使用C#爬取快手作者主页，并下载视频/图集

news/2024/11/15 17:29:19/文章来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/hupo376787/p/18378511

最近发现一些快手的作者，作品还不错，出于学习研究的目的，决定看一下怎么爬取数据。现在网上有一些爬虫工具，不过大部分都失效了，或者不开源。于是自己就写了一个小工具。先看一下成果：

软件只需要填写作者uid以及网页版的请求Cookie，即可实现自动下载，下载目录在程序根目录下的Download文件夹。
由于快手的风控比较厉害，软件也做了应对措施。不过需要用户点击软件中的提示文字，复制粘贴到浏览器，把请求的json保存到本地文件。使用软件提供的解析本地json按钮解析下载即可。如果返回的json文件很短或者没有数据，需要在快手的任意一个页面刷新一下，也就是告诉快手风控，现在是正常浏览，没有机器人的行为。

下面说一下构建整个App的思路。

1. 快手网页端准备

打开https://live.kuaishou.com/ ，在顶部搜索你要爬取的作者昵称，进入作者主页。也可以从App端分享作者的主页链接，粘贴进来。作者主页加载完成后，地址栏的地址一定要是类似：https://live.kuaishou.com/profile/xxxxxx。后面的xxxxxx就是作者的user id。这个记住，复制出来，后面会用到。
按F12打开浏览器的开发者工具（我之前就说过开发者工具是好东西，研究爬虫必备，一定要好好学习）。
选择开发者工具顶部的“网络”，“全部”，如图所示。在请求列表中找到user id，点击它，右面就会出来请求的标头。里面有个Cookie，需要记住，复制出来。如果没有的话，记得刷新页面。
在列表里面可以看到很多请求，我们需要从中找到网页端展示作品列表的那条请求，即public开头的，或者直接在左上角搜索public，即可过滤绝大部分无关请求。这个请求的响应数据里面有作者作品的完整json响应。

你可以右击它，在新标签页面打开，打开后地址栏会显示完成的浏览器请求地址。这个网址需要记住，后续会用到。那个count默认是12或者20，我们用到时候，直接拉满，9999即可。

2. Postman拦截请求，模拟请求，并生成C#请求代码

安装postman interceptor拦截器，安装地址https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/postman-interceptor/aicmkgpgakddgnaphhhpliifpcfhicfo 不得不说，这又是一个神器，搭配开发者工具，理论上可以搞定几乎所有的爬虫需求了。
打开Postman，点击右下角的Start Proxy，

开启拦截后，重新回到网页版作者主页，刷新一下页面，等页面加载完成后，点击停止拦截。否则列表会一直增多，因为他会拦截电脑的所有网络请求。这时Postman拦截器就会拦截到一大堆请求，同理，找到public请求，或者在左上角输入public，即可过滤出来我们需要的。

点击这个请求链接

这是Postman会打开一个新的窗口，包含了请求这个链接的所有参数以及标头信息。

点击Postman最右面的代码工具即可生成我们需要的代码。你可以选择C#、python、js、curl等等。

3. 使用WPF写界面以及下载逻辑

新建WPF工程，为了界面好看，这次我用了开源的WPF UI，之前用过HandyControl、MicaWPF，这些都是不错的UI控件库。
下载使用了开源的Downloader，请求使用了RestSharp，解析Json使用NewtonsoftJson，另外推荐一个免费的图标库FlatIcon。
界面如下：

点击查看代码

<ui:FluentWindowx:Class="KuaishouDownloader.MainWindow"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"xmlns:local="clr-namespace:KuaishouDownloader"xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"xmlns:ui="http://schemas.lepo.co/wpfui/2022/xaml"Title="MainWindow"Width="900"Height="760"ExtendsContentIntoTitleBar="True"WindowBackdropType="Mica"WindowCornerPreference="Default"WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen"mc:Ignorable="d"><Grid><Grid.RowDefinitions><RowDefinition Height="Auto" /><RowDefinition Height="*" /></Grid.RowDefinitions><ui:TitleBar Title="快手作者主页作品爬取" Height="32" /><ui:Buttonx:Name="themeButton"Grid.Row="1"Width="32"Height="32"Margin="0,0,8,0"Padding="0"HorizontalAlignment="Right"VerticalAlignment="Top"Click="Theme_Click"CornerRadius="16"FontSize="24"Icon="{ui:SymbolIcon WeatherMoon48}"ToolTip="切换主题" /><ui:SnackbarPresenterx:Name="snackbarPresenter"Grid.Row="1"VerticalAlignment="Bottom" /><StackPanelGrid.Row="1"HorizontalAlignment="Center"VerticalAlignment="Center"><BorderWidth="200"Height="200"HorizontalAlignment="Center"CornerRadius="100"><ui:Imagex:Name="imgHeader"Width="200"Height="200"CornerRadius="100" /></Border><ui:TextBlockx:Name="tbNickName"Margin="0,12,0,0"HorizontalAlignment="Center" /><StackPanel Margin="0,12,0,0" Orientation="Horizontal"><ui:TextBlockWidth="60"Margin="0,12,0,0"VerticalAlignment="Center"Text="uid" /><ui:TextBoxx:Name="tbUid"Width="660"Height="36"VerticalContentAlignment="Center"ToolTip="App进入作者主页，分享主页-复制链接，用浏览器打开链接，地址栏一般变为https://www.kuaishou.com/profile/xxxxxx/开头的，复制xxxxxx过来" /></StackPanel><StackPanel Margin="0,12,0,0" Orientation="Horizontal"><ui:TextBlockWidth="60"VerticalAlignment="Center"Text="cookie" /><ui:TextBoxx:Name="tbCookie"Width="660"Height="36"VerticalContentAlignment="Center"ToolTip="利用浏览器开发者工具，从网络-请求标头中获取" /></StackPanel><StackPanelMargin="0,12,0,0"HorizontalAlignment="Center"Orientation="Horizontal"><ui:Buttonx:Name="btnDownload"Height="32"Appearance="Primary"Click="Download_Click"Content="开始下载"CornerRadius="4 0 0 4"ToolTip="默认下载到程序根目录下，文件日期为作品发布日期" /><ui:Buttonx:Name="btnParseJson"Height="32"Appearance="Primary"Click="ParseJson_Click"Content="..."CornerRadius="0 4 4 0"ToolTip="解析从web或者postman保存的json数据" /></StackPanel><TextBlockWidth="700"Margin="0,12,0,0"Foreground="Gray"MouseDown="CopyUrl"Text="被快手风控不要慌，浏览器打开快手网页版，扫码登陆，点击我复制网址，粘贴到浏览器打开。打开后如果有很长很长的json数据返回，就对了。复制json保存到本地json文件，然后用第二个按钮解析json数据即可下载。"TextWrapping="Wrap" /><Expander Margin="0,12,0,0" Header="更多选项"><StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"><CheckBoxx:Name="cbAddDate"Margin="12,0,0,0"VerticalAlignment="Center"Content="文件名前加上日期"IsChecked="True"ToolTip="文件名前面加上类似2024-01-02 13-00-00的标识，方便排序" /><CheckBoxx:Name="cbLongInterval"Margin="12,0,0,0"VerticalAlignment="Center"Content="增加作品下载延时"IsChecked="True"ToolTip="默认勾选，作品间下载延时5~10秒。取消勾选1~5秒随机，可能被风控" /></StackPanel></Expander></StackPanel><StackPanelGrid.Row="1"Margin="0,0,0,-2"VerticalAlignment="Bottom"><TextBlock x:Name="tbProgress" HorizontalAlignment="Center" /><ProgressBar x:Name="progress" Height="8" /></StackPanel><ui:Buttonx:Name="infoButton"Grid.Row="1"Width="32"Height="32"Margin="0,0,8,8"Padding="0"HorizontalAlignment="Right"VerticalAlignment="Bottom"Click="Info_Click"CornerRadius="16"FontSize="24"Icon="{ui:SymbolIcon Info28}"ToolTip="鸣谢" /><ui:Flyoutx:Name="flyout"Grid.Row="1"HorizontalAlignment="Right"><ui:TextBlock Text="鸣谢: &#xA;1. Microsoft Presentation Foundation&#xA;2. WPF-UI&#xA;3. RestSharp&#xA;4. Newtonsoft.Json&#xA;5. Downloader&#xA;6. Icon from FlatIcon" /></ui:Flyout></Grid>
</ui:FluentWindow>

后台逻辑没有使用MVVM，就是图方便。

点击查看代码

using KuaishouDownloader.Models;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using RestSharp;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Windows;
using Wpf.Ui;
using Wpf.Ui.Controls;namespace KuaishouDownloader
{/// <summary>/// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml/// </summary>public partial class MainWindow{string downloadFolder = AppContext.BaseDirectory;SnackbarService? snackbarService = null;public MainWindow(){InitializeComponent();this.Loaded += MainWindow_Loaded;}private void MainWindow_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){snackbarService = new SnackbarService();snackbarService.SetSnackbarPresenter(snackbarPresenter);if (File.Exists("AppConfig.json")){var model = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<AppConfig>(File.ReadAllText("AppConfig.json"));if (model != null){tbUid.Text = model.Uid;tbCookie.Text = model.Cookie;}}}private void Theme_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){if (Wpf.Ui.Appearance.ApplicationThemeManager.GetAppTheme() == Wpf.Ui.Appearance.ApplicationTheme.Light){themeButton.Icon = new SymbolIcon(SymbolRegular.WeatherSunny48);Wpf.Ui.Appearance.ApplicationThemeManager.Apply(Wpf.Ui.Appearance.ApplicationTheme.Dark);}else{themeButton.Icon = new SymbolIcon(SymbolRegular.WeatherMoon48);Wpf.Ui.Appearance.ApplicationThemeManager.Apply(Wpf.Ui.Appearance.ApplicationTheme.Light);}}private async void Download_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){try{btnDownload.IsEnabled = false;btnParseJson.IsEnabled = false;if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(tbUid.Text) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(tbCookie.Text)){snackbarService?.Show("提示", $"请输入uid以及cookie", ControlAppearance.Caution, null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));return;}var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new AppConfig() { Uid = tbUid.Text, Cookie = tbCookie.Text }, Formatting.Indented);File.WriteAllText("AppConfig.json", json);var options = new RestClientOptions("https://live.kuaishou.com"){Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15),UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",};var client = new RestClient(options);var request = new RestRequest($"/live_api/profile/public?count=9999&pcursor=&principalId={tbUid.Text}&hasMore=true", Method.Get);request.AddHeader("host", "live.kuaishou.com");request.AddHeader("connection", "keep-alive");request.AddHeader("cache-control", "max-age=0");request.AddHeader("sec-ch-ua", "\"Not)A;Brand\";v=\"99\", \"Google Chrome\";v=\"127\", \"Chromium\";v=\"127\"");request.AddHeader("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0");request.AddHeader("sec-ch-ua-platform", "\"Windows\"");request.AddHeader("upgrade-insecure-requests", "1");request.AddHeader("accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7");request.AddHeader("sec-fetch-site", "none");request.AddHeader("sec-fetch-mode", "navigate");request.AddHeader("sec-fetch-user", "?1");request.AddHeader("sec-fetch-dest", "document");request.AddHeader("accept-encoding", "gzip, deflate, br, zstd");request.AddHeader("accept-language", "zh,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8");request.AddHeader("cookie", tbCookie.Text);request.AddHeader("x-postman-captr", "9467712");RestResponse response = await client.ExecuteAsync(request);Debug.WriteLine(response.Content);var model = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<KuaishouModel>(response.Content!);if (model == null || model?.Data?.List == null || model?.Data?.List?.Count == 0){snackbarService?.Show("提示", $"获取失败，可能触发了快手的风控机制，请等一段时间再试。", ControlAppearance.Danger, null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));return;}await Download(model!);}finally{btnDownload.IsEnabled = true;btnParseJson.IsEnabled = true;}}private async void ParseJson_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){try{btnDownload.IsEnabled = false;btnParseJson.IsEnabled = false;var dialog = new Microsoft.Win32.OpenFileDialog();dialog.Filter = "Json文件(.Json)|*.json";bool? result = dialog.ShowDialog();if (result == false){return;}var model = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<KuaishouModel>(File.ReadAllText(dialog.FileName)!);if (model == null || model?.Data?.List == null || model?.Data?.List?.Count == 0){snackbarService?.Show("提示", $"不是正确的json", ControlAppearance.Caution, null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));return;}await Download(model!);}finally{btnDownload.IsEnabled = true;btnParseJson.IsEnabled = true;}}private async Task Download(KuaishouModel model){progress.Value = 0;progress.Minimum = 0;progress.Maximum = (double)model?.Data?.List?.Count!;snackbarService?.Show("提示", $"解析到{model?.Data?.List?.Count!}个作品，开始下载", ControlAppearance.Success, null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));imgHeader.Source = new System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapImage(new Uri(model?.Data?.List?[0]?.Author?.Avatar!));tbNickName.Text = model?.Data?.List?[0]?.Author?.Name;string pattern = @"\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2}/\d{2}";for (int i = 0; i < model?.Data?.List!.Count; i++){DateTime dateTime = DateTime.Now;string fileNamePrefix = "";var item = model?.Data?.List[i]!;Match match = Regex.Match(item.Poster!, pattern);if (match.Success){dateTime = new DateTime(int.Parse(match.Value.Split("/")[0]), int.Parse(match.Value.Split("/")[1]),int.Parse(match.Value.Split("/")[2]), int.Parse(match.Value.Split("/")[3]), 0, 0);if (cbAddDate.IsChecked == true)fileNamePrefix = match.Value.Split("/")[0] + "-" + match.Value.Split("/")[1] + "-" + match.Value.Split("/")[2]+ " " + match.Value.Split("/")[3] + "-00-00 ";}downloadFolder = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Download", item?.Author?.Name! + "(" + item?.Author?.Id! + ")");Directory.CreateDirectory(downloadFolder);switch (item?.WorkType){case "single":case "vertical":case "multiple":{await DownLoadHelper.Download(item?.ImgUrls!, dateTime, downloadFolder, fileNamePrefix);}break;case "video":{await DownLoadHelper.Download(new List<string>() { item?.PlayUrl! }, dateTime, downloadFolder, fileNamePrefix);}break;}progress.Value = i + 1;tbProgress.Text = $"{i + 1} / {model?.Data?.List!.Count}";Random random = new Random();if (cbLongInterval.IsChecked == true)await Task.Delay(random.Next(5000, 10000));elseawait Task.Delay(random.Next(1000, 5000));}snackbarService?.Show("提示", $"下载完成，共下载{model?.Data?.List!.Count}个作品", ControlAppearance.Success, null, TimeSpan.FromDays(1));}private void CopyUrl(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseButtonEventArgs e){if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(tbUid.Text)){snackbarService?.Show("提示", "请输入uid以及cookie", ControlAppearance.Caution, null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));return;}Clipboard.SetText($"https://live.kuaishou.com/live_api/profile/public?count=9999&pcursor=&principalId={tbUid.Text}&hasMore=true");snackbarService?.Show("提示", "复制完成，请粘贴到浏览器打开", ControlAppearance.Success, null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));}private void Info_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){flyout.IsOpen = true;}}
}

下载类，下载完文件后，将文件的日志修改为发表日志，方便排序以及数据分析。

点击查看代码

public static async Task Download(List<string> urls, DateTime dateTime, string downloadFolder, string fileNamePrefix)
{string file = string.Empty;try{var downloader = new DownloadService();foreach (var url in urls){Uri uri = new Uri(url);file = downloadFolder + "\\" + fileNamePrefix + Path.GetFileName(uri.LocalPath);if (!File.Exists(file))await downloader.DownloadFileTaskAsync(url, file);//修改文件日期时间为发博的时间File.SetCreationTime(file, dateTime);File.SetLastWriteTime(file, dateTime);File.SetLastAccessTime(file, dateTime);}}catch{Debug.WriteLine(file);Trace.Listeners.Add(new TextWriterTraceListener(downloadFolder + "\\_FailedFiles.txt", "myListener"));Trace.TraceInformation(file);Trace.Flush();}
}