OSPF---综合实验-编程知识

1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；
6、全网可达；

1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；

①配置IP地址

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]q

[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.2 24
[R2-LoopBack0]q

[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24
[R3]int s 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24

[R3]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24
[R3-LoopBack0]q

R4---ISP

[ISP]int s 4/0/0
[ISP-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24
[ISP-Serial4/0/0]int s 3/0/0
[ISP-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24
[ISP-Serial3/0/0]int s 4/0/1
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24

[ISP]int l0
[ISP-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24
[ISP-LoopBack0]q

[R5]int s 4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24

[R6]int s 4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24
[R6-LoopBack0]q

[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24
[R7-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.5 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24
[R8-LoopBack0]q

[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24
[R9-LoopBack0]q

R10

[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24
[R10-LoopBack0]q

R11

[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24
[R11-LoopBack0]q

R12

[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.12 24
[R12-LoopBack0]int l1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.12 24
[R12-LoopBack1]q

②使区域area0的公网全通

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4

[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

测试

③实现私网通，使用ospf宣告

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]ar 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q

[R3]ospf 1 r
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q

R4接口全是公网网段，因此不用宣告

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]ar 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q

[R8]ospf 1 r
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255

[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]ar 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0

R11

[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]ar 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q

R12的G0/0/0接口使用ospf宣告，其他是rip协议宣告

[R12]ospf 1 r
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0
[R12-ospf-1]q
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]ver 2
[R12-rip-1]undo summary
[R12-rip-1]net 172.16.0.0

在R12上引入rip协议路由

[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip

R10是不规则区域，在R9和R10上使用ospf2

[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 192.168.129.1 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 192.168.130.0 0.0.0.0

R10

[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-2]a 4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255

每个区域查看一下

2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；

[R3]int t 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

[R5]int tu 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.7 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

进入相应ospf协议区域宣告隧道地址

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]ar 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R5]ospf
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]

[R6]ospf
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]

[R7]ospf
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]

解决建邻问题---隧道是点到点的，不会选举DR/BDR，更改网络中tunnel接口类型为广播

[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

取消其他分支站点的选取资格，保证中心站点是整个广播网络中唯一的DR

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

查看一下

R9上进行路由引入，使区域4与其他区域能互相学习到

[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]i
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R9-ospf-1]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1

查看R10的路由表

3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP

4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；

在边界路由器（ABR）上做Easy-ip

[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]q
[R3]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]q
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]q
[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]q
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；

①减少LSA的更新量---做路由聚合

ABR聚合和ASBR聚合---只能优化骨干区域

ABR聚合

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0

[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

ASBR聚合

R12

[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0

totally stub（完全末梢区域），totally NSSA区域（完全非纯末梢区域）----可以优化非骨干区域

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]ar 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]ar 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]ar 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q

R11

[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

R12

[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]

查看一下每个区域

在R9上给R10下发缺省

[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

测试R10能ping通其他环回口了

②加快收敛--更改hello时间

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer h
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R3-ospf-1]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[ISP]int s4/0/0
[ISP-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[ISP-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s3/0/0
[ISP-Serial3/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ospf ti he 5

[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ospf ti he 5

[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf ti he 5

[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf ti he 5
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf ti he 5

[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf ti he 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf ti he 5

[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf ti he 5
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf ti he 5

R10

[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf ti he 5

R11

[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf ti he 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf ti he 5

R12

[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf ti he 5

查看一下

③保证更新安全---做区域验证

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[ISP]ospf
[ISP-ospf-1]a 0
[ISP-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R5]ospf
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R6]ospf
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R7]ospf
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R8]ospf
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

[R9]ospf
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
[R9-ospf-1]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]area 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

R10

[R10]ospf
[R10-ospf-1]ospf 2
[R10-ospf-2]a 4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

R11

[R11]ospf
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

R12

[R12]ospf
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

6、全网可达；

测试一下