼呀~),先简单,后复杂,主要倒腾清楚原理就行,反正你也不做开发(当然如果你想做开发,那去做开发吧,别在这浪费时间);自己测试
第十二步: 开始倒腾 测试第二个接口,这次你直接从第六步开始就行(代码优美可不是一天炼成的)
如果你倒腾的很细的话,本人认为倒腾三个接口应该很够了,最后一定记得拿你这个知识到市场去卖钱哟;科技是第一生产力~~
其实,其实 有了这个基础 应该倒腾自动化的其他就不难了
第一版 unittest 框架源码
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1 # Lawsuit_interface_unittest.py
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2 # coding:utf-8
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3
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4 import json
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5 import unittest
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6 from suds.client import Client
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7
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8
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9 class Lawsuit_interface_testing(unittest.TestCase):
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10
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11 def setUp(self):
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12 self.url = "http://.....:8080/sys/webservice/sysNotifyTodoWebService?wsdl"
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13 self.client = Client(self.url) #
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14
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15 def tearDown(self):
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16 pass
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17
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18 def test_getTodo(self):
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19
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20 notify_TodoGetContext = self.client.factory.create(
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21 'notifyTodoGetContext')
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22 notify_TodoGetContext.otherCond = ""
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23 notify_TodoGetContext.pageNo = 1
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24 notify_TodoGetContext.rowSize = 3
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25 notify_TodoGetContext.targets = json.dumps(
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26 {"LoginName": "xiaoming"})
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27 notify_TodoGetContext.type = 1
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28 notify_TodoAppResult = self.client.service.getTodo(
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29 notify_TodoGetContext)
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30 returnState = notify_TodoAppResult.returnState
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31 self.assertEqual(returnState, 2)
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32
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33 def test_sendTodo(self):
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34
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35 notify_TodoSendContext = self.client.factory.create(
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36 'notifyTodoSendContext')
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37 notify_TodoSendContext.appName = "Lawsuit"
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38 notify_TodoSendContext.createTime = "2015-11-27 15:32:39"
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39 notify_TodoSendContext.key = ''
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40 notify_TodoSendContext.link = 'http://wwww.baidu.com'
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41 notify_TodoSendContext.subject = 'Lawsuit_testing'
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42 notify_TodoSendContext.modelId = '123456789'
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43 notify_TodoSendContext.modelName = "Lawsuit"
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44 notify_TodoSendContext.targets = json.dumps(
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45 {"LoginName": "xiaoming"})
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46 notify_TodoSendContext.type = 1
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47 notify_TodoAppResult = self.client.service.sendTodo(
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48 notify_TodoSendContext)
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49 returnState = notify_TodoAppResult.returnState
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50 self.assertEqual(returnState, 2)
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51
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52 def test_deleteTodo(self):
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53
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54 notify_TodoRemoveContext = self.client.factory.create(
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55 'notifyTodoRemoveContext')
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56 notify_TodoRemoveContext.appName = "Lawsuit"
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57 notify_TodoRemoveContext.modelId = '123456789'
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58 notify_TodoRemoveContext.key = ''
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59 notify_TodoRemoveContext.modelName = "Lawsuit"
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60 notify_TodoRemoveContext.optType = 1
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61 notify_TodoRemoveContext.targets = json.dumps(
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62 {"LoginName": "xiaoming"})
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63 notify_TodoAppResult = self.client.service.deleteTodo(
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64 notify_TodoRemoveContext)
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65 returnState = notify_TodoAppResult.returnState
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66 self.assertEqual(returnState, 2)
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67
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68 def test_setTodoDone(self):
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69
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70 notify_TodoRemoveContext = self.client.factory.create(
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71 'notifyTodoRemoveContext')
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72 notify_TodoRemoveContext.appName = "Lawsuit"
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73 notify_TodoRemoveContext.modelId = '123456789'
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74 notify_TodoRemoveContext.key = ''
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75 notify_TodoRemoveContext.modelName = "Lawsuit_testing"
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76 notify_TodoRemoveContext.optType = 1
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77 notify_TodoRemoveContext.targets = json.dumps(
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78 {"LoginName": "xiaoming"})
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79 notify_TodoAppResult = self.client.service.setTodoDone(
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80 notify_TodoRemoveContext)
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81 returnState = notify_TodoAppResult.returnState
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82 self.assertEqual(returnState, 2)
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83
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84
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85 if __name__ == '__main__':
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86 unittest.main()
第二版 使用excel 数据驱动
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1 # Lawsuit_interface_unittest_excel_v1.1.py
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2 # coding:utf-8
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3
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4 import unittest
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5 import json
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6 import xlrd
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7 from suds.client import Client
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8 import time
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9 import sys
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10
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11
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12 class Lawsuit_interface_testing(unittest.TestCase):
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13
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14 def setUp(self):
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15 self.url ='http:// xx?wsdl'
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16 self.client = Client(self.url)
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17 self.xlsfile = r'lawsuit_casedata.xlsx'
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18 self.excel_data(self.xlsfile)
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19
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20 def tearDown(self):
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21 pass
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22
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23 def test_getToDO(self):
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24
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25 self.Cannot_find_file(self.xlsfile)
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26
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27 notify_TodoGetContext = self.client.factory.create(
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28 'notifyTodoGetContext')
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29 notify_TodoGetContext.pageNo = self.pageNo_value
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30 notify_TodoGetContext.rowSize = self.rowSize_value
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31 # another way to json
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32 # notify_TodoGetContext.targets = "{ \"LoginName\": \"xiaoming\" }"
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33 notify_TodoGetContext.targets = self.targets_value
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34 notify_TodoGetContext.type = self.ptype_value
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35
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36 notify_TodoAppResult = self.client.service.getTodo(
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37 notify_TodoGetContext)
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38 returnState = notify_TodoAppResult.returnState
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39
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40 print returnState
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41 self.assertEqual(returnState, 2)
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42
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43 def test_sendTodo(self):
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44 self.Cannot_find_file(self.xlsfile)
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45
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46 notify_TodoSendContext = self.client.factory.create(
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47 'notifyTodoSendContext')
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48 notify_TodoSendContext.appName = self.appName_value
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49 notify_TodoSendContext.createTime = self.creatime_value
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50 # notify_TodoSendContext.key = ''
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51 notify_TodoSendContext.link = self.link_value
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52 notify_TodoSendContext.subject = self.subject_value
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53 notify_TodoSendContext.modelId = self.modelId_value
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54 notify_TodoSendContext.modelName = self.modelName_value
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55 notify_TodoSendContext.targets = self.targets_value
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56 notify_TodoSendContext.type = self.ptype_value
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57 notify_TodoAppResult = self.client.service.sendTodo(
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58 notify_TodoSendContext)
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59 returnState = notify_TodoAppResult.returnState
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60 self.assertEqual(returnState, 2)
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61
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62 def test_deleteTodo(self):
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63 self.Cannot_find_file(self.xlsfile)
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64
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65 notify_TodoRemoveContext = self.client.factory.create(
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66 'notifyTodoRemoveContext')
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67 notify_TodoRemoveContext.appName = self.appName_value
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68 notify_TodoRemoveContext.modelId = self.modelId_value
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69 # notify_TodoRemoveContext.key = ''
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70 notify_TodoRemoveContext.modelName = self.modelName_value
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71 notify_TodoRemoveContext.optType = self.optType_value
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72 notify_TodoRemoveContext.targets = self.targets_value
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73 notify_TodoAppResult = self.client.service.deleteTodo(
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74 notify_TodoRemoveContext)
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75 returnState = notify_TodoAppResult.returnState
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76 self.assertEqual(returnState, 2)
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77
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78 def test_setTodoDone(self):
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79 self.Cannot_find_file(self.xlsfile)
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80
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81 notify_TodoRemoveContext = self.client.factory.create(
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82 'notifyTodoRemoveContext')
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83 notify_TodoRemoveContext.appName = self.appName_value
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84 notify_TodoRemoveContext.modelId = self.modelId_value
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85 # notify_TodoRemoveContext.key = ''
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86 notify_TodoRemoveContext.modelName = self.modelName_value
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87 notify_TodoRemoveContext.optType = self.optType_value
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88 notify_TodoRemoveContext.targets = self.targets_value
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89 notify_TodoAppResult = self.client.service.setTodoDone(
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90 notify_TodoRemoveContext)
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91 returnState = notify_TodoAppResult.returnState
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92 self.assertEqual(returnState, 2)
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93
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94 def excel_data(self, xlsfile):
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95
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96 self.Cannot_find_file(self.xlsfile)
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97 book = xlrd.open_workbook(xlsfile)
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98 api_sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
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99 nrows = api_sheet.nrows
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100 for i in range(1, nrows):
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101 caseID = api_sheet.cell(i, 0)
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102 appName = api_sheet.cell(i, 1)
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103 creatime = time.strftime(
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104 time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X', time.localtime(time.time())))
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105 link = api_sheet.cell(i, 3)
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106 subject = api_sheet.cell(i, 4)
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107 modelId = api_sheet.cell(i, 5)
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108 modelName = api_sheet.cell(i, 6)
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109 targets = api_sheet.cell(i, 7)
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110 ptype = api_sheet.cell(i, 8)
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111 pageNo = api_sheet.cell(i, 9)
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112 rowSize = api_sheet.cell(i, 10)
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113 optType = api_sheet.cell(i, 11)
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114 # returnstatue = api_sheet.cell(i, 12)
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115 # message = api_sheet.cell(i, 13)
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116 if api_sheet.cell(i, 0).ctype != 0:
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117 # caseID_value=str(int(caseID.value))
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118 self.appName_value = appName.value
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119 self.creatime_value=creatime
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120 self.link_value = link.value
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121 self.subject_value = subject.value
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122 self.modelId_value = modelId.value
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123 self.modelName_value = modelName.value
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124 # print type(targets)
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125 self.targets_value = targets.value
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126 # print type(targets.value)
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127 self.ptype_value = int(ptype.value)
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128 self.pageNo_value = int(pageNo.value)
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129 self.rowSize_value = int(rowSize.value)
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130 self.optType_value = int(optType.value)
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131
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132 # returnstatue_value=returnstatue.value
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133 # message_value=message.value
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134 else:
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135 return 0
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136 # data1=
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137
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138 # return data1
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139
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140 # exception
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141
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142 def Cannot_find_file(self, xlsfile):
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143 try:
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144 foo = open(self.xlsfile)
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145 except EnvironmentError as err:
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146 print "Unable to open file:{}".format(err)
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147 sys.exit(1)
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148
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149
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150 if __name__ == '__main__':
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151 unittest.main()
总结:
感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人!!!
作为一位过来人也是希望大家少走一些弯路,如果你不想再体验一次学习时找不到资料,没人解答问题,坚持几天便放弃的感受的话,在这里我给大家分享一些自动化测试的学习资源,希望能给你前进的路上带来帮助。
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