李沐57_长短期记忆网络LSTM——自学笔记-编程知识

李沐57_长短期记忆网络LSTM——自学笔记

LSTM

1.忘记门：将值朝着0减少

2.输入门：决定不是忽略掉输入数据

3.输出门：决定是不是使用隐状态

!pip install --upgrade d2l==0.17.5  #d2l需要更新

首先加载时光机器数据集。

import torch
from torch import nn
from d2l import torch as d2lbatch_size, num_steps = 32, 35
train_iter, vocab = d2l.load_data_time_machine(batch_size, num_steps)

Downloading ../data/timemachine.txt from http://d2l-data.s3-accelerate.amazonaws.com/timemachine.txt...

初始化模型参数：超参数num_hiddens定义隐藏单元的数量。我们按照标准差0.01的高斯分布初始化权重，并将偏置项设为0。

def get_lstm_params(vocab_size, num_hiddens, device):num_inputs = num_outputs = vocab_sizedef normal(shape):return torch.randn(size=shape, device=device)*0.01def three():return (normal((num_inputs, num_hiddens)),normal((num_hiddens, num_hiddens)),torch.zeros(num_hiddens, device=device))W_xi, W_hi, b_i = three()  # 输入门参数W_xf, W_hf, b_f = three()  # 遗忘门参数W_xo, W_ho, b_o = three()  # 输出门参数W_xc, W_hc, b_c = three()  # 候选记忆元参数# 输出层参数W_hq = normal((num_hiddens, num_outputs))b_q = torch.zeros(num_outputs, device=device)# 附加梯度params = [W_xi, W_hi, b_i, W_xf, W_hf, b_f, W_xo, W_ho, b_o, W_xc, W_hc,b_c, W_hq, b_q]for param in params:param.requires_grad_(True)return params

定义模型：长短期记忆网络的隐状态需要返回一个额外的记忆元，单元的值为0，形状为（批量大小，隐藏单元数）。

def init_lstm_state(batch_size, num_hiddens, device):return (torch.zeros((batch_size, num_hiddens), device=device),torch.zeros((batch_size, num_hiddens), device=device))

实际模型的定义与我们前面讨论的一样：提供三个门和一个额外的记忆元。

def lstm(inputs, state, params):[W_xi, W_hi, b_i, W_xf, W_hf, b_f, W_xo, W_ho, b_o, W_xc, W_hc, b_c,W_hq, b_q] = params(H, C) = stateoutputs = []for X in inputs:I = torch.sigmoid((X @ W_xi) + (H @ W_hi) + b_i)F = torch.sigmoid((X @ W_xf) + (H @ W_hf) + b_f)O = torch.sigmoid((X @ W_xo) + (H @ W_ho) + b_o)C_tilda = torch.tanh((X @ W_xc) + (H @ W_hc) + b_c)C = F * C + I * C_tildaH = O * torch.tanh(C)Y = (H @ W_hq) + b_qoutputs.append(Y)return torch.cat(outputs, dim=0), (H, C)

训练和预测：引入的RNNModelScratch类来训练一个长短期记忆网络

vocab_size, num_hiddens, device = len(vocab), 256, d2l.try_gpu()
num_epochs, lr = 500, 1
model = d2l.RNNModelScratch(len(vocab), num_hiddens, device, get_lstm_params,init_lstm_state, lstm)
d2l.train_ch8(model, train_iter, vocab, lr, num_epochs, device)

perplexity 1.3, 28797.1 tokens/sec on cuda:0
time traveller abt whther werl wechat said al somick and the a s
traveller whthe graid that ore seellon twatere whree time s

在这里插入图片描述

简洁实现

num_inputs = vocab_size
lstm_layer = nn.LSTM(num_inputs, num_hiddens)
model = d2l.RNNModel(lstm_layer, len(vocab))
model = model.to(device)
d2l.train_ch8(model, train_iter, vocab, lr, num_epochs, device)

perplexity 1.0, 319759.1 tokens/sec on cuda:0
time traveller for so it will be convenient to speak of himwas e
travelleryou can show black is white by argument said filby

在这里插入图片描述