MySQL8.0 升级-编程知识

将 MySQL8.0.30 升级到 MySQL8.0.32

备份旧数据

root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/data/backup# xtrabackup --backup --user=root --password=123456 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --target-dir=/data/backup/
2024-01-08T16:46:38.987687+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/
2024-01-08T16:46:38.988068+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --backup=1 --user=root --password=* --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --target-dir=/data/backup/
xtrabackup version 8.0.35-30 based on MySQL server 8.0.35 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 6beb4b49)
240108 16:46:39  version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;mysql_socket=/tmp/mysql.sock' as 'root'  (using password: YES).
Failed to connect to MySQL server as DBD::mysql module is not installed at - line 1548.
2024-01-08T16:46:39.050470+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: not set, socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
2024-01-08T16:46:39.058512+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Using server version 8.0.30
2024-01-08T16:46:39.060647+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Executing LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP ...
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064725+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Found tables with row versions due to INSTANT ADD/DROP columns
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064838+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] This feature is not stable and will cause backup corruption.
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064843+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Please check https://docs.percona.com/percona-xtrabackup/8.0/em/instant.html for more details.
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064846+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Tables found:
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064849+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] test/test
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064851+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Please run OPTIMIZE TABLE or ALTER TABLE ALGORITHM=COPY on all listed tables to fix this issue.

可以发现出现 Found tables with row versions due to INSTANT ADD/DROP columns

错误，优化错误提示中提到的表

优化表

mysql> OPTIMIZE table test;
+-----------+----------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table     | Op       | Msg_type | Msg_text                                                          |
+-----------+----------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test.test | optimize | note     | Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead |
| test.test | optimize | status   | OK                                                                |
+-----------+----------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.06 sec)

继续备份

root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/data/backup# xtrabackup --backup --user=root --password=123456 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --target-dir=/data/backup/

MySQL8.0.30配置文件

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#
# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password# datadir=/var/lib/mysql
# socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.socklog-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pidbasedir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server=UTF8MB4

记住 数据目录datadir ,数据库端口为默认端口为 3306

获取新版安装包

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

删除旧版本的安装目录文件

root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local# rm -rf mysql-8.0
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/etc/init.d# cd /etc/init.d/
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/etc/init.d# rm -rf mysql

旧版本的配置文件可以不删除，新版本的可以直接使用旧版的配置文件

解压新版本安装包

root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local# tar xvJf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local# mv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-8.0

新版本初始化

初始化之前要将旧版本的数据目录下的数据文件全部删除，否则初始化失败

进入到新版本bin目录

root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local# mkdri data
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql-8.0
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local# cd mysql-8.0/bin/
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# pwd
/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin

按照旧版本的配置文件初始化

./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/ --initialize

查看临时密码，通过配置文件中的 mysqld 进程日志 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# vim /var/log/mysqld.log

临时密码为 rFf#SqPTw2q/

关闭旧版本数据库

root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::*                    LISTEN      1402/mysqld
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      1402/mysqld
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# kill 1402

启动新版本数据库

进入到/usr/local/mysql-8.0

cp -a /usr/local/mysql-8.0/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

该命令也会自动在/etc/init.d下创建mysql

授权启动

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
service mysql start

登录修改密码

root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.32Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql>
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed
mysql>
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0mysql>
mysql>
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql>

还原旧版本的数据

service mysql stop                  --关闭新版数据库
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/*  --删除新版数据库数据xtrabackup --prepare -uroot -p --target-dir=/data/backup/
xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup/  --旧版数据库还原到新版数据库
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql-8.0

升级数据库验证

升级命令，目标版本大于8.0.16时，启动使用–upgrade=FORCE参数

root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# ./mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/ --upgrade=FORCE &
[1] 1684
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# 2024-01-09T06:03:41.032750Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
2024-01-09T06:03:41.049302Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql-8.0/data

查看

root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.32 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
mysql> use test
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| test           |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
mysql>
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    1 |
|    1 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以查到旧版 test 数据

注意

升级过程前，一定要备份数据，版本的升级方式有所差异

#8.0.16以后的版本
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/path/to/8.0-datadir --upgrade=FORCE &#8.0.16之前的版本
mysql_upgrade -u root -p
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/path/to/8.0-datadir &