linux初始化布局(Debian 12 bookworm)

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创建工作用户

• 首先创建一个新的用户
  adduser {用户名}
• 将该用户名纳入sudo名单内
  nano /etc/sudoers,并在root下方一行编辑{用户名} ALL=(ALL:ALL)ALL

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换源

1. 换源第一步
   nano /etc/apt/source.list并且将其替换为以下内容

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmwaredeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmwaredeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

2. 换源第二步
   nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources替换为以下内容

Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian
Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates bookworm-backports
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
# Types: deb-src
# URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian
# Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates bookworm-backports
# Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
Types: deb
URIs: https://security.debian.org/debian-security
Suites: bookworm-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg# Types: deb-src
# URIs: https://security.debian.org/debian-security
# Suites: bookworm-security
# Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

注意:先不要更新软件

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安装常用软件

• 切换用户su - {用户名}
• 更新软件列表sudo apt update
• 安装系统必备软件
  sudo apt install net-tools openssh-server sudo curl wget tar unzip zip htop nohup telnet tar iptables pkill [-y]
• 修改ll为ls -al
  cd ~ && echo "alias ll='ls -al'" >> .bashrc
• ssh配置并禁止密码登录

# 服务端
stty -echo
echo "请手动编辑sshd_config文件,修改\n\Port xxxx\nPubkeyAuthentication yes\nPasswordAuthentication no\nPermitRootLogin no"
echo "准备进入文档编辑,等待阅读中...(10秒)"
sleep 10
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
echo "请自行检查是否修改成功"
stty echo

# 客户端
sudo apt install openssh-client -yes
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/ssh_key
ssh-copy-id {服务端用户名}@{服务端IP}

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这样初始化基本就完成了

待完善