目录
一、底层原理
二、红黑树的节点
三、仿函数
四、迭代器
4.1、迭代器的定义:
4.2、*:解引用操作
4.3、->:成员访问操作符
4.4、!=、==
4.5、迭代器的++:
4.6、迭代器的--
五、Map
六、Set
七、红黑树源码
一、底层原理
我们要知道:Map和Set底层是用红黑树封装的。
红黑树的底层是:KV结构
RBTree是通过传入的Value的值来判断类型,也就是一棵泛型的RBTree,通过不同的实例化,实现出了Map和Set:
对于map:传key,对于set:传pair
为了让我们的红黑树能够识别set与map我们增加一个模板参数T:
template<class K, class T>
class RBTree
对于T模板参数可能是键值Key,也可能是由Key和Value共同构成的键值对。
如果是set容器,那么它传入底层红黑树的模板参数就是Key和Key:
template<class K>
class set
{private:RBTree<K,K> _t;
};
如果是map容器,传入底层红黑树的模板参数就是Key和Key和value的键值对:
class map
{
private:RBTree<K, pair<const K,V>> _t;
};
通过上面,我们可以知道,对于set和map的区别:我们只要通过第二个模板参数就能进行区分
那是不是第一个模板参数就没有意义了呢?
对于insert(const Value&v)来说,需要放入存入的值,确实是这个样子的,插入的值是value,对于set就是key,对于map就是pair。
但是对于find(const Key&key)来说,查找的参数不是value,找的不是pair而是Key,对于map容器来说就不行了。
二、红黑树的节点
set容器:K和T都是键值Key; map容器:K是键值Key,T由Key和Value构成的键值对;
但是底层红黑树并不知道上层容器到底是map还是set,因此红黑树的结点当中直接存储T就行了,如果是set的时候,结点当中存储的是键值Key;如果是map的时候,结点当中存储的就是Key和Value构成的键值对,所以红黑树的结点定义如下,由T类型来决定红黑树存的是key还是pair:
template<class T>//三叉链结构
struct RBTreeNode
{T _data;RBTreeNode<T>* _left;RBTreeNode<T>* _right;RBTreeNode<T>* _parent;Color _col;RBTreeNode(const T& data):_data(data), _left(nullptr), _right(nullptr), _parent(nullptr), _col(RED){}
};
三、仿函数
插入的时候data的大小如何去进行比较:我们并不知道是什么类型是key,还是pair的比较,而我们刚开始kv结构就直接用kv.first去比较了。
对于set是
Key
,可以比较对于map是
pair
,那我们要取其中的first来比较,但是pair的大小并不是直接按照first去进行比较的,而我们只需要按照first去进行比较
由于底层的红黑树不知道传的是map还是set容器,当需要进行两个结点键值的比较时,底层红黑树传入的仿函数来获取键值Key,进行两个结点键值的比较:这个时候我们就需要仿函数了,如果是set那就是用于返回T当中的键值Key,如果是map那就是用于返回pair的first:
仿函数/函数对象也是类,是一个类对象。仿函数要重载operator()。
map:
namespace lyl
{template<class K,class V>class map{struct MapKeyOfT{const K& operator()(const pair<const K, V>& kv){return kv.first;}};public:private:RBTree<K, pair<const K,V>,MapKeyOfT> _t;};
set:
namespace lyl
{template<class K>class set{struct SetKeyOfT{const K& operator()(const K& key){return key;}};private:RBTree<K,K,SetKeyOfT> _t;};
我们有了仿函数时,查找函数就可以用仿函数来替换比较部分
KeyOfT kot;//仿函数对象
Node* parent = nullptr;
Node* cur = _root;
while (cur)
{if (kot(cur->_data)<kot(data)){parent = cur;cur = cur->_right;}else if (kot(cur->_data)>kot(data)){parent = cur;cur = cur->_left;}else{return false;}
}
四、迭代器
4.1、迭代器的定义:
template<class T,class Ref,class Ptr>
struct __RBTreeIterator
{typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;typedef __RBTreeIterator<T,Ref,Ptr> Self;typedef __RBTreeIterator<T, T&, T*> iterator;Node* _node;__RBTreeIterator(Node*node):_node(node){}//普通迭代器的时候,它是拷贝构造//const迭代器的时候,它是构造,支持用普通迭代器构造const迭代器__RBTreeIterator(const iterator& s):_node(s._node){}
}
4.2、*:解引用操作
返回对应结点数据的引用:
Ref operator*(){return _node->_data;}
4.3、->:成员访问操作符
返回结点数据的引用:
Ptr operator->(){return &_node->_data;}
4.4、!=、==
bool operator !=(const Self & s) const{return _node != s._node;}bool operator ==(const Self& s) const{return _node == s._node;}
4.5、迭代器的++:
一个结点的正向迭代器进行++
操作后,根据红黑树中序(左、根、右)找到当前结点的下一个结点,中序的第一个节点是最左,迭代器的++
怎么去找:
如果节点的右子树不为空,++
就是找右子树的最左节点
如果节点的右子树为空,++
就是找祖先(孩子是父亲的左的那个祖先)
Self& operator++(){if (_node->_right){Node* min = _node->_right;while (min->_left){min = min->_left;}_node = min;}else{Node* cur = _node;Node* parent = cur->_parent;while (parent && cur == parent->_right){cur = cur->_parent;parent = parent->_parent;}_node = parent;}return *this;}
4.6、迭代器的--
对于–,如果是根,–就是左子树,找到左子树最大的那一个(最右节点)
如果节点的左子树不为空,--
找左子树最右的节点
如果节点的左子树为空,--
找祖先(孩子是父亲的右的祖先)
Self& operator--(){if (_node->_left){Node* max = _node->_left;while (max->_right){max = max->_right;}_node = max;}else{Node* cur = _node;Node* parent = cur->_parent;while (parent&&cur==parent->_left){cur = cur->_parent;parent = parent->_parent;}_node = parent;}return *this;}
4.7、begin(),end()
begin()
:返回中序(左、根、右)第一个结点的正向迭代器,即最左节点,返回的是最左节点,直接找最左节点即可
end()
:返回中序(左、根、右)最后一个结点下一个位置的正向迭代器,这里直接用空指针
template<class K, class T,class KeyOfT>
class RBTree
{typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
public:typedef __RBTreeIterator<T> iterator;iterator begin(){Node* left = _root;while (left && left->_left){left = left->_left;}return iterator(left);}iterator end(){return iterator(nullptr);}
}
五、Map
同样是套用上底层红黑树的接口,不过map的实现有一个很重要的地方,那就是[]的实现
#pragma once
#include "RBTree.h"
namespace lyl
{template<class K,class V>class map{struct MapkeyOfT{const K& operator()(const pair<const K, V>& kv){return kv.first;}};public://typename:没有实例化的模板,区分不了是静态变量还是类型,typename告诉编译器是类型typedef typename RBTree<K, pair<const K, V>, MapkeyOfT>::iterator iterator;typedef typename RBTree<K, pair<const K, V>, MapkeyOfT>::const_iterator const_iterator;iterator begin(){return _t.begin();}iterator end(){return _t.end();}const_iterator begin() const{return _t.begin();}const_iterator end() const{return _t.end();}pair<iterator,bool> insert(const pair<const K, V>& kv){return _t.Insert(kv);}V& operator[](const K& key){pair<iterator, bool> ret = insert(make_pair(key, V()));return ret.first->second;}private:RBTree<K, pair<const K, V>, MapkeyOfT> _t;};void test_map(){int a[] = { 4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 15, 7, 16, 14 };map<int, int> m;for (auto e : a){m.insert(make_pair(e, e));}map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin();while(it!=m.end()){it->second++;cout << it->first << ":" << it->second << endl;++it;}cout << endl;map<string, int> countMap;string arr[] = { "苹果","西瓜","香蕉","苹果"};for (auto& e : arr){countMap[e]++;}for (auto& kv : countMap){cout << kv.first << ":" << kv.second << endl;}}
}
六、Set
#pragma once
#include"RBTree.h"namespace bit
{template<class K>class set{public:struct SetKeyOfT{const K& operator()(const K& key){return key;}};typedef typename RBTree<K, K, SetKeyOfT>::iterator iterator;iterator begin(){return _t.begin();}iterator end(){return _t.end();}pair<iterator, bool> insert(const K& key){return _t.Insert(key);}private:RBTree<K, K, SetKeyOfT> _t;};
}
七、红黑树源码
#pragma once#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <assert.h>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
enum Color
{RED,BLACK,
};
template<class T>
struct RBTreeNode
{T _data;RBTreeNode<T>* _left;RBTreeNode<T>* _right;RBTreeNode<T>* _parent;Color _col;RBTreeNode(const T& data):_data(data), _left(nullptr), _right(nullptr), _parent(nullptr), _col(RED){}
};template<class T,class Ref,class Ptr>
struct __RBTreeIterator
{typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;typedef __RBTreeIterator<T,Ref,Ptr> Self;typedef __RBTreeIterator<T, T&, T*> iterator;Node* _node;__RBTreeIterator(Node*node):_node(node){}//普通迭代器的时候,它是拷贝构造//const迭代器的时候,它是构造,支持用普通迭代器构造const迭代器__RBTreeIterator(const iterator& s):_node(s._node){}Ref operator*(){return _node->_data;}Ptr operator->(){return &_node->_data;}Self& operator++(){if (_node->_right){Node* min = _node->_right;while (min->_left){min = min->_left;}_node = min;}else{Node* cur = _node;Node* parent = cur->_parent;while (parent && cur == parent->_right){cur = cur->_parent;parent = parent->_parent;}_node = parent;}return *this;}Self& operator--(){if (_node->_left){Node* max = _node->_left;while (max->_right){max = max->_right;}_node = max;}else{Node* cur = _node;Node* parent = cur->_parent;while (parent&&cur==parent->_left){cur = cur->_parent;parent = parent->_parent;}_node = parent;}return *this;}bool operator !=(const Self & s) const{return _node != s._node;}bool operator ==(const Self& s) const{return _node == s._node;}
};template<class K, class T,class KeyOfT>
class RBTree
{typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
public:typedef __RBTreeIterator<T,T&,T*> iterator;typedef __RBTreeIterator<T,const T&,const T*> const_iterator;const_iterator begin() const {Node* left = _root;while (left && left->_left){left = left->_left;}return const_iterator(left);}const_iterator end() const {return const_iterator(nullptr);}iterator begin(){Node* left = _root;while (left && left->_left){left = left->_left;}return iterator(left);}iterator end(){return iterator(nullptr);}pair<iterator,bool> Insert(const T& data){if (_root == nullptr){_root = new Node(data);_root->_col = BLACK;return make_pair(iterator(_root),true);}KeyOfT kot;Node* parent = nullptr;Node* cur = _root;while (cur){if (kot(cur->_data) < kot(data)){parent = cur;cur = cur->_right;}else if (kot(cur->_data) > kot(data)){parent = cur;cur = cur->_left;}else{return make_pair(iterator(cur),false);}}cur = new Node(data);Node* newnode = cur;cur->_col = RED;if (kot(parent->_data) < kot(data)){parent->_right = cur;cur->_parent = parent;}else{parent->_left = cur;cur->_parent = parent;}while (parent && parent->_col == RED){Node* grandfater = parent->_parent;if (parent == grandfater->_left){Node* uncle = grandfater->_right;//情况一:u存在且为红if (uncle && uncle->_col == RED){parent->_col = uncle->_col = BLACK;grandfater->_col = RED;//向上调整cur = grandfater;parent = cur->_parent;}else{//情况2if (cur == parent->_left){RotateR(grandfater);parent->_col = BLACK;grandfater->_col = RED;}//情况3else{// g// p// c RotateL(parent);RotateR(grandfater);cur->_col = BLACK;grandfater->_col = RED;}break;}}else//parent==grandfater->_right{Node* uncle = grandfater->_left;//情况1:u存在且为红色if (uncle && uncle->_col == RED){uncle->_col = parent->_col = BLACK;grandfater->_col = RED;//向上调整cur = grandfater;parent = cur->_parent;}else{//情况2:u不存在/u存在为黑色//g// p// cif (cur == parent->_right){RotateL(grandfater);grandfater->_col = RED;parent->_col = BLACK;}//情况3// g// p// celse{RotateR(parent);RotateL(grandfater);cur->_col = BLACK;grandfater->_col = RED;}break;}}}//根变黑_root->_col = BLACK;return make_pair(iterator(newnode),true);}void RotateL(Node* parent){Node* subR = parent->_right;Node* subRL = subR->_left;parent->_right = subRL;if (subRL)subRL->_parent = parent;Node* ppNode = parent->_parent;subR->_left = parent;parent->_parent = subR;if (ppNode == nullptr){_root = subR;_root->_parent = nullptr;}else{if (ppNode->_left == parent){ppNode->_left = subR;}else{ppNode->_right = subR;}subR->_parent = ppNode;}}void RotateR(Node* parent){Node* subL = parent->_left;Node* subLR = subL->_right;parent->_left = subLR;if (subLR)subLR->_parent = parent;Node* ppNode = parent->_parent;parent->_parent = subL;subL->_right = parent;if (ppNode == nullptr){_root = subL;_root->_parent = nullptr;}else{if (ppNode->_left == parent){ppNode->_left = subL;}else{ppNode->_right = subL;}subL->_parent = ppNode;}}void InOrder(){_InOrder(_root);}void _InOrder(Node* root){if (root == nullptr)return;_InOrder(root->_left);cout << root->_kv.first << ":" << root->_kv.second << endl;_InOrder(root->_right);}bool Check(Node* root, int blackNum, int ref){if (root == nullptr){//cout << blackNum << endl;if (blackNum != ref){cout << "违反规则:本条路径的黑色结点的数量根最左路径不相等" << endl;return false;}return true;}if (root->_col == RED && root->_parent->_col == RED){cout << "违反规则:出现连续的红色结点" << endl;return false;}if (root->_col == BLACK){++blackNum;}return Check(root->_left, blackNum, ref)&& Check(root->_right, blackNum, ref);}bool IsBalance(){if (_root == nullptr){return true;}if (_root->_col != BLACK){return false;}int ref = 0;Node* left = _root;while (left){if (left->_col == BLACK){++ref;}left = left->_left;}return Check(_root, 0, ref);}
private:Node* _root = nullptr;
};