elasticsearch 学习笔记之二 常见接口

news/2024/12/5 13:25:25/文章来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/sandyflower/p/18581066

一、索引操作类

1、创建索引（PUT /索引名称）

PUT /my-index-000001

请求body

{"settings": {"index": {"number_of_shards": 3,   //创建3个主片"number_of_replicas": 2   //每个主片都会有两个副本
    }}
}

 

未指定mapping的情况下，使用默认的

2、删除索引（DELETE  /索引） （会删除索引的数据及其配置）   DELETE /iotrm_event_event_acs* 表示删除 iotrm_event_event_acs 开头的索引

注意：使用 Delete Index API 是不可逆的操作，一旦执行，索引及其所有数据都将被永久删除

 http://10.19.214.13:9200/data_iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030403_2024-10-29?pretty     --- 删除索引data_iotrm_event_event_acs$0x00030403_2024-10-29

3、修改索引

 

 4、查看某个索引下的文档数据总量（GET /索引名称/_count）

http://10.19.223.119:9200/iotrm_event_cl2event_2024-10-29/_count

{"count": 155701,"_shards": {"total": 3,"successful": 3,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0}
}

5、查看所有索引信息（GET _cat/indices?v&format）  --- 包括数据量、占用大小

http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cat/indices?v

 

列说明：

  • pri:主片数量
  • rep:副本数量
  • store.size:总共存储大小（主片+副本）
  • pri.store.size：主片大小

6、查看某个索引信息（GET _cat/indices/索引名称?v&format） --- 包括数据量、占用大小

http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cat/indices/iotrm_event_cl2telemeter_2024-09-20?v
query参数：bytes="b", format="json"

 

7、关闭所有索引（POST /*/_close）  --- 关闭某个索引 将*替换成具体的索引名称即可，多个明确的索引要关闭的话可以使用逗号隔开

http://10.19.214.13:9200/*/_close

8、打开所有索引（POST /*/_open）  --- 打开某个索引 将*替换成具体的索引名称即可，多个明确的索引要打开的话可以使用逗号隔开

http://10.19.214.13:9200/*/_open

9、查看一个索引数据实际分布到各个节点机器的不同分片的情况（GET /_cat/shards/索引名称）

http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cat/shards/iotrm_event_event_towercrane$0x00054001_2024-10-29?v

 

图上可以看到这个索引副本都没有创建

10、查看一个索引定义信息，包括 aliases、mappings、settings（GET /索引名称）

http://10.19.223.119:9200/iotrm_event_temperaturetelemeter_2024-10-29

{"iotrm_event_temperaturetelemeter_2024-10-29": {"aliases": {},"mappings": {"properties": {"IOTProtocolType": {"type": "long"},"basic": {"properties": {"IOTProtocolType": {"type": "long"},"UUID": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"channelIndexCode": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"dateTime": {"type": "date"},"domain": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"eventType": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"imageServerCode": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"indexCode": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"ipV4Address": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"ipV6Address": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"localIndex": {"type": "long"},"macAddress": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"resourceCategory": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"sendTime": {"type": "date"}}},"dataType": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"eventType": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"targetAttrs": {"properties": {"cameraIndexCode": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"customCategory": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"deviceCategory": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"deviceIndexCode": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"deviceName": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"deviceType": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"extendDeviceCode": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"modelId": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"orgPath": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"tenantId": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}}}},"telemeter": {"properties": {"tag": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"test": {"type": "long"},"value": {"type": "float"}}}}},"settings": {"index": {"routing": {"allocation": {"include": {"_tier_preference": "data_content"}}},"number_of_shards": "3","provided_name": "iotrm_event_temperaturetelemeter_2024-10-29","creation_date": "1730365148113","number_of_replicas": "1","uuid": "XAQiTzvoTwGDYi2DMGeRJA","version": {"created": "7100299"}}}}
}

 

 

 

11、查看某个索引的 primary 存储信息（GET /索引名称/_stats/store）

http://10.19.223.119:9200/iotrm_event_event_towercrane%240x00054001_2024-10-29/_stats/store

{"_shards": {"total": 6,"successful": 3,"failed": 0},"_all": {"primaries": {"store": {"size_in_bytes": 13069189,"reserved_in_bytes": 0}},"total": {"store": {"size_in_bytes": 13069189,"reserved_in_bytes": 0}}},"indices": {"iotrm_event_event_towercrane$0x00054001_2024-10-29": {"uuid": "LUuow0N6TCOEvIDnYu1eUQ","primaries": {"store": {"size_in_bytes": 13069189,"reserved_in_bytes": 0}},"total": {"store": {"size_in_bytes": 13069189,"reserved_in_bytes": 0}}}}
}

 

12、查看指定索引的统计信息（GET /索引名称/_stats）

http://10.19.223.119:9200/iotrm_event_event_towercrane%240x00054001_2024-10-29/_stats

{"_shards": {"total": 6,"successful": 3,"failed": 0},"_all": {"primaries": {"docs": {"count": 36927,"deleted": 5767},"store": {"size_in_bytes": 13069189,"reserved_in_bytes": 0},"indexing": {"index_total": 0,"index_time_in_millis": 0,"index_current": 0,"index_failed": 0,"delete_total": 1444,"delete_time_in_millis": 98,"delete_current": 0,"noop_update_total": 0,"is_throttled": false,"throttle_time_in_millis": 0},"get": {"total": 0,"time_in_millis": 0,"exists_total": 0,"exists_time_in_millis": 0,"missing_total": 0,"missing_time_in_millis": 0,"current": 0},"search": {"open_contexts": 0,"query_total": 1328,"query_time_in_millis": 1884,"query_current": 0,"fetch_total": 6,"fetch_time_in_millis": 131,"fetch_current": 0,"scroll_total": 3,"scroll_time_in_millis": 1412,"scroll_current": 0,"suggest_total": 0,"suggest_time_in_millis": 0,"suggest_current": 0},"merges": {"current": 0,"current_docs": 0,"current_size_in_bytes": 0,"total": 0,"total_time_in_millis": 0,"total_docs": 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}

 

二、数据操作类

   数据在索引下称之为文档，以下也称之为文档

1、查询某个索引下的所有文档数据（GET /索引/_search）

localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty

 

 

 

2、查询某个索引下的某个文档ID对应的数据（GET /索引/_doc/文档ID/ ）

http://10.19.214.13:9200/索引/_doc/文档ID

3、修改指定索引下的某个文档（POST 根据文档ID找到对应文档进行修改）

http://10.19.214.13:9200/索引/_doc/文档ID/_update

 

Postman 调用接口更改数据

通过  http://10.19.214.13:9200/data_iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030403_2024-10-29/_doc/oxcqTJMBXFMQjG9sdTdP/  接口 查看该文档对应的数据

4、删除指定索引下的某个文档（DELETE /索引/_doc/文档ID）

 http://10.19.214.13:9200/data_iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030403_2024-10-29/_doc/SBcoTJMBXFMQjG9sdTZM/

 

 再次根据这个文档ID 查看是否已经被删除

5、某个索引下新增一个文档（POST/索引/_doc/docID）

http://10.19.214.13:9200/data_iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030403_2024-10-29/_doc/1   在索引 data_iotrm_event_event_acs$0x00030403_2024-10-29 下创建一个ID为1的文档数据

查看新增的数据

6、删除指定索引下的所有文档（POST /索引/_delete_by_query?pretty）当索引为* 表示删除所有索引下的所有文档数据

request body

{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

示例

 elastic head 通过谷歌浏览器已经连接上es，可以看到目标索引下的信息

可以看到索引“iotrm_event_event_acs$0x00030403_2024-10-29” 下有36700个文档

当下通过API将删除该索引下的所有数据

打开 Postman 输入 http://10.19.214.13:9200/iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030403_2024-10-29/_delete_by_query?pretty    （注意：iotrm_event_event_acs$240x00030403_2024-10-29 索引ID，由于其中含有$，需要将这个字符变成%24 ）

request body

{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

由上图可知删除了 36700 条数据

刷新 elastichead 可以看到该索引下的数据

 8、统计文档总数（GET _cat/indices）

curl -u elastic:elasticsearch_422 http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cat/indices |awk 'BEGIN{total=0}{total+=$7}END{print total}'

三、快照仓库操作类

1、仓库操作类

1）查看当前所有的仓库（GET _snapshot）

  http://10.19.214.13:9200/_snapshot

2）注册仓库（PUT _snapshot）

{"type": "fs","settings": {"location": "/opt/es/backup/iotrm"}
}

如果location 的地址在 es 的配置文件 elasticsearch.yml 中没有配置，那么会报下面这个错误

[iotrm] location [/opt/es/backup/iotrm] doesn't match any of the locations specified by path.repo

配置

  • elasticsearch.yml 中仓库配置如下：
path.repo: /opt/xx/web/xx/elasticsearch.1/data/backup,/opt/es/backup/iotrm

多个仓库地址用逗号隔开

  • 每个仓库地址必须和elasticsearch 启动用户是同一个，如es 启动账号是 es ，分组也是 es，则 这里 /opt/es/backup/iotrm 需要属于es，可以通过命令 chown -R es:es /opt/es/backup  设置
  • 重启es服务

如果不将仓库地址设置成 es 启动用户一致，则注册仓库会报如下错误

注册

注册成功的返回信息如下：

3）删除已经注册的快照仓库（DELETE /_snapshot/仓库名称）

 

4）审查快照仓库并删除未被快照引用的过时数据（POST /_snapshot/仓库名称/_cleanup）

 

5）手动校验快照仓库是否可用（POST _snapshot/仓库名称/_verify）

 

2、快照操作类

1）查看某个仓库下所有快照（GET _snapshot/仓库名称/*）

http://10.19.223.119:9200/_snapshot/iotrm/*

2）在某个仓库下创建快照（PUT _snapshot/仓库名/快照名称?wait_for_completion=true）

http://10.19.223.119:9200/_snapshot/iotrm/%3Ciotrm-%7Bnow%7ByyyyMMddHHmmss%7D%7D%3E?wait_for_completion=true    快照名称可以配置时间格式，%3Ciotrm-%7Bnow%7ByyyyMMddHHmmss%7D%7D%3E 实际是：<iotrm-{now{yyyyMMddHHmmss}}>

请求body

{"include_global_state": false,"indices":["iotrm*"],"metadata": {"taken_by": "wangfang5","taken_because": "iotrm,backup test"}
}

表示将  iotrm 开头的所有索引进行备份

返回内容

    "snapshot": {"snapshot": "iotrm-20241203072538","uuid": "idfOxhbCR961R6o3IiKpKQ","version_id": 7100299,"version": "7.10.2","indices": ["iotrm_xx_2024-09-12","iotrm_xx","iotrm_yy","iotrm_xx$0x00070101_2024-11-30","iotrm_yy_2024-09-12"],"data_streams": [],"include_global_state": false,"metadata": {"taken_by": "wangfang5","taken_because": "iotrm,backup test"},"state": "SUCCESS","start_time": "2024-12-03T07:25:38.909Z","start_time_in_millis": 1733210738909,"end_time": "2024-12-03T07:29:24.148Z","end_time_in_millis": 1733210964148,"duration_in_millis": 225239,"failures": [],"shards": {"total": 5,"failed": 0,"successful": 5}}
}

3）还原某个仓库下的快照（POST _snapshot/仓库名称/快照名称/_restore?wait_for_completion=true）

 http://10.19.214.13:9200/_snapshot/iotrm/iotrm-20241203072538/_restore?wait_for_completion=true

响应内容

{"snapshot": {"snapshot": "iotrm-20241203072538","indices": [
  
            "iotrm_xx_2024-09-12",
            "iotrm_xx","iotrm_yy","iotrm_xx$0x00070101_2024-11-30","iotrm_yy_2024-09-12"
 ], "shards": { "total": 5, "failed": 0, "successful": 5} } }

4) 从某个仓库的某个快照进行还原，但是指定还原的索引（POST _snapshot/仓库名称/快照名称/_restore?wait_for_completion=true）

http://10.19.214.13:9200/_snapshot/total/all-20241203124406/_restore?wait_for_completion=true

 请求body

{"indices": "test_event_illuminancetelemeter"
}

 响应body

{"snapshot": {"snapshot": "all-20241203124406","indices": ["test_event_illuminancetelemeter"],"shards": {"total": 3,"failed": 0,"successful": 3}}
}

5）在某个仓库下删除快照（DELETE /_snapshot/仓库名称/快照名称）

 http://10.19.223.119:9200/_snapshot/es_data_repository/es_data_repository-20241128000000

四、节点操作类

1、查询所有节点的索引搜索信息（GET /_nodes/stats/indices/search）

2、查询节点资源占用情况（GET /_cat/nodes）

http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cat/nodes?format=json

也可以使用参数 v&format 控制输出格式

3、查看版本信息（GET /）

http://10.19.223.119:9200/

还可以通过 elasticsearch 工具查询：elasticsearch --version

五、集群

1、查看集群健康信息（GET /_cluster/health）

http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cluster/health

2、查看某个索引在集群内的分片健康状态（GET _cluster/health/索引名称?level=shards）

http://10.19.214.18:9200/_cluster/health/iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030219_2024-09-12?level=shards

 

{"cluster_name": "hik-ga-es","status": "yellow","timed_out": false,"number_of_nodes": 1,"number_of_data_nodes": 1,"active_primary_shards": 3,"active_shards": 3,"relocating_shards": 0,"initializing_shards": 0,"unassigned_shards": 3,"delayed_unassigned_shards": 0,"number_of_pending_tasks": 0,"number_of_in_flight_fetch": 0,"task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis": 0,"active_shards_percent_as_number": 54.51327433628319,"indices": {"iotrm_event_event_acs$0x00030219_2024-09-12": {"status": "yellow","number_of_shards": 3,    #3个主分片"number_of_replicas": 1,   #1个副本，即每个主片都有一个副本"active_primary_shards": 3,"active_shards": 3,"relocating_shards": 0,"initializing_shards": 0,"unassigned_shards": 3,   #3个分片未分配，这是因为这是单es节点，而该索引创建的时候指明了需要1个副本，因此这里3表示未分配3个副本分片"shards": {"0": {"status": "yellow","primary_active": true,"active_shards": 1,"relocating_shards": 0,"initializing_shards": 0,"unassigned_shards": 1},"1": {"status": "yellow","primary_active": true,"active_shards": 1,"relocating_shards": 0,"initializing_shards": 0,"unassigned_shards": 1},"2": {"status": "yellow","primary_active": true,"active_shards": 1,"relocating_shards": 0,"initializing_shards": 0,"unassigned_shards": 1}}}}
}

 

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