1、UI自动化用例增加前置

1、fixture（夹具）的使用

前置顾名思义是在执行测试用例之前做的一些事情，在自动化测试时会碰到用例执行前需要做一些前置操作，以及用例执行后需要做一些后置操作，比如登录、退出等，通过pytest fixture可以很方便实现。那么根据上篇文章写的用例，写一个获取浏览器驱动的前置，如下：

@pytest.fixture()
def driver_fixture():driver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.maximize_window()yield drivertime.sleep(5)driver.quit()

将这个前置放在项目目录下的conftest.py文件中，可以实现数据共享，不需要import 导入 conftest.py，pytest用例就会自动查找。对 于一些公共的fixture我们可以将其存放到conftest.py进行管理。

针对上一篇文章，点击登录的操作也是很多用例都要遇到的，那么对这个操作也写一个夹具，如下：

import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from d9_fixture前置后置处理及日志封装.pageobjects.home_page import HomePage
from d9_fixture前置后置处理及日志封装.pageobjects.login_page import LoginPage# 自定义的fixture函数 -- 可以共享使用了,会在每个测试函数运行时都会执行?scope='function'
# session代表的是会话，整个测试用例运行就是一次会话
@pytest.fixture()
def get_driver():print("这是前置")driver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.get("http://mall.banabann.com:3344/")driver.maximize_window()yield driverprint("这是后置")driver.quit()'''
此时，函数的返回值就是driver，因此前置返回就是driver，可以使用夹具替换掉其他文件中的实例化驱动语句
'''# 登录也是前置，因此，登录也可以作为夹具
@pytest.fixture()
def login(get_driver):# 点击首页的登录操作print("这是login的前置")homepage = HomePage(get_driver)homepage.click_login_link()# 在登陆页面进行登录操作loginpage = LoginPage(get_driver)loginpage.login("auto", "123456")yield get_driverprint("这是login的后置")

 注意点：login夹具中，调用了get_driver夹具，那么输出语句执行顺序是：

        1、get_driver的前置

        2、login的前置

        3、login的后置

        4、get_driver的后置

可以参考下图：

2、fixture的作用域

fixture默认的作用域是function（函数）级别的，每次执行测试函数时都会运行fixture前置/后置，如果 想要fixture在全部测试用例执行期间只运行一次，可以设置为session（会话）级别。举例如下：

@pytest.fixture(scope='session')
def driver_fixture():
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
yield driver
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()

2、关于UI自动化用例执行期间，浏览器关闭打开的最优选择

 浏览器在执行期间的打开关闭有2种类型：

        1、执行所有用例，浏览器只打开/关闭一次（可以通过给夹具设定作用域为session实现）

        2、每次执行一条用例，都会有浏览器打开/关闭的操作

那么我们该选择哪一种呢？选择第2种，原因如下：

        1、UI自动化不稳定

        2、前面一个用例失败，导致后面用例接连失败

        3、最好每条用例都可以单独执行-打开/关闭浏览器-可以避免很多问题

2、loguru日志封装

1、日志的级别

        DEBUG 调试

        INFO 一般的提示信息

        WARN 警告

        ERROR 程序已经发生了错误

        CRITICAL ERROR 严重的错误

2、添加日志的写法

from loguru import loggerlogger.add(sink="my.log",encoding="utf8",level="INFO",rotation="1kB",retention=20)

3、实战

主要改动点：

1、在base_page.py中增加异常捕获代码

2、在base_page.py中二次封装点击、获取文本、输入文本的函数

3、给全部用例执行的轨迹增加日志信息

4、增加了login夹具

目录：

 run.py的文件内容：

import pytest
# -s,-v选项可以让pytest执行的日志更加的丰富
pytest.main(['-s','-v'])

conftest.py的内容：

import pytest
from selenium import webdriverfrom d9_fixture前置后置处理及日志封装.pageobjects.home_page import HomePage
from d9_fixture前置后置处理及日志封装.pageobjects.login_page import LoginPage# 自定义的fixture函数 -- 可以共享使用了,会在每个测试函数运行时都会执行?scope='function'
# session代表的是会话，整个测试用例运行就是一次会话
@pytest.fixture()
def get_driver():print("这是前置")driver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.get("http://mall.banbanban.com:3344/")driver.maximize_window()yield driverprint("这是后置")driver.quit()'''
此时，函数的返回值就是driver，因此前置返回就是driver，可以使用夹具替换掉其他文件中的实例化驱动语句
'''# 登录也是前置，因此，登录也可以作为夹具
@pytest.fixture()
def login(get_driver):# 点击首页的登录操作print("这是login的前置")homepage = HomePage(get_driver)homepage.click_login_link()# 在登陆页面进行登录操作loginpage = LoginPage(get_driver)loginpage.login("auto", "123456")yield get_driverprint("这是login的后置")

 base_page.py 文件的内容：

from d9_fixtur.pageobjects.home_page import HomePage
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.my_order_page import MyOrderPage
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.product_detail_page import ProductDetailPage
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.submit_order_page import SubmitOrderPagedef test_submit_order(login):# 登录,点击首页的登录链接home_page = HomePage(login)# 点击商品列表home_page.click_goods_list()# 搜索选择商品home_page.search_select_product("Mac")# 商品详情页product_detail_page = ProductDetailPage(login)product_name = product_detail_page.get_product_name()product_price = product_detail_page.get_product_price()product_detail_page.buy_now()# 提交订单submit_order_page = SubmitOrderPage(login)submit_order_page.submit_order()# 进入我的订单页面home_page.my_order()my_order_page = MyOrderPage(login)# 断言# 1、检查订单商品名称assert my_order_page.get_product_name() == product_name# 2、检查订单商品数量assert my_order_page.get_product_num() == '1'# 3、检查订单商品价格assert my_order_page.get_product_price() == product_price# 4、检查订单的状态assert my_order_page.get_order_status() == '待支付'

home_page.py文件的内容：

import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from d9_fixtur.common.base_page import BasePageclass HomePage(BasePage):# 属性-登录链接login_link_locator = (By.LINK_TEXT,'登录')# 欢迎提示信息welcome_tips_locator = (By.XPATH,'//span[text()="欢迎来到我的世界"]')welcome_tips_text_locator = (By.XPATH,'//span[@class="text"]')# 用户名username_text_locator = (By.XPATH,'//a[@class="link-name"]')# 点击个人中心person_center_locator = (By.XPATH,"//span[text()='个人中心']")# 点击商品列表goods_list_locator = (By.LINK_TEXT,"商品列表")# 搜索框serach_input_locator = (By.XPATH,"//input[@class='search-input']")# 搜索按钮search_button_locator = (By.XPATH,"//input[@value = '搜索']")# 搜索第一个商品first_goods_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[@class='goods-img']")# 我的订单定位my_order_button_locator = (By.XPATH,"//span[@data-route='order']")def click_login_link(self):time.sleep(5)self.click(self.login_link_locator)def is_display_welcome_tips(self):time.sleep(1)return self.wait_element_visible(self.welcome_tips_locator).is_displayed()def get_username_text(self):return self.get_text(self.username_text_locator)# 点击个人中心按钮def click_person_center(self):self.click(self.person_center_locator)# 点击商品列表def click_goods_list(self):self.click(self.goods_list_locator)# 进入我的订单页面def my_order(self):time.sleep(2)self.click(self.my_order_button_locator)# 搜索并选择对应的商品def search_select_product(self,goodname):time.sleep(1)self.input_text(self.serach_input_locator, goodname)self.click(self.search_button_locator)# 选择第一个商品time.sleep(1)self.click(self.first_goods_locator)

login.py文件的内容：

import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from d9_fixture前置后置处理及日志封装.common.base_page import BasePageclass LoginPage(BasePage):# 属性->元素定位信息（元素定位方法+元素定位值）-元组类型phone_input_locator = (By.XPATH, '//input[@placeholder="请输入手机号/用户名"]')pwd_input_locator = (By.XPATH, '//input[@placeholder="请输入密码"]')login_button_locator = (By.CLASS_NAME, 'login-button')login_tips_locator = (By.XPATH,'//p[@class="el-message__content"]')# 用户名输入框错误提示文本user_input_error_tips_locator = (By.XPATH, '//div[contains(@class,"msg-error")]/following-sibling::div[1]')def login(self,phone,pwd):# 因为继承了 basepage类，所以克不用再写driver参数# self.wait_element_visible(self.driver,self.phone_input_locator).send_keys("17728373518")self.input_text(self.phone_input_locator, phone)self.input_text(self.pwd_input_locator, pwd)# 点击登录按钮time.sleep(3)self.click(self.login_button_locator)def get_login_tips(self):# 这里比较文本内容time.sleep(2)return self.get_text(self.login_tips_locator)def get_user_input_error_tips(self):return self.get_text(self.user_input_error_tips_locator)

my_order_page.py文件的内容：

from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
# 我的订单页面
from d9_fixture.common.base_page import BasePageclass MyOrderPage(BasePage):# 最新的一笔订单的商品名goods_name_locator = (By.XPATH,"//a[@class='name']")# 商品数量goods_num_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[@class='goods-number']")# 商品付款总额pay_price_locator = (By.XPATH,"//td[@rowspan='1']/div/div/span")# 订单状态order_status_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[@class='status']/div")def get_product_name(self):return self.get_text(self.goods_name_locator)def get_product_num(self):sleep(2)goods_num = self.get_text(self.goods_num_locator)return goods_num[1:]def get_product_price(self):product_amount = self.get_text(self.pay_price_locator)return product_amount[1:]def get_order_status(self):order_status = self.get_text(self.order_status_locator)return order_status.strip()

 product_detail_page.py文件的内容：

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By# 商品详情页面
from d9_fixture.common.base_page import BasePageclass ProductDetailPage(BasePage):# 商品名product_name_locator = (By.XPATH, "//div[@class='name-box']/div[@class='name']")# 商品价格product_price_locator = (By.XPATH, '//div[@class="price"]')# 添加购物车button_addcart_locator = (By.CLASS_NAME, "add-cart")# 立即购买button_buynow_locator = (By.CLASS_NAME, "buy-now")# 收藏商品button_collect_locator = (By.CLASS_NAME, "collect")def add_cart(self):self.click(self.button_addcart_locator)def buy_now(self):self.click(self.button_buynow_locator)def get_product_name(self):return self.get_text(self.product_name_locator)def get_product_price(self):product_price = self.get_text(self.product_price_locator)# 将换行符号去掉product_price = product_price.replace('\n', '')# 去掉开头的'￥'  ‘￥0.01’return product_price[1:]

 submit_order_page.py文件的内容：

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
# 提交订单页面
from d9_fixture.common.base_page import BasePageclass SubmitOrderPage(BasePage):# 提交订单按钮button_submit_locator = (By.LINK_TEXT, "提交订单")def submit_order(self):self.click(self.button_submit_locator)

user_center_page.py文件的内容：

from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from d9_fixture.common.base_page import BasePageclass PersonCenterPage(BasePage):take_delivery_goods_link_locaotr = (By.LINK_TEXT,"收货地址")add_new_address_locator = (By.LINK_TEXT,"新增收货地址")recipient_name_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[text()='收件人：']/following-sibling::div/input")recipient_phone_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[@class='item'][1]//input[@class='input']")recipient_province_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[@prop='province']//i")click_prodropdown_icon_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[@x-placement='bottom-start']//li[text()='陕西省']")recipient_city_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[@prop='city']//i")click_citydropdown_icon_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[@x-placement='bottom-start']//li[text()='延安市']")recipient_area_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[@prop='area']//i")click_areadropdown_icon_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[@x-placement='bottom-start']//li[text()='黄龙县']")detail_address_locator = (By.XPATH,"//div[text()='详细地址：']/parent::div/div[2]/input")submit_button_locator = (By.LINK_TEXT,"保存收件人信息")add_address_success_tips_locator = (By.CLASS_NAME,"el-message__content")# 将新增地址的所有操作都放在一个函数中def write_detail_address(self,name,phone,province,city,area,detail_address):# 点击收货地址self.click(self.take_delivery_goods_link_locaotr)# 点击新增地址按钮self.click(self.add_new_address_locator)# 填写姓名sleep(2)self.input_text(self.recipient_name_locator, name)# 填写电话号码self.input_text(self.recipient_phone_locator, phone)# 填写省份信息self.click(self.recipient_province_locator)sleep(1)self.click((By.XPATH,f"//div[@x-placement='bottom-start']//li[text()='{province}']"))# 填写城市信息self.click(self.recipient_city_locator)self.click((By.XPATH,f"//div[@x-placement='bottom-start']//li[text()='{city}']"))# 填写区域信息self.click(self.recipient_area_locator)self.click((By.XPATH,f"//div[@x-placement='bottom-start']//li[text()='{area}']"))# 填写详细地址self.input_text(self.detail_address_locator, detail_address)# 点击提交按钮self.click(self.submit_button_locator)# 是否添加地址成功，通过提示来进行断言def add_new_address_tips(self):return self.get_text(self.add_address_success_tips_locator)# 添加手机号码作为断言的函数def is_phone_displayed(self,phone_number):return self.wait_element_visible((By.XPATH,f"//div[text()='{phone_number}']")).is_displayed()

test_add_address.py文件的内容：

from selenium import webdriver
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.home_page import HomePage
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.login_page import LoginPage
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.user_center_page import PersonCenterPagedef test_is_add_address_success(login):home_page = HomePage(login)# 点击个人中心home_page.click_person_center()# 在个人中心页面添加地址user_page = PersonCenterPage(login)# 添加地址user_page.write_detail_address("富贵花","18867894326","","东北市","富贵区","城市花园1号楼1单元101室")assert  user_page.add_new_address_tips() == '添加地址成功'# 添加手机号码断言assert user_page.is_phone_displayed("18867894326")

test_login.py文件的内容：

from time import sleep
import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.home_page import HomePage
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.login_page import LoginPagedef test_login_success(get_driver):# 点击首页的登录操作homepage = HomePage(get_driver)homepage.click_login_link()# 在登陆页面进行登录操作loginpage = LoginPage(get_driver)loginpage.login("uto","123456")# 断言检测测试是否成功（通过预期结果和实际结果的比较）#  检查点：1、欢迎页,如果函数的返回值为True，那么断言之后返回是通过的assert homepage.is_display_welcome_tips()# assert loginpage.get_login_tips() == '账号或者密码不正确'assert homepage.get_username_text() == 'uto'# 对登录结果的断言
def test_login_uncorrect_username(get_driver):homepage = HomePage(get_driver)homepage.click_login_link()# 在登陆页面进行登录操作login_page = LoginPage(get_driver)login_page.login("lemon_auto1", "lemon123456")# 页面登录过程中的提示信息断言sleep(1)assert login_page.get_login_tips() == '账号或密码不正确'login_datas = [{'username':'','password':'123456','tips':'账号为4~16位字母、数字或下划线'},{'username':'11','password':'123456','tips':'账号为4~16位字母、数字或下划线'},{'username':'lem','password':'123456','tips':'账号为4~16位字母、数字或下划线'}]@pytest.mark.parametrize('datas',login_datas)
def test_login_fail(datas,get_driver):# 点击首页的登录链接home_page = HomePage(get_driver)home_page.click_login_link()# 在登录页面进行登录操作login_page = LoginPage(get_driver)login_page.login(datas['username'], datas['password'])# 用户名输入框的提示 - 断言assert login_page.get_user_input_error_tips()== datas['tips']

test_submit_order.py文件的内容：

from d9_fixture.pageobjects.home_page import HomePage
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.my_order_page import MyOrderPage
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.product_detail_page import ProductDetailPage
from d9_fixture.pageobjects.submit_order_page import SubmitOrderPagedef test_submit_order(login):# 登录,点击首页的登录链接home_page = HomePage(login)# 点击商品列表home_page.click_goods_list()# 搜索选择商品home_page.search_select_product("Mac")# 商品详情页product_detail_page = ProductDetailPage(login)product_name = product_detail_page.get_product_name()product_price = product_detail_page.get_product_price()product_detail_page.buy_now()# 提交订单submit_order_page = SubmitOrderPage(login)submit_order_page.submit_order()# 进入我的订单页面home_page.my_order()my_order_page = MyOrderPage(login)# 断言# 1、检查订单商品名称assert my_order_page.get_product_name() == product_name# 2、检查订单商品数量assert my_order_page.get_product_num() == '1'# 3、检查订单商品价格assert my_order_page.get_product_price() == product_price# 4、检查订单的状态assert my_order_page.get_order_status() == '待支付'