1、引用的基本语法
#include <iostream> using namespace std;int main() {int a = 10;//创建引用int& b = a;cout << "a = " << a << endl;cout << "b = " << b << endl;b = 100;cout << "a = " << a << endl;cout << "b = " << b << endl;system("pause");return 0; }
2、引用的注意事项
#include <iostream> using namespace std;int main() {int a = 10;//1、引用必须初始化//int& b; 错,必须初始化int& b = a;//2、引用在初始化后,不可以改变int c = 20;b = c;//赋值操作,而不是更改引用cout << "a = " << a << endl;cout << "b = " << b << endl;cout << "c = " << c << endl;system("pause");return 0; }
3、引用做函数参数
#include <iostream> using namespace std;//交换函数//1、值传递void mySwap01(int a, int b) {int temp = a;a = b;b = temp;/*cout << "swap01 a = " << a << endl;cout << "swap01 b = " << b << endl;*/ }//2、地址传递void mySwap02(int* a,int* b) {int temp = *a;*a = *b;*b = temp;}//3、引用传递void mySwap03(int &a,int &b) {int temp = a;a = b;b = temp;}int main() {int a = 10;int b = 20;//mySwap01(a, b);//值传递,形参不会修饰实参//mySwap02(&a, &b);地址传递,形参会修饰实参mySwap03(a, b);//引用传递,形参会修饰实参cout << "a = " << a << endl;cout << "b = " << b << endl;system("pause");return 0; }
4、引用做函数的返回值
#include <iostream> using namespace std;//引用做函数的返回值 //1、不要返回局部变量的引用 int& test01() {int a = 10;//局部变量存放在四区中的栈区return a; }//2、函数的调用可以作为左值 int& test02() {static int a = 10;//静态变量 存放在全局区,全局区的数据存放在程序结束后系统释放return a; }int main() {//int& ref = test01();//cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;//第一次结果正确,是因为编译器做了保留//cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;//第二次结果错误,是因为a的内存已经释放int& ref2 = test02();cout << "ref2 = " << ref2 << endl;cout << "ref2 = " << ref2 << endl;test02() = 1000;//如果函数的返回值是引用,这个函数调用可以作为左值cout << "ref2 = " << ref2 << endl;cout << "ref2 = " << ref2 << endl;system("pause");return 0; }
5、引用的本质
引用的本质是指针常量
#include <iostream> using namespace std;void func(int& ref) {ref = 100;//red是引用,转化为*ref=100 }int main() {int a = 10;//自动转换成 int* const ref=&a; 指针常量是指针指向不可改变,int& ref = a;ref = 20;//内部发现ref是引用,自动帮我们转换为:*ref=20;cout << "a:" << a << endl;cout << "ref:" << ref << endl;func(a);system("pause");return 0; }
6、常量引用
#include <iostream> using namespace std;//打印数据函数 void showValue(const int& val) {//val = 1000;cout << "val = " << val << endl; }int main() {//常量引用//使用场景:用来修饰形参,防止误操作int a = 100;//int& ref = 10;引用必须引一块合肥的内存空间加上const之后 编译器将代码修改 int temp=10; const int& ref=temp;//const int& ref = 10;//ref = 20;//报错,加入const之后变为只读,不可以修改showValue(a);cout << "a = " << a << endl;system("pause");return 0; }