BBS项目--登录-编程知识

BBS阶段性测试总要求

django登录报错

Error: [WinError 10013] 以一种访问权限不允许的方式做了一个访问套接字的尝试。

原因分析：出现这种情况在Windows中很常见，就是端口被占用

解决措施：这时我们只需改一下端口便可以了

登录前端页面(HTML)

# 这次页面采用的是bookstrip5：Bootstrap 入门 · Bootstrap v5 中文文档 v5.3 | Bootstrap 中文网 (bootcss.com)

<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>

<style>html,body {height: 100%;}body {display: flex;align-items: center;padding-top: 40px;padding-bottom: 40px;background-color: #f5f5f5;}.form-signin {max-width: 330px;padding: 15px;}.form-, .form-floating:focus-within {z-index: 2;}.form-signin input[type="email"] {margin-bottom: -1px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0;border-bottom-left-radius: 0;}.form-signin input[type="password"] {margin-bottom: 10px;border-top-left-radius: 0;border-top-right-radius: 0;a {color: rgba(1, 4, 12, 0.92);ext-decoration: none;}}
</style>

# body部分：
<body>
<main class="form-signin w-100 m-auto"><div class="text-center"><div class="form-group"><label for="id_avatar"><img class="mb-4 "src="https://tse3-mm.cn.bing.net/th/id/OIP-C.VeJFhbdc95msPtA2RFHHbwAAAA?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain"alt="" height="80px" width="80px" id="id_img1"style="margin-left: 20px"></label><input type="file" id="id_avatar" class="form-control" accept="image/*" style="display: none"><h1 class="h3 mb-3 fw-normal">糖果爱上我</h1></label></div></div><form id="login_form">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-floating"><div class="group-group"><label for="id_username">用户名</label><input type="text" name="username" class="form-control"id="id_username"><span class="pull-right error" style="color: red"> </span></div><div class="form-group"><label for="floatingInput">密码</label><input type="password" name="password" class="form-control"id="id_password"><span class="pull-right error" style="color: red"> </span></div><div class="form-group"><label for="floatingInput">验证码</label><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6"><input type="text" name="code" class="form-control" id="id_code"></div><img src="/get_valid_code/" alt="" class="col-md-6" height="35" id="id_img"></div></div></div></form><div class="w-100 btn btn-lg btn-primary" id="id_submit" style="margin-top: 20px">登录</div><span class="error" style="color: darkred;margin-left: 10px" id="id_error"></span><p style="color: #888888">您还没账号吗?那我们先注册一个吧~ <a href="/register/">滴滴</a></p><p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">* 佳祺今天也要加油鸭</p>
</main>
</body>

验证码功能

# 能够显示验证码图片，随机改变验证码，点击图片就会自己刷新验证码

# 视图层后端，自定义验证码，验证码用session进行保存，方便后面验证是否正确：

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
from .utills import get_random_code, get_random_rgb
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login as auth_login, logout as auth_logout
import random, json
from io import BytesIOdef get_valid_code(request):height = 38width = 300image_tmp = Image.new('RGB', (300, 38), (255, 255, 255))# 把空图片放在了画板上，就可以写字了draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image_tmp)# 加入字体img_font = ImageFont.truetype('./static/font/ss.TTF', 23)# 验证码code_str = get_random_code()print(code_str)# 重要，要保存request.session['code'] = code_strfor i, item in enumerate(code_str):draw.text((30 + i * 50, 3), item, fill=get_random_rgb(), font=img_font)  # (x轴,y轴)，字，字颜色，字体# 增加难度--->在图片上画点for i in range(30):draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=get_random_rgb())# 画弧形x = random.randint(0, width)y = random.randint(0, height)draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=get_random_rgb())# 在图片上划线for i in range(3):x1 = random.randint(0, width)x2 = random.randint(0, height)y1 = random.randint(0, width)y2 = random.randint(0, height)draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=get_random_rgb())# 放在内存中,一旦不用，自动清理内存my_io = BytesIO()image_tmp.save(my_io, 'png')return HttpResponse(my_io.getvalue())

# 讲图片渲染在前端html页面：

<div class="form-group"><label for="floatingInput">验证码</label><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6"><input type="text" name="code" class="form-control" id="id_code"></div><img src="/get_valid_code/" alt="" class="col-md-6" height="35" id="id_img"></div>
</div>

# 设置验证码id，设置点击事件，使点击验证码图片会自己刷新验证码：

<script>$('#id_img').click(function () {// img标签有个特性：只要src变了，就会重新src地址请求拿数据var url = $(this).attr('src') + '?'  // /get_valid_code/???console.log(url)$(this).attr('src', url)})
</script>

图片渲染在前端配置

# 在django中，有两个额外自己建立的文件包:

media：一般存入其他用户上传的图片等等

static：一般用于自身写入的引入样式，图片等等

# 因此，存入的图片，我们想要渲染在前端页面，也需配置成静态文件
# settings.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'# 路由
path('media/<path:path>', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),

ajax提交登录

# 前端把用户提交的数据发送到后端，设置button点击事件，用ajax提交数据：

<script>
$('#id_submit').click(function () {var serialize_data = $('#login_form').serializeArray()console.log(serialize_data)var data = {}var username = $('[name="username"]').val()var password = $('[name="password"]').val()var code = $('[name="code"]').val()var csrfmiddlewaretoken = $('[name="csrfmiddlewaretoken"]').val()data['username'] = usernamedata['password'] = passworddata['code'] = codedata['csrfmiddlewaretoken'] = csrfmiddlewaretokenconsole.log(data)$.ajax({url: '',method: 'post',data: data,success: function (data) {console.log(data)if (data.code == 100) {location.href = data.url} else {$("#id_error").html(data.msg)}}})})
</script>

# 后端拿到前端数据，先对验证码进行对比，然后使用auth模块直接讲用户名和密码与数据库中的进行比较，返回给前端信息，成功便直接跳转到主页面：

def login(request):if request.method == 'GET':return render(request, 'login.html')else:username = request.POST.get('username')password = request.POST.get('password')net_code = request.POST.get('code').lower()#code = request.POST.get('code').lower()  # 会存在bug# 1 校验验证码,取出老验证码，忽略大小写old_code = request.session.get('code').lower()if code == old_code:# 2 去验证用户了---》user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)if user:# 登录成功--->内部写session了auth_login(request, user)return JsonResponse({'code': 100, 'msg': '登录成功', 'url': '/'})else:return JsonResponse({'code': 101, 'msg': '用户名或密码错误'})else:return JsonResponse({'code': 102, 'msg': '验证码错误'})