如何在已经安装好的PostgreSQL14中安装uuid 扩展-编程知识

当前环境

PG14.8 +LINUX 8.8

存在问题：

         开发人员问，PG中，支持生成UUID吗，具体是什么，答，类似这个函数  uuid_generate_v4()
         看了一下， select uuid_generate_v4();会报错，找不到该函数
         原来postgresql 14 默认是没有该功能，但是可以通过扩展uuid-ossp来实现

解决办法

由于PG是通过源码安装的，
源码中已经有这个源码包了，不需要到处去找
位置在：
/postgresql/soft/postgresql-14.8/contrib/uuid-ossp

1.检查是否已安装扩展uuid-ossp

2.检查是否有可用安装的扩展UUID-OSSP

--查看当前可用的扩展

postgres=# select * from pg_available_extensions;

      name       | default_version | installed_version |                               comment

--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------

plpgsql          | 1.0          | 1.0             | PL/pgSQL procedural language

plperl          | 1.0          |                | PL/Perl procedural language

plperlu          | 1.0          |                | PL/PerlU untrusted procedural language

plpython2u       | 1.0          |                | PL/Python2U untrusted procedural language

plpythonu       | 1.0          |                | PL/PythonU untrusted procedural language

adminpack       | 2.1          |                | administrative functions for PostgreSQL

amcheck          | 1.3          |                | functions for verifying relation integrity

bloom             | 1.0          |                | bloom access method - signature file based index

btree_gin       | 1.3          |                | support for indexing common datatypes in GIN

btree_gist       | 1.6          |                | support for indexing common datatypes in GiST

citext          | 1.6          |                | data type for case-insensitive character strings

cube             | 1.5          |                | data type for multidimensional cubes

dblink          | 1.2          |                | connect to other PostgreSQL databases from within a database

dict_int          | 1.0          |                | text search dictionary template for integers

dict_xsyn       | 1.0          |                | text search dictionary template for extended synonym processing

earthdistance    | 1.1          |                | calculate great-circle distances on the surface of the Earth

file_fdw          | 1.0          |                | foreign-data wrapper for flat file access

fuzzystrmatch    | 1.1          |                | determine similarities and distance between strings

hstore          | 1.8          |                | data type for storing sets of (key, value) pairs

intagg          | 1.1          |                | integer aggregator and enumerator (obsolete)

intarray          | 1.5          |                | functions, operators, and index support for 1-D arrays of integers

isn             | 1.2          |                | data types for international product numbering standards

lo                | 1.1          |                | Large Object maintenance

ltree             | 1.2          |                | data type for hierarchical tree-like structures

old_snapshot    | 1.0          |                | utilities in support of old_snapshot_threshold

pageinspect       | 1.9          |                | inspect the contents of database pages at a low level

pg_buffercache    | 1.3          |                | examine the shared buffer cache

pg_freespacemap | 1.2          |                | examine the free space map (FSM)

seg             | 1.4          |                | data type for representing line segments or floating-point intervals

pg_prewarm       | 1.2          |                | prewarm relation data

pg_stat_statements | 1.9          |                | track planning and execution statistics of all SQL statements executed

pg_surgery       | 1.0          |                | extension to perform surgery on a damaged relation

pg_trgm          | 1.6          |                | text similarity measurement and index searching based on trigrams

pgcrypto          | 1.3          |                | cryptographic functions

pgrowlocks       | 1.2          |                | show row-level locking information

pgstattuple       | 1.5          |                | show tuple-level statistics

pg_visibility    | 1.2          |                | examine the visibility map (VM) and page-level visibility info

postgres_fdw    | 1.1          |                | foreign-data wrapper for remote PostgreSQL servers

autoinc          | 1.0          |                | functions for autoincrementing fields

insert_username | 1.0          |                | functions for tracking who changed a table

moddatetime       | 1.0          |                | functions for tracking last modification time

refint          | 1.0          |                | functions for implementing referential integrity (obsolete)

tablefunc       | 1.0          |                | functions that manipulate whole tables, including crosstab

tcn             | 1.0          |                | Triggered change notifications

tsm_system_rows | 1.0          |                | TABLESAMPLE method which accepts number of rows as a limit

tsm_system_time | 1.0          |                | TABLESAMPLE method which accepts time in milliseconds as a limit

unaccent          | 1.1          |                | text search dictionary that removes accents

sslinfo          | 1.2          |                | information about SSL certificates

xml2             | 1.1          |                | XPath querying and XSLT

bool_plperlu    | 1.0          |                | transform between bool and plperlu

bool_plperl       | 1.0          |                | transform between bool and plperl

hstore_plperl    | 1.0          |                | transform between hstore and plperl

hstore_plperlu    | 1.0          |                | transform between hstore and plperlu

jsonb_plperlu    | 1.0          |                | transform between jsonb and plperlu

jsonb_plperl    | 1.0          |                | transform between jsonb and plperl

hstore_plpythonu | 1.0          |                | transform between hstore and plpythonu

hstore_plpython2u  | 1.0          |                | transform between hstore and plpython2u

hstore_plpython3u  | 1.0          |                | transform between hstore and plpython3u

jsonb_plpythonu | 1.0          |                | transform between jsonb and plpythonu

jsonb_plpython2u | 1.0          |                | transform between jsonb and plpython2u

jsonb_plpython3u | 1.0          |                | transform between jsonb and plpython3u

ltree_plpythonu | 1.0          |                | transform between ltree and plpythonu

ltree_plpython2u | 1.0          |                | transform between ltree and plpython2u

ltree_plpython3u | 1.0          |                | transform between ltree and plpython3u

(64 rows)

可以看到postgres目前并没有可用的uuid-ossp扩展。
此时，直接创建uuid-ossp会报错，如：

postgres=# create extension "uuid-ossp";
ERROR: could not open extension control file "/postgres/pg14/share/extension/uuid-ossp.control": No such file or directory
postgres=#

注意：
要用双引号将uuid-ossp引起来，因为有个中划线“-”。

3.PG安装UUID选项

注意：以ROOT用户去编译

su - root

cd /postgresql/soft/postgresql-14.8/
./configure --prefix=/postgresql/pg14 --with-uuid=ossp #prefix 安装目录

该操作只是在已安装完PG后，把uuid-ossp编译安装进了PG，不影响现有库。

4.源码编译UUID

#进入扩展目录
# cd /postgresql/soft/postgresql-14.8/contrib/uuid-ossp

#编译安装
# make && make install

5.配置UUID的软链接

--这里需要创建软连接，否则，后面创建扩展，会报错：找不到 /postgresql/pg14/lib/libuuid.so.16

# find / -name libuuid.so.16

/postgresql/soft/uuid/uuid-1.6.2/.libs/libuuid.so.16

# ln -s /postgresql/soft/uuid/uuid-1.6.2/.libs/libuuid.so.16 /postgresql/pg14/lib/

6.创建扩展

查看可用扩展
postgres=# select * from pg_available_extensions;
...
uuid-ossp | 1.1 | | generate universally unique identifiers

可以看到已经有扩展uuid-ossp了。下面可以创建了。

创建扩展
postgres=# create extension "uuid-ossp";
CREATE EXTENSION

7.使用UUID

安装扩展成功以后，就可以使用函数uuid_generate_v4()来生产uuid了。

postgres=# select uuid_generate_v4();
uuid_generate_v4
--------------------------------------
9ef673d2-3652-455c-8b6e-c634165f514b

(1 row)

可以看到，已经安装好了

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cqsztech/article/details/138426614