创建 SSL证书并应用于WebSocket-编程知识

写在前面

由于上一篇介绍如何使用Fleck创建WebSocket服务器，感觉不够完善，因为生产环境中肯定是需要用到ssl的，而创建或申请ssl证书，相对而言是比较繁琐的事情，特别是本地如果要构建一个使用ssl的测试环境时，就难免要多费一番周折了。

本文介绍了如何创建一个 ssl 证书，用于test.com在本地环境中测试带安全验证的 WebSocket。

1.首先下载并安装 Win64 OpenSSL

建议把安装目录指定为 C:\OpenSSL-Win64\

2.然后创建openssl.cnf 并保存到如下目录：C:\OpenSSL-Win64\

内容如下：

[ req ]
default_bits        = 2048
default_keyfile     = server-key.pem
distinguished_name  = subject
req_extensions      = req_ext
x509_extensions     = x509_ext
string_mask         = utf8only# The Subject DN can be formed using X501 or RFC 4514 (see RFC 4519 for a description).
#   Its sort of a mashup. For example, RFC 4514 does not provide emailAddress.
[ subject ]
countryName         = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default     = USstateOrProvinceName     = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = NYlocalityName            = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default        = New YorkorganizationName         = Organization Name (eg, company)
organizationName_default    = Example, LLC# Use a friendly name here because its presented to the user. The server's DNS
#   names are placed in Subject Alternate Names. Plus, DNS names here is deprecated
#   by both IETF and CA/Browser Forums. If you place a DNS name here, then you 
#   must include the DNS name in the SAN too (otherwise, Chrome and others that
#   strictly follow the CA/Browser Baseline Requirements will fail).
commonName          = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
commonName_default      = Example CompanyemailAddress            = Email Address
emailAddress_default        = test@test.com# Section x509_ext is used when generating a self-signed certificate. I.e., openssl req -x509 ...
[ x509_ext ]subjectKeyIdentifier        = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier  = keyid,issuer# You only need digitalSignature below. *If* you don't allow
#   RSA Key transport (i.e., you use ephemeral cipher suites), then
#   omit keyEncipherment because that's key transport.
basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
keyUsage            = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName          = @alternate_names
nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"# RFC 5280, Section 4.2.1.12 makes EKU optional
#   CA/Browser Baseline Requirements, Appendix (B)(3)(G) makes me confused
#   In either case, you probably only need serverAuth.
# extendedKeyUsage  = serverAuth, clientAuth# Section req_ext is used when generating a certificate signing request. I.e., openssl req ...
[ req_ext ]subjectKeyIdentifier        = hashbasicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
keyUsage            = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName          = @alternate_names
nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"# RFC 5280, Section 4.2.1.12 makes EKU optional
#   CA/Browser Baseline Requirements, Appendix (B)(3)(G) makes me confused
#   In either case, you probably only need serverAuth.
# extendedKeyUsage  = serverAuth, clientAuth[ alternate_names ]DNS.1       = test.com
DNS.2       = www.test.com
DNS.3       = mail.test.com
DNS.4       = ftp.test.com# Add these if you need them. But usually you don't want them or
#   need them in production. You may need them for development.
# DNS.5       = localhost
# DNS.6       = localhost.localdomain
# DNS.7       = 127.0.0.1# IPv6 localhost
# DNS.8     = ::1

详细步骤

打开命令提示符窗口：

1.执行 cd "c:\OpenSSL-Win64\bin"

2.执行 set OPENSSL_CONF=c:\OpenSSL-Win64\openssl.cnf

3.执行 openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -nodes -keyout test.key -out test.crt -subj "/CN=test.com" -days 3650

如下图所示：

将C:\OpenSSL-Win64\bin目录下 test.crt 导入证书存储：

打开certlm.msc
转至受信任的根证书颁发机构 > 证书
右键单击某处，选择“所有任务”>“导入”
浏览刚刚创建的文件test.crt（位于 C:\OpenSSL-Win32\bin 中）
选择将所有证书放入以下存储中：受信任的根证书颁发机构
单击“完成”

从证书列表中导出此证书：

刷新受信任的根证书颁发机构 > 证书，找到并右键单击 test.com 证书
选择所有任务 > 导出
导出为test.p7b并保存在C:\OpenSSL-Win64\bin\
删除test.com证书存储中当前的证书

接着执行：openssl pkcs7 -in test.p7b -inform DER -out result.pem -print_certs

在执行：openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey test.key -in result.pem -name test.com -out final_result.pfx

过程中需要输入密码，后面要用到不要忘掉，建议保存一下。

将“final_result.pfx”导入证书存储区：

双击生成的final_result.pfx文件运行安装程序
选择本地机器
输入密码
选择将此密钥标记为可导出
选择包括所有扩展属性
选择将所有证书放入以下存储中：受信任的根证书颁发机构
单击“完成”

再次重复上述导入步骤 1 到 7，但这次在步骤 6 中，将证书放置在“Web宿主”证书存储中（以便 IIS 在绑定到 https 时可以看到该证书）

从存储中导出此证书（以在套接字服务器应用程序中使用）：

刷新受信任的根证书颁发机构 > 证书，找到并右键单击该test.com证书
选择所有任务 > 导出
选择yes，导出私钥
选择个人信息交换
如果可能，选择包括所有证书
选择导出所有扩展属性
选择启用证书隐私
添加密码
添加文件名test.com.pfx（将其保存到 C:\ 或“套接字服务器应用程序”将引用它的位置，请参见下文）
X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2("C:\\test.com.pfx", "password");

将test.com与本地电脑 IP 一起添加到主机文件中，C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

创建 IIS 网站并为 http 和 https 添加到 test.com 的绑定（并在 https 绑定中选择 test.com 证书）

访问 https://test.com/your-socket-client.htm （在 Chrome/Edge 中，当提示 ssl 警告时单击高级 > 继续）

套接字客户端现在应该使用 wss 成功连接wss://test.com:xxxx

注意事项

如果是用 Chrome 进行测试，则可能需要使用 TLS 1.2。因为Chrome貌似加强了可以使用的安全协议。另外要在套接字服务器上使用 TLS 1.2，请设置：
server.EnabledSslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls12;
或更多选项，比如：
server.EnabledSslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls12 | SslProtocols.Ssl3 | SslProtocols.Tls11 | SslProtocols.Tls;

在套接字服务器上，尝试监听 0.0.0.0
var server = new WebSocketServer("wss://0.0.0.0:7181");

在客户端，如果使用wss，则需要使用ssl证书注册的域的url，而不是ip地址：
window.ws = new wsImpl('wss://test.com:7181/');

代码实现

控制台代码

using Fleck;
using System.Security.Authentication;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
public class WebSocketServerDemo
{public static void Main(string[] args){X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2("C:\\test.com.pfx", "test");var server = new WebSocketServer("wss://0.0.0.0:7181");if (certificate != null){server.Certificate = certificate;server.EnabledSslProtocols = SslProtocols.Ssl3 | SslProtocols.Tls | SslProtocols.Tls11 | SslProtocols.Tls12;//server.EnabledSslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls12;}server.Start(socket =>{socket.OnOpen = () => Console.WriteLine("Open!");socket.OnClose = () => Console.WriteLine("Close!");socket.OnMessage = message =>{Console.WriteLine(message);socket.Send(message + " from server");};});Console.WriteLine("Server Started");Console.ReadLine();}
}

客户端代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><meta charset="utf-8" /><title>WebSocket Demo</title><script type="text/javascript">var start = function () {var inc = document.getElementById('incomming');var wsImpl = window.WebSocket || window.MozWebSocket;var form = document.getElementById('sendForm');var input = document.getElementById('sendText');inc.innerHTML += "connecting to server ...<br/>";// 创建新的websocket新连接端口为7181window.ws = new wsImpl('wss://test.com:7181/');// 当数据从服务器服务中心发送后，继续向下运行过程ws.onmessage = function (evt) {inc.innerHTML += evt.data + '<br/>';};// 当链接对象找到服务端成功对接后，提示正常打开ws.onopen = function () {inc.innerHTML += 'connection opened<br/>';};// 当链接对象未找找到服务端成功对接后，提示打开失败，别切单项关闭ws.onclose = function () {inc.innerHTML += 'connection closed<br/>';}form.addEventListener('submit', function (e) {e.preventDefault();var val = input.value;ws.send(val);input.value = "";});}window.onload = start;</script>
</head>
<body><form id="sendForm"><input id="sendText" placeholder="Text to send" /></form><pre id="incomming"></pre>
</body>
</html>