OpenStack(T版)——对象存储(Swift)服务介绍与安装

OpenStack 对象存储（Swift）是一种用于存储和管理大量数据的系统。它就像是一个超级大的云盘，可以存储各种各样的文件，比如照片、视频、文档等等。 与传统的文件存储不同，对象存储不关心文件的目录结构或层级关系，而是将每个文件视为一个独立的对象（Object）。每个对象都有一个唯一的标识符，我们可以通过这个标识符来找到和访问对象。

为了确保数据的可靠性和安全性，对象存储会将每个对象分成多个副本，并将这些副本分散存储在不同的存储服务器上。这样，即使某个服务器出现故障，我们仍然可以通过其他副本来获取文件。

当我们想要上传文件时，我们将文件分成小块，并将这些块分发到不同的存储服务器上。每个块都有自己的校验码，以便在需要时进行数据校验和修复。

当我们需要访问文件时，我们只需要提供文件的唯一标识符，对象存储系统就会根据标识符找到对应的存储服务器，并将文件块重新组装起来，然后将完整的文件返回给我们。

安装和配置(controller)

官方文档

准备

(1)加载admin user 的环境变量

[root@controller ~]# source admin-openrc.sh 

(2)创建Identity服务凭据

①创建Swift用户

[root@controller ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt swift
User Password:
Repeat User Password:
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | 73688e8378464c28b658229ec741f597 |
| name                | swift                            |
| options             | {}                               |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

②将admin role 赋予 swift user 和service project

[root@controller ~]#  openstack role add --project service --user swift admin

③创建 swift service entity

[root@controller ~]# openstack service create --name swift  --description "OpenStack Object Storage" object-store+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Object Storage         |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 232187105b6e4bc8b7dd4d8fb430beb8 |
| name        | swift                            |
| type        | object-store                     |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

(3)创建Swift对象存储服务组件的API endpouint

[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne  object-store public http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_%\(project_id\)s
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                         |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                          |
| id           | 2ae6d8b8091a413ea11204fadd869296              |
| interface    | public                                        |
| region       | RegionOne                                     |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                     |
| service_id   | 232187105b6e4bc8b7dd4d8fb430beb8              |
| service_name | swift                                         |
| service_type | object-store                                  |
| url          | http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_%(project_id)s |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne  object-store internal http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_%\(project_id\)s
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                         |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                          |
| id           | 78f84dd843564cbebff06b52358811e9              |
| interface    | internal                                      |
| region       | RegionOne                                     |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                     |
| service_id   | 232187105b6e4bc8b7dd4d8fb430beb8              |
| service_name | swift                                         |
| service_type | object-store                                  |
| url          | http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_%(project_id)s |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne  object-store admin http://controller:8080/v1
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 910643f5738b4c35937bdcb938205f14 |
| interface    | admin                            |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 232187105b6e4bc8b7dd4d8fb430beb8 |
| service_name | swift                            |
| service_type | object-store                     |
| url          | http://controller:8080/v1        |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

安装和配置Swift对象存储服务组件

(1)安装软件包

[root@controller ~]# yum install -y openstack-swift-proxy python-swiftclient  python-keystoneclient python-keystonemiddleware  memcached

(2)Swift 代理服务器的配置文件/etc/swift/proxy-server.conf

[root@controller ~]# vim  /etc/swift/proxy-server.conf
[DEFAULT]
bind_port = 8080
user = swift
swift_dir = /etc/swift
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = catch_errors gatekeeper healthcheck proxy-logging cache container_sync bulk ratelimit authtoken keystoneauth container-quotas account-quotas slo dlo versioned_writes proxy-logging proxy-server
[app:proxy-server]
use = egg:swift#proxy
account_autocreate = True
[filter:keystoneauth]
use = egg:swift#keystoneauth
operator_roles = admin,user
[filter:authtoken]
paste.filter_factory = keystonemiddleware.auth_token:filter_factory
www_authenticate_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = swift
password = 000000
delay_auth_decision = True
[filter:tempauth]
use = egg:swift#tempauth
user_admin_admin = admin .admin .reseller_admin
user_test_tester = testing .admin
user_test2_tester2 = testing2 .admin
user_test_tester3 = testing3
user_test5_tester5 = testing5 service
[filter:healthcheck]
use = egg:swift#healthcheck
[filter:cache]
use = egg:swift#memcache
memcache_servers = controller:11211
[filter:ratelimit]
use = egg:swift#ratelimit
[filter:domain_remap]
use = egg:swift#domain_remap
[filter:catch_errors]
use = egg:swift#catch_errors
[filter:cname_lookup]
use = egg:swift#cname_lookup
[filter:staticweb]
use = egg:swift#staticweb
[filter:tempurl]
use = egg:swift#tempurl
[filter:formpost]
use = egg:swift#formpost
[filter:name_check]
use = egg:swift#name_check
[filter:list-endpoints]
use = egg:swift#list_endpoints
[filter:proxy-logging]
use = egg:swift#proxy_logging
[filter:bulk]
use = egg:swift#bulk
[filter:slo]
use = egg:swift#slo
[filter:dlo]
use = egg:swift#dlo
[filter:container-quotas]
use = egg:swift#container_quotas
[filter:account-quotas]
use = egg:swift#account_quotas
[filter:gatekeeper]
use = egg:swift#gatekeeper
[filter:container_sync]
use = egg:swift#container_sync
[filter:xprofile]
use = egg:swift#xprofile
[filter:versioned_writes]
use = egg:swift#versioned_writes
[filter:copy]
use = egg:swift#copy
[filter:keymaster]
use = egg:swift#keymaster
encryption_root_secret = changeme
[filter:kms_keymaster]
use = egg:swift#kms_keymaster
[filter:encryption]
use = egg:swift#encryption
[filter:listing_formats]
use = egg:swift#listing_formats
[filter:symlink]
use = egg:swift#symlink

创建账户 Ring

[root@controller ~]# cd /etc/swift/
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder account.builder create 18 1 1
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder account.builder add --region 1 --zone 1 --ip 192.168.200.20 --port 6202 --device sdc --weight 100
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder account.builder
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder account.builder rebalance

创建容器 Ring

[root@controller ~]# cd /etc/swift/
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder container.builder create 10 1 1
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder container.builder add --region 1 --zone 1 --ip 192.168.200.20 --port 6201 --device sdc --weight 100
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder container.builder
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder container.builder rebalance

创建对象 Ring

[root@controller ~]# cd /etc/swift/
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder object.builder create 10 1 1
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder object.builder  add --region 1 --zone 1 --ip 192.168.200.20 --port 6200 --device sdc --weight 100 
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder object.builder
[root@controller ~]# swift-ring-builder object.builder rebalance

Swift 存储系统的主配置文件

[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/swift/swift.conf
[swift-hash]
swift_hash_path_suffix = changeme
swift_hash_path_prefix = changeme
[storage-policy:0]
name = Policy-0
default = yes
aliases = yellow, orange
[swift-constraints]

修改文件属主

[root@controller ~]# chown -R root:swift /etc/swift

设置开机自启并重新启动

[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable openstack-swift-proxy.service memcached.service &&    systemctl restart openstack-swift-proxy.service memcached.service

安装和配置(compute)

准备

在安装和配置之前，请务必准备好块存储设备(sdc)

(1)安装软件包

[root@compute ~]# yum install xfsprogs rsync openstack-swift-account openstack-swift-container openstack-swift-object -y

(2)格式化/dev/sdc1

[root@compute ~]# mkfs.xfs -i size=1024 -f /dev/sdc
# -i size=1024 参数指定了 inode 的大小为 1024 字节
# inode 是文件系统中用于存储文件元数据的结构。

(3)创建挂载点

[root@compute ~]# mkdir -p /swift/node/sdc

(4)编辑/etc/fstab文件，添加以下内容

[root@compute ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdc /swift/node/sdc xfs loop,noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier,logbufs=8 0 0

(5)挂载文件系统

[root@compute ~]# mount /dev/sdc /swift/node/sdc

(6)分发环配置文件

[root@compute ~]# scp controller:/etc/swift/*.ring.gz /etc/swift/

(7)创建或编辑/etc/rsyncd.conf文件以包含以下内容

[root@compute ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
uid = swift
gid = swift
address = 127.0.0.1
[account]
path            = /swift/node
read only       = false
write only      = no
list            = yes
incoming chmod  = 0644
outgoing chmod  = 0644
max connections = 25
lock file =     /var/lock/account.lock
[container]
path            = /swift/node
read only       = false
write only      = no
list            = yes
incoming chmod  = 0644
outgoing chmod  = 0644
max connections = 25
lock file =     /var/lock/container.lock
[object]
path            = /swift/node
read only       = false
write only      = no
list            = yes
incoming chmod  = 0644
outgoing chmod  = 0644
max connections = 25
lock file =     /var/lock/object.lock
[swift_server]
path            = /etc/swift
read only       = true
write only      = no
list            = yes
incoming chmod  = 0644
outgoing chmod  = 0644
max connections = 5
lock file =     /var/lock/swift_server.lock

(8)启动rsyncd服务并将其配置为随系统启动而启动

[root@compute ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service  && systemctl enable rsyncd.service

配置Swift对象存储服务组件

(1)编辑/etc/swift/account-server.conf文件

[DEFAULT]
bind_port = 6202
user = swift
swift_dir = /etc/swift
devices = /swift/node
mount_check = false
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = healthcheck recon account-server
[app:account-server]
use = egg:swift#account
[filter:healthcheck]
use = egg:swift#healthcheck
[filter:recon]
use = egg:swift#recon
recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift
[account-replicator]
[account-auditor]
[account-reaper]
[filter:xprofile]
use = egg:swift#xprofile

(2)编辑/etc/swift/container-server.conf文件

[DEFAULT]
bind_port = 6201
user = swift
swift_dir = /etc/swift
devices = /swift/node
mount_check = false
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = healthcheck recon container-server
[app:container-server]
use = egg:swift#container
[filter:healthcheck]
use = egg:swift#healthcheck
[filter:recon]
use = egg:swift#recon
recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift
[container-replicator]
[container-updater]
[container-auditor]
[container-sync]
[filter:xprofile]
use = egg:swift#xprofile

(3)编辑/etc/swift/object-server.conf文件

[DEFAULT]
bind_port = 6200
user = swift
swift_dir = /etc/swift
devices = /swift/node
mount_check = false
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = healthcheck recon object-server
[app:object-server]
use = egg:swift#object
[filter:healthcheck]
use = egg:swift#healthcheck
[filter:recon]
use = egg:swift#recon
recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift
recon_lock_path = /var/lock
[object-replicator]
[object-reconstructor]
[object-updater]
[object-auditor]
[filter:xprofile]
use = egg:swift#xprofile

(4)编辑/etc/swift/swift.conf文件

[swift-hash]
swift_hash_path_suffix = changeme
swift_hash_path_prefix = changeme
[storage-policy:0]
name = Policy-0
default = yes
aliases = yellow, orange
[swift-constraints]

(6)设置挂载点的属主

[root@compute ~]#  chown -R swift:swift /swift/node

(7)创建recon目录并设置属主

[root@compute ~]# mkdir -p /var/cache/swift
[root@compute ~]# chown -R root:swift /var/cache/swift
[root@compute ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/cache/swift
[root@compute ~]# chown -R root:swift /etc/swift

在存储节点上，启动Swift存储服务并设置为开机自启

[root@compute ~]# systemctl enable openstack-swift-account.service openstack-swift-account-auditor.service openstack-swift-account-reaper.service openstack-swift-account-replicator.service
[root@compute ~]# systemctl restart openstack-swift-account.service openstack-swift-account-auditor.service openstack-swift-account-reaper.service openstack-swift-account-replicator.service[root@compute ~]# systemctl enable openstack-swift-container.service openstack-swift-container-auditor.service openstack-swift-container-replicator.service openstack-swift-container-updater.service
[root@compute ~]# systemctl restart openstack-swift-container.service openstack-swift-container-auditor.service openstack-swift-container-replicator.service openstack-swift-container-updater.service[root@compute ~]# systemctl enable openstack-swift-object.service openstack-swift-object-auditor.service openstack-swift-object-replicator.service openstack-swift-object-updater.service
[root@compute ~]# systemctl restart openstack-swift-object.service openstack-swift-object-auditor.service openstack-swift-object-replicator.service openstack-swift-object-updater.service

验证

(1)加载环境变量

[root@controller ~]# source admin-openrc.sh 

(2)检查Swift服务状态

[root@controller ~]# swift statAccount: AUTH_0769b940829c4078a4aa573e83d6520cContainers: 0Objects: 0Bytes: 0X-Put-Timestamp: 1688142619.69016X-Timestamp: 1688142619.69016X-Trans-Id: txb5117d325e1c49f3876da-00649f031aContent-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
X-Openstack-Request-Id: txb5117d325e1c49f3876da-00649f031a

(2)创建容器

使用命令创建容器 名称为 swift-test

[root@controller ~]# openstack container create swift-test
+---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| account                               | container  | x-trans-id                         |
+---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| AUTH_0769b940829c4078a4aa573e83d6520c | swift-test | txe78d3ff78bb1422ba1bbf-00649f03cd |
+---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------

(3)查看容器

[root@controller ~]#  openstack container list
+------------+
| Name       |
+------------+
| swift-test |
+------------+

(4)创建对象

[root@controller ~]# mkdir test
[root@controller ~]# echo "I am csq,  welcome Swift\!" >>  test/csq.txt
[root@controller ~]#  openstack object create swift-test  test/csq.txt
+--------------+------------+----------------------------------+
| object       | container  | etag                             |
+--------------+------------+----------------------------------+
| test/csq.txt | swift-test | 83da8bfa7f0e1d023c546e105a35cd88 |
+--------------+------------+----------------------------------+

(5)查看对象

[root@controller ~]# openstack object list swift-test
+--------------+
| Name         |
+--------------+
| test/csq.txt |
+--------------+

(6)下载对象

[root@controller ~]# rm -rf test/
[root@controller ~]# openstack object save swift-test test/csq.txt
[root@controller ~]# ls test/
csq.txt

分片存储

(1)创建容器

[root@controller ~]# openstack container create swift-test2
+---------------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------------+
| account                               | container   | x-trans-id                         |
+---------------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------------+
| AUTH_0769b940829c4078a4aa573e83d6520c | swift-test2 | tx5c548a18c29646ccadde1-00649f05d8 |
+---------------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------------+

(2)上传镜像并分片存储

每个片段大小为10M

[root@controller ~]# swift upload swift-test2 -S 10000000 image/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img 
image/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img segment 1
image/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img segment 0
image/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img

查看cirros镜像的存储路径

[root@controller ~]#  swift stat swift-test2 image/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img Account: AUTH_0769b940829c4078a4aa573e83d6520cContainer: swift-test2Object: image/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.imgContent Type: application/octet-streamContent Length: 13287936Last Modified: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 16:43:29 GMTETag: "cca17a689bfcd70118fabc833af0d033"Manifest: swift-test2_segments/image/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img/1687999427.910558/13287936/10000000/Meta Mtime: 1687999427.910558Accept-Ranges: bytesX-Timestamp: 1688143408.18578X-Trans-Id: tx0b6fbefac2c24e69a998e-00649f0681
X-Openstack-Request-Id: tx0b6fbefac2c24e69a998e-00649f0681

查看存储路径中的数据片

[root@controller ~]# swift list swift-test2_segments
image/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img/1687999427.910558/13287936/10000000/00000000
image/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img/1687999427.910558/13287936/10000000/00000001

可以看到的是镜像上传到Swift存储中被分片存储了，单个存储片的大小为10M