今天又接到了一个离谱的DEBUG订单-编程知识

今天又接到了一个离谱的DEBUG订单

一、BUG程序

#include <iostream>
#include <string>class Rectangle {
private:int width;int height;public:Rectangle(int w, int h) {width = w;height = h;}void setWidth(int w) {width = w;}void setHeight(int h) {height = h;}int getArea() {return width * height;}int getPerimeter() {return 2 * (width + height);}void printInfo() {std::cout << "Rectangle: Width = " << width << ", Height = " << height << std::endl;}
};int main() {bool running = true;int option;Rectangle* rectangle = nullptr;while (running) {std::cout << "1. Create a rectangle" << std::endl;std::cout << "2. Set width" << std::endl;std::cout << "3. Set height" << std::endl;std::cout << "4. Calculate area" << std::endl;std::cout << "5. Calculate perimeter" << std::endl;std::cout << "6. Print rectangle info" << std::endl;std::cout << "7. Exit" << std::endl;std::cout << "Enter option: ";std::cin >> option;switch (option) {case 1: {int w, h;std::cout << "Enter width: ";std::cin >> w;std::cout << "Enter height: ";std::cin >> h;rectangle = new Rectangle(w, h);break;}case 2: {int newWidth;std::cout << "Enter new width: ";std::cin >> newWidth;rectangle->setWidth(newWidth);break;}case 3: {int newHeight;std::cout << "Enter new height: ";std::cin >> newHeight;rectangle->setHeight(newHeight);break;}case 4: {int area = rectangle->getArea();std::cout << "Area: " << area << std::endl;break;}case 5: {int perimeter = rectangle->getPerimeter();std::cout << "Perimeter: " << perimeter << std::endl;break;}case 6: {rectangle->printInfo();break;}case 7: {running = false;break;}default: {std::cout << "Invalid option!" << std::endl;break;}}delete rectangle;}return 0;
}

二、分析

1. 内存泄漏：在用户选择创建矩形时，程序会动态分配矩形对象的内存，但在程序结束时没有正确释放内存，导致内存泄漏。
2. 空指针解引用：在用户选择设置宽度或高度时，没有检查是否存在矩形对象的实例，而是直接使用了一个可能为空的指针对象。
3. 逻辑错误：在用户选择设置宽度或高度时，程序应该先检查是否存在矩形对象的实例，再进行相关操作。
4. 默认情况处理：在用户输入无效选项时，程序没有提供相应的处理机制，导致出现未定义的行为。
5. 缺少复制构造函数和赋值运算符重载：矩形类没有实现自定义的复制构造函数和赋值运算符重载，可能导致不正确的对象复制和内存管理问题。

说是还要改成中文…………呵呵

三、修改

#include <iostream>class Rectangle {
private:int width;int height;public:Rectangle() {width = 0;height = 0;}Rectangle(int w, int h) {width = w;height = h;}Rectangle(const Rectangle& other) {width = other.width;height = other.height;}~Rectangle() {// 进行必要的资源清理}Rectangle& operator=(const Rectangle& other) {if (this != &other) {width = other.width;height = other.height;}return *this;}void setWidth(int w) {width = w;}void setHeight(int h) {height = h;}int getWidth() const {return width;}int getHeight() const {return height;}int calculateArea() const {return width * height;}int calculatePerimeter() const {return 2 * (width + height);}
};int main() {Rectangle* rect = nullptr;int choice, width, height;while (true) {std::cout << "1. 创建矩形\n";std::cout << "2. 设置宽度\n";std::cout << "3. 设置高度\n";std::cout << "4. 计算面积\n";std::cout << "5. 计算周长\n";std::cout << "6. 退出\n";std::cout << "请输入选项: ";std::cin >> choice;if (choice == 1) {if (rect != nullptr) {delete rect;}std::cout << "请输入矩形的宽度: ";std::cin >> width;std::cout << "请输入矩形的高度: ";std::cin >> height;rect = new Rectangle(width, height);} else if (choice == 2) {if (rect != nullptr) {std::cout << "请输入新的宽度: ";std::cin >> width;rect->setWidth(width);} else {std::cout << "还没有创建矩形！\n";}} else if (choice == 3) {if (rect != nullptr) {std::cout << "请输入新的高度: ";std::cin >> height;rect->setHeight(height);} else {std::cout << "还没有创建矩形！\n";}} else if (choice == 4) {if (rect != nullptr) {std::cout << "矩形的面积为: " << rect->calculateArea() << "\n";} else {std::cout << "还没有创建矩形！\n";}} else if (choice == 5) {if (rect != nullptr) {std::cout << "矩形的周长为: " << rect->calculatePerimeter() << "\n";} else {std::cout << "还没有创建矩形！\n";}} else if (choice == 6) {if (rect != nullptr) {delete rect;}break;} else {std::cout << "无效的选项，请重新输入。\n";}}return 0;
}