考研机试题目中的很多问题往往能通过暴力方法来求解,这些题目并不需要进行过多的思考,而只需枚举所有可能的情况,或者模拟题目中提出的规则,便可以得到解答。虽然说这种方法看上并不高明,但对于一些简单的题目来说却是行之有效的好策略。
枚举
枚举是指对每个可能的解进行逐一判断,直到找到符合题目要求的答案。枚举类的题目本身并不复杂,但在采取枚举策略之前, 一定要好好分析题目的枚举量,枚举量过大时, 需要选择其他解决方法。即使问题适合用枚举策略来求解,也最好对题目进行一定的分析,以便通过减少部分无效的枚举来使得程序更加简洁和高效。
下面通过几道例题来感受一下:
abc_牛客题霸_牛客网 (nowcoder.com)https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/912b15e237ef44148e44018d7b8750b6?tpId=60&tqId=29487&tPage=1&ru=/kaoyan/retest/1001&qru=/ta/tsing-kaoyan/question-ranking题解:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{for (int a = 0; a <= 9; a++){for (int b = 0; b <= 9; b++){for (int c = 0; c <= 9; c++){//abc+bcc=532if (a * 100 + b * 10 + c + b * 100 + c * 10 + c == 532){cout << a <<" "<< b << " "<< c << endl;}}}}return 0;
}
反序数_牛客题霸_牛客网 (nowcoder.com)https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/e0d06e79efa44785be5b2ec6e66ba898?tpId=60&tqId=31035&tPage=2&ru=/kaoyan/retest/1001&qru=/ta/tsing-kaoyan/question-ranking图解求逆序数的过程:
方法一:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int Reverse(int n) { //封装一个求逆序数的函数int remain = 0;int reverse = 0;while (true) {remain = n % 10;n = n / 10;reverse = reverse * 10 + remain;if (n == 0) {break;}}return reverse;
}
int main() {for (int a = 1; a <= 9; a++) {for (int b = 0; b <= 9; b++) {for (int c = 0; c <= 9; c++) {for (int d = 0; d <= 9; d++) {int n = a * 1000 + b * 100 + c * 10 + d;if (n * 9 == Reverse(n)) {cout << a << b << c << d << endl;}}}}}return 0;
}
方法二(有一点投机取巧):
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;int main()
{for (int a = 0; a <= 9; a++){for (int b = 0; b <= 9; b++){for (int c = 0; c <= 9; c++){for (int d = 0; d <= 9; d++){if ((a * 1000 + b * 100 + c * 10 + d) * 9 == (d * 1000 + c * 100 + b * 10 + a)){if (a == 0 && b==0 && c==0 && d==0){;}else{cout << a << b << c << d << endl;}}}}}}return 0;
}
对称平方数1_牛客题霸_牛客网 (nowcoder.com)https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/a84d46d5321f4e20931cb725e6c74fad?tpId=60&tqId=31036&tPage=2&ru=%2Fkaoyan%2Fretest%2F1001&qru=%2Fta%2Ftsing-kaoyan%2Fquestion-ranking题解:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;int Reverse(int n) { //封装一个求逆序数的函数int remain = 0;int reverse = 0;while (true) {remain = n % 10;n = n / 10;reverse = reverse * 10 + remain;if (n == 0) {break;}}return reverse;
}
int main() {for (int i = 0; i <= 256; i++) {int n = i * i;if (n == Reverse(n)) { //通过if条件来判断这个数是否具有对称性cout << i << endl;}}return 0;
}
与7无关的数__牛客网 (nowcoder.com)https://www.nowcoder.com/questionTerminal/776d401bf86d446fa783f0bef7d3c096
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
bool Is_a_seven(int i)//封装成函数判断一个数中是否含有7,这样做的好处是避免一个函数循环过大
{int remain = 0;while (i){remain = i % 10;if (remain == 7){return true;}i = i / 10;}return false;
}
int main() {int n = 0;int sum = 0;//表示和cin >> n;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){//与7相关的数要满足的条件://1.能被7整除if (i % 7 == 0){continue;//只跳过本次循环,用continue跳出}//2.数中是否含有7if (Is_a_seven(i)){continue;}sum = sum + i * i;}//输出:所有小于等于n的与7无关的数的平方和cout << sum << endl;
}
http://t.cn/E9ldhruhttp://t.cn/E9ldhru
此题容易出错:
解法一:避免小数的出现会引发向下取整这样的错误,那么同时都×3
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;int main() {int n = 0;cin >> n;for (int x = 0; x <= 100; x++) {for (int y = 0; y <= 100; y++) {for (int z = 0; z <= 100; z++) {主要是1/3搞不好会变为0//所以想着全部×3 避免1/3的出现if ((x + y + z == 100) && (15 * x + 9 * y + z <= 3 * n)) {cout << "x=" << x << ",y=" << y << ",z=" << z << endl;}}}}return 0;
}
解法2:利用强制类型转换,转换为double类型
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;int main() {int n = 0;cin >> n;for (int x = 0; x <= n / 5; x++) {for (int y = 0; y <= n / 3; y++) {for (int z = 0; z <= 3 * n; z++) {if ((x + y + z == 100) && (5 * x + 3 * y + (double)1 / 3 * z <= n)) {cout << "x=" << x << ",y=" << y << ",z=" << z << endl;}}}}return 0;
}
解法3:分数用1.0/3来表示
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;int main() {int n = 0;cin >> n;for (int x = 0; x <= n / 5; x++) {for (int y = 0; y <= n / 3; y++) {for (int z = 0; z <= 3 * n; z++) {if ((x + y + z == 100) && (5 * x + 3 * y + 1.0 / 3 * z <= n)) {cout << "x=" << x << ",y=" << y << ",z=" << z << endl;}}}}return 0;
}
通过此题要知道一个常识:
如果这个题目在处理1/3这个地方的时候不将数据强制类型转换成浮点类型,那么1/3的结果永远都是0,以后在处理这类问题的时候一定要注意,1/3以后尽量都用1.0/3来表示最好
Old Bill__牛客网 (nowcoder.com)https://www.nowcoder.com/questionTerminal/17a30153e092493e8b4d13f321343927
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;int main() {int n, x, y, z;int flag = 0;while (cin >> n >> x >> y >> z){flag = 0;for (int i = 9; i >= 1; i--) //i是最高位,j是最低位,分别从9往下循环{for (int j = 9; j >= 0; j--){if ((10000 * i + 1000 * x + 100 * y + 10 * z + j) % n == 0)确保单价是整数{flag = 1;//将flag位置为1,目的是让程序可以退出下一层循环cout << i << " " << j << " " << (10000 * i + 1000 * x + 100 * y + 10 * z + j) / n << endl;break;//退出内层for循环}}if (flag == 1)//如果flag位是1.说明以及找到一组最大的满足结果的数,直接退出循环{break;}}if (flag == 0)//如果标志位遍历完成后还是0,则输出0{cout << 0 << endl;}}
}