1.FM的模拟调制过程
FM信号是一种频率调制信号,其携带的信息保存在其信号的频率中,通过改变载波的频率来实现基带数据的传输。
其函数表达式如下:
\[s(t) = A*cos(w_c*t + K_f*\int m(\tau) d\tau)
\]
其中:
A
:表示载波幅度。
\(m(\tau)\):表示基带信号。
\(w_c\):表示载波信号角度增量。
\(K_f\):是调频灵敏度。
正交调制法公式如下:
\[\begin{array}{3} I(t) = cos(K_f*\int m(\tau) d\tau) \\Q(t) = sin(K_f*\int m(\tau) d\tau) \\s(t) = A*(I(t)*cos(w_c*t) - Q(t)*sin(w_c*t))
\end{array}
\]
2.FM的数字正交解调
原理:
对于I路:
\[I(n) = cos(K_f*\int m(\tau) d\tau) = cos(K_f*\sum m(n))
\]
对于Q路:
\[Q(n) = sin(K_f*\int m(\tau) d\tau) = sin(K_f*\sum m(n))
\]
同时:
\[\begin{array}{c}
\frac{Q(n)}{I(n)} = \frac{sin(K_f*\sum m(n))}{cos(K_f*\sum m(n))} = tan(K_f*\sum m(n)) \space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space\space
(K_f*\sum m(n)) \in [-\pi/2\space\space\space\space\pi/2] \\
SUM(n) = arctan(\frac{Q(n)}{I(n)}) = K_f*\sum m(n) \\
M(n) = SUM(n) - SUM(n-1) = K_f* m(n)
\end{array}\]
注:上式推算中使用了tan
函数,其中tan
的输入范围\([-\pi/2\space\space\space\space\pi/2]\)。当范围超过将计算错误。所以将使用MATLAB的atan2
函数进行计算。
\[\begin{array}{c}
SUM(n) = atan2(Q(n),I(n)) = K_f*\sum m(n) \\
M(n) = SUM(n) - SUM(n-1) = K_f* m(n)
\end{array}
\]
3.MATLAB仿真
仿真代码:
fs = 20000;%采样率
l = 1E3;%基带信号点数
f = 100;%基带信号
f_c = 2000;%载波信号
t = 0:1/fs:(l-1)/fs;
mt = cos(2*pi*f*t);
kf = fs * 0.4;
%% IQ信号
I = cos(kf*cumtrapz(t,mt));
Q = sin(kf*cumtrapz(t,mt));
%% 调制数据
mod_data = I.*cos(2*pi*f_c*t) - Q.*sin(2*pi*f_c*t);
%% 解调
mmm = atan2(Q,I);
demod = zeros(1,length(mmm));
for i = 2:1:length(demod)demod(i) = mmm(i) - mmm(i-1);if(demod(i) >= pi)demod(i) = demod(i) - pi*2; elseif(demod(i) <= -pi)demod(i) = demod(i) + pi*2; else demod(i) = demod(i); end
end%% 保存IQ数据FPGA使用仿真
fid = fopen('FM.txt','w');
for i = 1:lfprintf(fid,'%d %d\n',floor(I(i)* (2^13)),floor(Q(i)* (2^13)));
end
fclose(fid);%% 绘制
figure
time = 3;
subplot(time,1,1);
plot(mt);
title('基带数据');subplot(time,1,2);
plot(mod_data);
title('调制数据');subplot(time,1,3);
plot(demod);
title('解调数据');
结果:
4.FPGA解调
逻辑代码:
module fm_demod(input clk ,input rst ,//解调参数input i_valid ,input [15:0] i_data_i ,input [15:0] i_data_q ,output reg o_rdy ,output reg [15:0] o_data );wire fm_valid ;wire [23:0] fm_i ;wire [23:0] fm_q ;wire fm_rdy ;wire [47 : 0] m_axis_dout_tdata ;wire [15:0] fm_phase ; //AM 解调assign fm_valid = i_valid ;assign fm_i = {{8{i_data_i[15]}},i_data_i} ;assign fm_q = {{8{i_data_q[15]}},i_data_q} ; cordic_translate cordic_translate (.aclk (clk ), // input wire aclk.s_axis_cartesian_tvalid (fm_valid ), // input wire s_axis_cartesian_tvalid.s_axis_cartesian_tdata ({fm_i,fm_q} ), // input wire [47 : 0] s_axis_cartesian_tdata.m_axis_dout_tvalid (fm_rdy ), // output wire m_axis_dout_tvalid.m_axis_dout_tdata (m_axis_dout_tdata ) // output wire [47 : 0] m_axis_dout_tdata);reg [15:0] fm_phase_d;assign fm_phase = m_axis_dout_tdata[24 +:16];always @(posedge clk)beginif(rst)begino_rdy <= 0;o_data <= 0;o_data <= 0;endelse begino_rdy <= fm_rdy;fm_phase_d <= fm_phase[15:0];o_data <= fm_phase[15:0] - fm_phase_d;endendendmodule
仿真代码:
module tb_fm_demod();reg clk;reg rst;initial beginclk <= 0;rst <= 1;#300rst <= 0;endalways #(100/2) clk <=~clk;reg valid;reg [15:0] din_i;reg [15:0] din_q;wire o_rdy ;wire [15:0] o_data ;fm_demod fm_demod(.clk (clk),.rst (rst),.i_valid (valid),.i_data_i (din_i),.i_data_q (din_q),.o_rdy (o_rdy ),.o_data (o_data ));integer file_rd; //定义数据读指针integer flag;initial begin //打开读取和写入的文件,这里的路径要对 file_rd = $fopen("FM.txt","r");end reg [15:0] cnt;always @(posedge clk)beginif(rst)begindin_i <= 0;din_q <= 0;cnt <= 0;valid <= 0;endelse if(cnt <= 1000)beginvalid <= 1;flag = $fscanf(file_rd,"%d %d",din_i,din_q);cnt <= cnt + 1;endelse begin$fclose(file_rd);$stop();endend
endmodule
仿真结果: